Limit, derivative, integral, convergence, theorems, vector, polynomials, curvilinear coordinates

Question:
Practice by calculating all the limits, all the derivatives, all the integrals.

Question:

Calculate limits of these functions when x goes to zero:

x
1/x
Sin(x)
Cos(x)
Tan(x)
Cot(x)
Log(x)
symbolab.com/solver/limit-calculator

Question:

Calculate derivatives and integrals of these functions:

x
1/x
Sin(x)
Cos(x)
Tan(x)
Cot(x)
Log(x)

derivative-calculator.net
https://www.integral-calculator.com/

Derivative
Question:
When does derivative not exist?

Application of integral
Question:
Calculate volume of cylinder, using integral.

Question:
Calculate volume of cone, using integral.
Theorems of calculus
Mean value theorem
b

f ( b )−f (a)
∫ f ' ( x ) dx
f ' ( c )= = a
b−a b−a
a<c<b
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_value_theorem

Rolle theorem
mathworld.wolfram.com/RollesTheorem.html

Question:
Explain Rolle theorem.

Farmat theorem
Fermat's theorem (also known as interior extremum theorem) is a method to find local maxima and
minima of differentiable functions on open sets by showing that every local extremum of the function is
a stationary point (the function's derivative is zero at that point). Fermat's theorem is a theorem in real
analysis, named after Pierre de Fermat.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_theorem_(stationary_points)#:~:text=Fermat%27s%20theorem
%20is%20central%20to,this%20set%20to%20determine%20the

Question:
Explain Fermat theorem.

Application of derivative

Projectile
Question:
Check correctness of minimal velocity of projectile for x = 10, y =0, g = 10, then Vmin must be 10
and angle of release A must be 45 degrees.
‘ (1+x^2)/(ax-b)
‘ derivative-calculator.net
' minimum velocity for projectile
x = 10
y=0
g = 10
T1 = (y + Sqr(x * x + y * y)) / x
T2 = (y - Sqr(x * x + y * y)) / x
'MsgBox T1
'MsgBox T2
'MsgBox x * T1 - y
v1 = Sqr(g * x ^ 2 * (1 + T1 ^ 2) / (2 * (x * T1 - y)))
MsgBox v1
'v2 = Sqr(g * x ^ 2 * (1 + T2 ^ 2) / (2 * (x * T2 - y)))
'MsgBox v2
MsgBox Atn(T1) * 180 / (4 * Atn(1))
'MsgBox Atn(T2) * 180 / (4 * Atn(1))

Question:
Calculate curvature of y = f(x) = Tx2 + Lx + m7
 | y ' '|
curvature= 3 /2
( 1+ ( y ' )2 )
y''=2T
y' = 2Tx+L

2T
curvature= 3 /2
( 1+ ( 2Tx + L )2 )

wolframalpha.com/examples/mathematics/calculus-and-analysis/applications-of-calculus/curvature

Convergence tests

For improper integrals

First kind
∞

∫ x p dx converges if p < -1,

1

Second kind
1

∫ x p dx converges if p > -1
0

Question:
Does this first kind improper integral converge or diverge? Why?
∞

∫ x −0.5 dx
1

Question:
Does this second kind improper integral converge or diverge? Why?
1

∫ x −0.7 dx
0

For series
∞

∑ n p converges if p < -1
n =1

Question:
Does this series converge or diverge? Why?
 ∞

∑ n−1.1
n =1

Question:
Give the series convergence tests.
m3 = 0: ratio
m3 = 1: root
m3 = 2: integral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio_test
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_test
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_test_for_convergence

Question:
Give Tailor series of main functions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series

Inequalities

Question:

Solve the inequalities.

|x| = x, if x > 0

|x| = x = 0, if x = 0

|x| = - x, if x < 0

m2 = 0: |k - Tx| < s
m2 = 1: |-s + Lx| - |kx + T| < s
http://www.wolframalpha.com

Question:

Solve the inequality

x<y
http://www.wolframalpha.com

Linear programming
Linear programming (LP), also called linear optimization, is a method to achieve the best outcome
(such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a mathematical model whose requirements are represented
by linear relationships. Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known
as mathematical optimization).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_programming
youtube.com/watch?v=-32jcGMpD2Q
youtube.com/watch?v=Uo6aRV-mbeg

Question:
Explain Bernoulli principle.

Volume and surface area:

Find volume and surface area of sphere with radius T.

s = 23123456
L = s Mod 10
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
E = s Mod 8
q = s Mod 17
A = s Mod 25
d = (T - L) / 10
Pi = 4 * Atn(1)
R=T
volume = 4 * Pi * R ^ 3 / 3
SurfaceArea = 4 * Pi * R ^ 2
MsgBox volume
MsgBox SurfaceArea

https://calculus17.weebly.com/uploads/7/7/9/0/77906190/sphere4volume4surface4area2019nov.txt

Exponential growth and decay:

For what x is eLx = 0.5?

s = 23123456
L = s Mod 10
x = Log(0.5) / L
MsgBox x

Two computer companies make computers whose power increases: the first computers increase their
power 2T% every two years and the second T% every year. Which computer power grows faster?
Why?

s = 23123456
T = s Mod 100
c2 = Sqr(1 + 2 * T * 0.01)
c1 = 1 + T * 0.01
c12=(1 + T * 0.01/2)*(1 + T * 0.01/2)
MsgBox c1 - c2
MsgBox c12- c1
m=5
For c = 1 to m
MsgBox (1 + T * 0.01/c)^c
Next c

Calculate limit
symbolab.com/solver/limit-calculator

What gives the greater value 0.1T% decay in 2 years or 0.05T % every year? Why?

s = 23123456
T = s Mod 100
c2 = Sqr(1 – 0.1 * T * 0.01)
c1 = 1 + 0.05*T * 0.01
MsgBox c1 - c2

Calculate limit
symbolab.com/solver/limit-calculator

Find relative change for instantaneous change ratio R = -1/T after d 2 + 2 days.
https://calculus12s.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/3/9/25393482/relativeexponentialchange.txt
s = 23123456
T = s Mod 100
L = s Mod 10
d2 = (T - L) / 10
R = -1 / T
x = d2 + 2
MsgBox 1 - Exp(R * x)

Logistic function, Logistic growth, Learning curve:

Calculate logistic function P(t) for i = L+1 and R = t = M = L+2.

Rt
Mi e
P(t )=
M +i ( e Rt −1 )

s = 23123456
L = s Mod 10
i = L + 1
M_BIG = L + 2
r = L + 2
t = L + 2
P = M_BIG * i * Exp(r * t) / (M_BIG + i * Exp(r * t) - 1)
MsgBox P

https://calculus17.weebly.com/uploads/7/7/9/0/77906190/logistic_function_code_26jan2019.txt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_function
Shapes:

Classify shape Tx2 + mxy + Ly2 = 1.

s = 23123456
L = s Mod 10
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
A=T
B=m
C=L
D=B^2-4*A*C
If D < 0 Then MsgBox "ellipse"
If D = 0 Then MsgBox "parabola"
If D > 0 Then MsgBox "hyperbola"

Find the discriminant of the elliptic curve y2 = x3 + Lx + T.

Here L = m10.

D = -16(4L3 + 27T2)

s = 23123456
L = s Mod 10
T = s Mod 100
a=L
b=T
D = -16 * (4 * a * a * a + 27 * b * b)
MsgBox D

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_curve

Question:

Describe your project.

Question:

What do you want from this calculus class?

Differential equations:

Question:

Solve the wave propagation equation for the velocity v = T.

 2 2
2∂ y ( x ,t ) ∂ y ( x ,t )
v =
∂ x2 ∂t 2

Solution: y=sin ( x −vt )

Question:

Harmonic oscillation:

Solve this equation:

Ty'' + Ly = 0

L = m10

http://www.wolframalpha.com

Question:

Ty'' + Ly = sin(ωx)
Find resonant ω.

s = 23123456
L = s Mod 10
T = s Mod 100
omega = Sqr(L / T)
MsgBox omega

https://physics16.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/8/5/59854633/resonant4frequency2019nov.txt
Question:

Vibration with damping:

Solve this equation:

Ty'' + my' + Ly = 0

m = m35
L = m10

http://www.wolframalpha.com

Question:

Forced vibration with damping:

Solve this equation:

Ty'' + my' + Ly = sin(Tx)

Is there resonance?

m = m35
L = m10

http://www.wolframalpha.com

Solve the differential equation Ty'' + my' + Ly = cos(kx), y(0) = 0, y'(0) = 1.

http://www.wolframalpha.com
https://www.emathhelp.net/calculators/differential-equations/differential-equation-calculator/?i=67*y
%27%27%2B+32*y%27+%2B+11*y%3Dcos%289000*x%29%2C+y%280%29%3D0%2C+y
%27%280%29%3D1

Polar, cylindrical, spherical, toroidal coordinates:

Question:
Give equation of T radius circumference in polar coordinates.

Question:

How many petals are there in the flower R = cos(TA)?

https://www.desmos.com/calculator/ms3eghkkgz

Question:

Plot 2 + m2 petals flower in polar coordinates.

Question:

Give equation of circumference of T radius centered at (0, 0) in polar coordinates and in Cartesian
coordinates.

Vectors, tensors:

Question:
Find perpendicular vector to (T, m, L).

Question:
Find parallel vector to (T, m, L).
Question:
Calculate triple product of (T, m, L), (a, s, k), (m7, m9, m17).

Question:
Find dot-product of tensor and vector [ La mT ]( eq)
a = m25
e = m8
L = m10
m = m35
q = m17
T = m100

Dim t(2, 2), v(2), r(2)

s = 23123456

a = s Mod 25
e = s Mod 8
L = s Mod 10
m = s Mod 35
q = s Mod 17
tt = s Mod 100

t(1, 1) = L
t(1, 2) = tt
t(2, 1) = a
t(2, 2) = m

v(1) = e
v(2) = q

r(1) = t(1, 1) * v(1) + t(1, 2) * v(2)

r(2) = t(2, 1) * v(1) + t(2, 2) * v(2)

MsgBox r(1)
MsgBox r(2)

https://calculus17.weebly.com/uploads/7/7/9/0/77906190/tensor_times_vector2019nov.txt

Question:
R is the radius-vector on a circumference. Calculate the dot-products and the cross-product.
m3 = 0: R.R' = . . .
m3 = 1: R'.R'' = . . .
m3 = 2: R×R'' = . . .

Question:
Calculate
m3 = 0: curl(grad)
m3 = 1: div(curl)
m3 = 2: div(grad)

∂ ∂ ∂
∇=i +j + k , curl V = ∇ × V , div V =∇ . V , grad S = ∇ S
∂x ∂ y ∂z

Question:

m5 = 0: Explain Nabla operator.

m5 = 1: Explain divergence.
m5 = 2: Explain curl.
m5 = 3: Explain gradient.
m5 = 4: Explain Maxwell Equations.

Question:
Find these dot-products and corresponding cross-products:
m4 = 0: ij =
m4 = 1: jj =
m4 = 2: kj =
m4 = 3: ki =

Question:
Find these cross-products.
m4 = 0: i×j =
m4 = 1: j×j =
m4 = 2: k×j =
m4 = 3: k×i=

Orthogonal polynomials:

Question:
Expand sin(Tx) in Legendre polynomial series.
Take only terms 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/918/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre_polynomials

sin(56x)/2 from -1 to 1

3*x*sin(56*x)/2 from -1 to 1

5*(3*x^2-1)*sin(56*x)/4 from -1 to 1

7(5*x^3-3x)*sin(56*x)/4 from -1 to 1

9(35*x^4-30x^2+3)*sin(56*x)/16 from -1 to 1
https://www.integral-calculator.com/

Question:
Give the orthogonal polynomials number L.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_polynomials

Complex numbers:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number

Complex numbers add as vectors, subtract as vectors are multiplied by real constant as vectors.
Complex numbers are multiplied as polynomials.

Question:
Calculate: a. i-a b. i-L c. im d. i1/(L+2) e. L+2√ 1
f. a – mi + Li – T g. (a – mi)(Ti – L) h. (m – ai)/(Li – T) j. (k – ni)L
p. (a – mi)1/(L+2) q. in u. i k
w. i L
z. i a

n=s
a = m25.
m = m35.

a.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
a = s Mod 25
exponent = a Mod 4
If exponent = 0 Then MsgBox "i^(-a) =1"
If exponent = 1 Then MsgBox "i^(-a) =-i"
If exponent = 2 Then MsgBox "i^(-a) =-1"
If exponent = 3 Then MsgBox "i^(-a) =i"

b.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
k = s Mod 10000
n=s
exponent = L Mod 4
If exponent = 0 Then MsgBox "i^(-L) =1"
If exponent = 1 Then MsgBox "i^(-L) =-i"
If exponent = 2 Then MsgBox "i^(-L) =-1"
If exponent = 3 Then MsgBox "i^(-L) =i"
c.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
k = s Mod 10000
n=s
exponent = m Mod 4
If exponent = 0 Then MsgBox "i^m =1"
If exponent = 1 Then MsgBox "i^m =i"
If exponent = 2 Then MsgBox "i^m =-1"
If exponent = 3 Then MsgBox "i^m =-i"

d.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

Pi = 4 * Atn(1)

x=0
y=1

R = Sqr(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2)
alpha = Pi / 2

For c = 0 To L + 1

RealComponent = R ^ 1 / (L + 2) * Cos((alpha + 2 * c * Pi) / (L + 2))

ImaginaryComponent = R ^ 1 / (L + 2) * Sin((alpha + 2 * c * Pi) / (L + 2))

MsgBox "RealComponent"
MsgBox "number"
MsgBox c
MsgBox RealComponent

MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent"
MsgBox "number"
MsgBox c
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

Next c

e.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

Pi = 4 * Atn(1)

x=1
y=0

R = Sqr(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2)
alpha = Atn(y / x)

For c = 0 To L + 1

RealComponent = R ^ 1 / (L + 2) * Cos((alpha + 2 * c * Pi) / (L + 2))

ImaginaryComponent = R ^ 1 / (L + 2) * Sin((alpha + 2 * c * Pi) / (L + 2))

MsgBox "RealComponent"
MsgBox "number"
MsgBox c
MsgBox RealComponent

MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent"
MsgBox "number"
MsgBox c
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

Next c

f.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

x1 = a
y1 = -m

x2 = -T
y2 = L

RealComponent = x1 + x2
ImaginaryComponent = y1 + y2

MsgBox "RealComponent="
MsgBox RealComponent
MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent="
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

g.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

x1 = a
y1 = -m

x2 = -L
y2 = T

RealComponent = x1 * x2 - y1 * y2
ImaginaryComponent = x1 * y2 + x2 * y1

MsgBox "RealComponent="
MsgBox RealComponent
MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent="
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

h.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

x1 = m
y1 = -a

x2 = -T
y2 = L

RealComponent = (x1 * x2 + y1 * y2)/( x2 ^ 2 + y2 ^ 2)

ImaginaryComponent = (x2*y1-x1*y2)/(x2 ^ 2 + y2 ^ 2)

MsgBox "RealComponent="
MsgBox RealComponent
MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent="
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

j.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

x=k
y = -n

R = Sqr(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2)
alpha = Atn(y / x)

RealComponent = R ^ L * Cos(L * alpha)

ImaginaryComponent = R ^ L * Sin(L * alpha)

MsgBox "RealComponent="
MsgBox RealComponent
MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent="
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

p.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s
Pi = 4 * Atn(1)

x=a
y = -m

R = Sqr(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2)
alpha = Atn(y / x)

For c = 0 To L + 1

RealComponent = R ^ 1 / (L + 2) * Cos((alpha + 2 * c * Pi) / (L + 2))

ImaginaryComponent = R ^ 1 / (L + 2) * Sin((alpha + 2 * c * Pi) / (L + 2))

MsgBox "RealComponent"
MsgBox "number"
MsgBox c
MsgBox RealComponent

MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent"
MsgBox "number"
MsgBox c
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

Next c

q.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
k = s Mod 10000
n=s
exponent = n Mod 4
If exponent = 0 Then MsgBox "i^n =1"
If exponent = 1 Then MsgBox "i^n =i"
If exponent = 2 Then MsgBox "i^n =-1"
If exponent = 3 Then MsgBox "i^n =-i"

u.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
k = s Mod 10000
exponent = k Mod 4
If exponent = 0 Then MsgBox "i^k =1"
If exponent = 1 Then MsgBox "i^k =i"
If exponent = 2 Then MsgBox "i^k =-1"
If exponent = 3 Then MsgBox "i^k =-i"

w.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
exponent = L Mod 4
If exponent = 0 Then MsgBox "i^L =1"
If exponent = 1 Then MsgBox "i^L =i"
If exponent = 2 Then MsgBox "i^L =-1"
If exponent = 3 Then MsgBox "i^L =-i"

z.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
a = s Mod 25
exponent = a Mod 4
If exponent = 0 Then MsgBox "i^a =1"
If exponent = 1 Then MsgBox "i^a =i"
If exponent = 2 Then MsgBox "i^a =-1"
If exponent = 3 Then MsgBox "i^a =-i"

Complex numbers:
Question:
Find.
a. (m – Ti)m +3
3

T +ℑ
b.
a−Li
c. m +3√ T +mi
3

d. (T+im)(a-Li)
e. (T+im)+(a-Li)
f. (T+im)-(a-Li)

L = m10.
a = m25.
m = m35.
T = m100.

a.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s
m3 = s mod 3
power = 3+m3
x=m
y = -T

R = Sqr(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2)
alpha = Atn(y / x)

RealComponent = R ^ power * Cos(power * alpha)

ImaginaryComponent = R ^ power * Sin(power * alpha)

MsgBox "RealComponent="
MsgBox RealComponent
MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent="
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

b.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

x1 = T
y1 = m

x2 = a
y2 = -L

RealComponent = (x1 * x2 + y1 * y2)/( x2 ^ 2 + y2 ^ 2)

ImaginaryComponent = (x2*y1-x1*y2)/(x2 ^ 2 + y2 ^ 2)

MsgBox "RealComponent="
MsgBox RealComponent
MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent="
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

c.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
m3=s mod 3
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

Pi = 4 * Atn(1)

RootPower = m3+3

x=T
y=m

R = Sqr(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2)
alpha = Atn(y / x)

For c = 0 To RootPower-1

RealComponent = R ^ 1 / (RootPower) * Cos((alpha + 2 * c * Pi) / (RootPower))

ImaginaryComponent = R ^ 1 / (RootPower) * Sin((alpha + 2 * c * Pi) / (RootPower))

MsgBox "RealComponent"
MsgBox "number"
MsgBox c
MsgBox RealComponent

MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent"
MsgBox "number"
MsgBox c
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

Next c

d.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

x1 = T
y1 = m

x2 = a
y2 = -L
RealComponent = x1 * x2 - y1 * y2
ImaginaryComponent = x1 * y2 + x2 * y1

MsgBox "RealComponent="
MsgBox RealComponent
MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent="
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

e.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

x1 = T
y1 = m

x2 = a
y2 = -L

RealComponent = x1 + x2
ImaginaryComponent = y1 + y2

MsgBox "RealComponent="
MsgBox RealComponent
MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent="
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent

f.
s = 23123456
m2 = s Mod 2
L = s Mod 10
a = s Mod 25
m = s Mod 35
T = s Mod 100
k = s Mod 10000
n=s

x1 = T
y1 = m

x2 = a
y2 = -L

RealComponent = x1 - x2
ImaginaryComponent = y1 - y2

MsgBox "RealComponent="
MsgBox RealComponent
MsgBox "ImaginaryComponent="
MsgBox ImaginaryComponent