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    of 2

    T RIGON OM ET RY

    Trigonometry is the study of triangle measurements.Because everywhere tri-


    angles are hidden so trigonometry has wide range of applications.

    PYTHAGORAS THEOREM AND PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES:


    Pythagoras theorem is applicable on just right angle triangle.

    i.e, (pythagoras theorem)

    (hyp)2 = (base)2 + (perp)2

    and drive trignometric rations from right angle triangle.

    per base per


    i.e, sin θ = hyp , cos θ = hyp , tan θ = base

    but as we said earlier that we can apply trignometry almost everywhere but
    it is not necessary that all triangles are right angle traiangles.So,thats why
    we generalized these trignometric ratios drive from right angle triangle with
    the coordinates of a unit circle. i.e,

    (x, y) ≡ (cos θ, sin θ)

    where θ is angle between the positive x − axis and a line drawn from the
    origin to a point (x, y) on the circle.
    PYTHAGORIAN IDENTITIES: As we know that the equation of area of
    the unit circle is,

    x2 + y 2 = 1
    and as we also know that x ≡ cos θ and y ≡ sin θ.So,subsituting in above
    equation we get,

    (cos θ)2 + (sin θ)2 = 1


    dividing above equation with (cos θ)2 and then (sin θ)2 we will get two more
    pythagoran identities.

    1 + (tan θ)2 = (sec θ)2

    1
    and
    (cot θ)2 + 1 = (csc θ)2
    COMPLEMENT IDENTITIES: Did you notice that ”cosine” is basically
    the complement of ”sine”. i.e,

    sin θ = cos(90◦ − θ)

    likewise,
    sin θ = cos(90◦ − θ)
    tan θ = cot(90◦ − θ)
    COMPOUND ANGLES:

    We can prove the following formula by using a geometry,but here just write
    it.
    sin(α + β) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β
    then sin(α − β) can be wriiten by just replacing β with −β in above for-
    mula and then using the fact that cos is even function and sin is odd func-
    tion.Finally,we get

    sin(α − β) = sin α cos β − cos α sin β


    by using complement identities,we have

    cos(α + β) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β

    and
    cos(α − β) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β
    we can drive other identities by using these,if put β = α in sin(α + β) we
    get,
    sin 2α = 2 sin α cos α
    and now putting β = α in cos(α + β) we get another important identity, i.e,

    cos 2α = (cos α)2 − (sin α)2

    THERE IS NO GREATER SATISFACTION FOR A JUST AND WELL


    MEANING PERSON THAN THE KNOWLEDGE THAT HE HAS DE-
    VOTED HIS BEST ENERGIES TO THE SERVICE OF A GOOD CAUSE.

    ALBERT EIN ST EIN


    T HAN KY OU

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