Master of Business Administration
Master of Business Administration
Master of Business Administration
Q-1Explain the four processes of Social Learning Theory Social learning theory extends behaviourism. Both behaviourism and social learning theory agree that experience is an important cause of learning. They also include the concepts of reinforcement and punishment in their explanation of behaviour. Furthermore, they agree that feedback is important in promoting learning (Eggen and Kaucak, 2007). Observational Learning Most of the principles of the social learning theory were developed by Bandura (Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2007). Social learning theory believes that students learn by observing or watching and imitating other people. This process is called modelling or observational learning. According to Hinrichs, Observational learning is so common and so powerful Hinrichs, 2004 One of the most important examples is the effect of watching violent media has on Figure
The newer version of social learning theory is called the social cognitive theory. The change is due to a greater emphasis on cognitive processes in learning. According to Bandura; There are 4 processes involved in observational learning. These include attention, retention, production, and motivation Process 1- Attention
Before students can imitate a models behavior, they must pay attention to what the model is doing or saying. For example, seeing a teacher writing from the same perspective as the student see their own makes observational learning easier.
Process 2- Retention
To produce a models action, students must be able to store the models action in their memory for future retrieval. Students retention will be improved when a teacher gives vivid, logical, and clear demonstrations.
Process 3- Production
To attending and remembering, students must be physically capable of reproducing the models action. Here, the students need a lot of practice, feedback, and coaching before they can reproduce the models action
Process 4 Motivation The students must be motivated to demonstrate the models action. Reinforcement can be use to encourage observational learning. For example, a teacher can use direct reinforcement such as saying Good work! Alternatively, a teacher may want to use vicarious reinforcement. In this case, a student may simply see other students being reinforced for a particular behavior and then he increases his own production of that behavior.