S1 Look at this beautiful forest,

it seems like a green blanket

covering the mountains,
and it looks smooth and homogeneous.
We see here the northern coastal
temperate rainforest of Alaska
and British Columbia, which is
the world's largest contiguous
coastal temperate rainforest.
Many of the world's largest and tallest
tree species are found in this eco region.
The first survey to systematically
explore
the forest canopy in Vancouver Island's
forest yielded 15000 new species,
a third of all invertebrates known
to exist in all of Canada.
Among the collection were 500 species
previously unknown to science.
These forests have some of the largest
concentration of grizzly bears globally,
mainly due to the region
rich salmon streams.
Indeed, the rivers of the
S1 rainforest of Alaska
and British Columbia are full
of returning Pacific salmon.
The Pacific salmon returned to spawn
and die in its birthplace from dying
salmon, the mighty forest grow.
These expensive, lush forests of the
Pacific Northwest are nourished by
the annual fertilizer boost provided
by the migrating salmon.
So we learn that the beautiful,
seemingly homogeneous forests have evolved
through ages by integrating many
different plants, animals, fungi,
bacteria and viruses to become what we
perceive from far away as one entity
a green blanket covering the
feet of the mountains.
Ten thousand years ago, humans walked
out of the balanced nature.
Inhabitant, where they lived as hunters
and gatherers and pioneered agriculture,
the birth of agriculture also.
The birth of the monoculture
S1 of plants and animals,
it became an industry the monoculture
of wheat, rice,
corn and other staple crops has enabled
humans to grow in numbers quickly.
But at the same time, many other
problems started rising.
Both the agriculture and the industrial
revolutions had significant effect
on humans life and on nature.
By growing huge monoculture fields,
we allowed specialized pests
to devour all crops.
Then Ben invented machinery and toxic
chemicals to fight its own wrongdoing.
Look at these beautiful green
blanket covering the sea,
the axis of nitrogen and
phosphorus molecules,
causing overgrowth of algae
in a short period,
and we can then call them algae blooms.
The overgrowth of algae consumes
oxygen and blocks
S1 the sunlight from underwater plants.
When the algae eventually die, the
oxygen in the water is consumed,
and the lack of oxygen makes it impossible
for aquatic life to survive.
The largest dead zone in the United States
about the size of New Jersey is in
the Gulf of Mexico and occurs every summer
due to nutrient pollution from
the Mississippi River Basin.
Marine and freshwater of the United States
are increasingly impacted by
harmful algae blooms, with blooms
reported in nearly every state.
They caused annual economic losses of
about 100 million dollars in early
November 2021. I received an email from
the National Oceanographic and
Atmospheric Administration
nor announcing a request for proposal
of 15 million dollars in funding
for harmful algae bloom research projects
throughout U.S. Coastal and Great Lakes
waters. On September 17, 2020,
S1 the Environmental Protection Agency EPA
offered over $6 million in funding to
research to find ways to control
and prevent harmful algae blooms in
fiscal years 20 19 through 2021.
Congress provided the United State
Geological Survey USGS with additional
resources to assess harmful algae blooms.
The U.S. is currently funding 24 projects
in 15 geographic area that advance
real time monitoring, remote sensing and
the use of molecular techniques to
identify and predict the occurrence of
the harmful algae blooms and
the toxins they produce.
What is the reason for the
harmful algae blooms?
Today, approximately three billion people.
About half of the world's population live
within 200 kilometers of the coastline.
Worldwide, sewage is the largest source
of environmental contamination,
and discharges have increased dramatically
in the past three decades.
S1 80 percent of marine pollution comes
from land based sources.
The remaining 20 percent comes from
acid rain and oil spills.
So how can we produce healthy
food while keeping
the balance avoiding environmental
pollution?
When I've served as the aquaculture
program coordinator of
the University of Hawaii, I had the
opportunity to meet some of
the Pacific Islanders who were
concerned with food security.
Since over 90 percent of Pacific Islands,
food supply is imported.
They asked the troubling question
What will happen to us all when
the ship stops coming to the island?
Upon the arrival of explorers,
missionaries,
businessmen and we the spread
of colonialism.
Add to it the introduction of
S1 new diseases, exotic plants,
animals and pest and monoculture
agriculture,
such as the sugar cane industry.
The fragile natural balance of
the sustainable food production
system has been broken.
The majority of the flora and
fauna became endangered and
the islanders were exposed to diseases,
not healthy food and drugs,
which decimated the native
human population.
In the past, the Pacific Islanders knew
how to take care of the food supply
and live a balanced life with nature.
I found out this sustainability.
Is it the new idea in old Hawaii?
Sustainability was the Hawaiian
way of living.
They lived healthy life using the natural
resources wisely by creating
a strict system for growing food, by
regulating water use in water quality.
S1 For example, Oahu was divided into
sections like a pie from mountain to
the sea, and each piece
is called a hoop. A.
Found out that the concept
of the Hawaiian, I hope,
included community based sustainability.
All people who live in the Alpaugh can
access resources from the mountain to
the sea management system that relies
on integration rather than
on fragmentation. I hope is based on Pono,
among other valuable traits.
Pono has the concept that whenever an
islander took anything from the land
or sea, something needed to
be replaced in an I hope
the mountains region was used for hunting.
The meat section that was
rich with water was used
for growing Taro Okello in Hawaiian.
The fish was supplied either by fishing
or in fish bonds on the sea.
Shores of the Alpo are with the freshwater
S1 from the springs made
the salty ocean water. Therefore, in 2009,
realizing the need for food security
in the Pacific islands,
taking into consideration the vastness of
the Pacific Ocean and the spread of
the many islands, I was looking for an
aquaculture concept that will serve
as the base for an educational program
that can feed everyone everywhere.
After some research and discussion
with the local communities,
we chose an integrating food production
model called aquaponics.
Aquaponics negates the monoculture
that became.
This started with the birth
of the agricultural
and industrial revolution.
It does so by integrating multiple
and interdependent organisms to produce
food. Why recycling the water?
Aquaponics is an integrated aquaculture
system where fish are fed pellets needs
S1 refining bacteria break down
the dissolved waste that carries toxic
components with nitrogen and phosphorus.
Into nitrates in nitrates, which
the plant utilize as nutrients,
the water is then recirculated
back to the fish.
The roots and plants absorb those
minerals to produce vegetables.
The plants clean the water from harmful
molecules and the water flow back into
the fish, which we use the clear water.
This way, we can enjoy balanced meals
with protein from the fish
and healthy vegetables and fruits,
which supply the needed minerals,
vitamins and fibre to our diet.
The advantage, we realize,
was the flexibility of this system
where one can build it
as do it yourself with minimal cost and
with the participation of family
and community members, or build
a commercial sized operation
S1 that supplies fish
and vegetables to supermarkets with the
support from the vice chancellor
for Research and Graduate Education of
the University of Hawaii at Manoa
and grants from Noah. We
started the project.
My team included a music professor,
Barbara McLane, a farmer,
and his farm manager, Glenn Martinez and
Natalie Kish, and a few students.
Together, we were able to build a hybrid
program both online and hands on.
They taught aquaponics in the
island's local communities.
We were able to introduce the aquaculture
training online learning
program and teach farmers, high school
students and community members,
including local women organizations
throughout the Pacific, in Hawaii,
American Samoa, Marshall Islands,
Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands,
Guam, Bilbao in the Philippines.
S1 For example, on Rota, an island
in the Commonwealth of
the Northern Mariana Islands,
five workers completed the hands on
8Ll project and opened a centre
for aquaponics training. They constructed
in rota three different types of
aquaponics models and taught the
mayor's request every farmer
and high school students on the island.
By 2013, at least five commercial scale
aquaponics form were started in Hawaii,
growing a variety of vegetables and fish.
The most viable products were
leathers and tilapia,
which favor Hawaii's mild tropical weather
and are therefore traded in
the supermarkets year-round.
In 2020, the global aquaponics market size
is valued at 580 to $630 million.
The mono culture concept entered also
the marine in offshore aquaculture,
be cages with only one species,
usually carnivorous fish,
S1 such as salmon sable fish in the temperate
zone in cobia and Sebas
and Seabury in the tropical
and subtropical zones.
Fish are way more efficient cores
than any farmed animal
because they don't need to resist
gravity in the water.
They don't need to invest energy to
regulate their body temperature.
The problem is that the fish excrete about
70 percent of the nitrogen from
the rich protein diet that they eat
to the surrounding environment.
These marine finfish growing high density
while the waste is being poured through
the cages into the surrounding water
with the thought that dilution is
the solution. So how not use monoculture
in offshore aquaculture?
The answer is IMT integrated multi
trophic aquaculture, or IMT,
is a scientific way to say poly culture.
It involves the culture of different
S1 species alongside each other,
but not just randomly chosen.
Each species has its unique ability
and plays an important role.
The IMT eight concept relies
on several trophic levels,
starting with a feeder species
the marine finfish,
which excrete nitrogen and phosphorus
into the surrounding
to get rid of the nitrogen and phosphorus.
We need to grow in the same environment
extractive inorganic feeders such
as microalgae. A good example is kelp,
which can be used for biomass,
carbon sequencer, animal feed and more.
Adding fuel to feed organisms such
as mussel and scallops will clean
the organic matter that comes
oozes out of the cages.
And last but not least, it is essential
to add deposit feeders such
as sea cucumbers, sea urchins
and sea worms,
S1 which usually feed on the leftovers
at the bottom of
the ocean by converting inorganic
and organic molecules in waste particles
into sustainable growth of plants,
shellfish and benthic species
added to the finfish.
We can produce a better balance ecosystem
while providing additional income to
the diversified crops for the farmers.
This way, we are mimicking the
recycling in the rainforest,
and nothing goes to waste while
maintaining this cycle of life from
the endless universe with
its numerous stars to
the humble ATO with its
revolving particles.
Balance is kept by integrating matters.
We who evolve from Stardust must keep
our actions in tune with nature
and stop creating disastrous
disturbances that threaten
the existence of our future generations.
S1 Thank you for allowing me to
share my thoughts with you.