‭ ssignment 1: Probability and Statistics‬

A
‭2024-2025 (Odd Semester): Department of Computer Science and Engineering‬

‭1.‬ ‭An‬ ‭insurance‬ ‭company‬ ‭insured‬ ‭2000‬ ‭scooter‬‭drivers,‬ ‭4000‬ ‭car‬‭drivers‬‭and‬ ‭6000‬ ‭truck‬‭drivers.‬
‭The‬‭probability‬‭of‬‭an‬‭accident‬‭involving‬‭a‬‭scooter‬‭driver‬‭is‬‭0.‬ ‭01‬‭,‬‭a‬‭car‬‭driver‬‭is‬‭0.‬ ‭03‬‭and‬‭a‬‭truck‬
‭driver‬‭is‬ ‭0.‬ ‭15‬‭.‬‭If‬‭one‬‭of‬‭an‬‭insured‬‭person‬‭meets‬‭with‬‭an‬‭accident,‬‭what‬‭is‬‭the‬‭probability‬‭that‬‭he‬
‭is a car driver?‬

‭2.‬ ‭A‬‭bin‬‭contains‬‭5‬‭defective‬‭(that‬‭immediately‬‭fail‬‭when‬‭put‬‭in‬‭use),‬‭10‬‭partially‬‭defective‬‭(that‬‭fail‬
‭after‬ ‭a‬‭couple‬‭of‬‭hours‬‭of‬‭use),‬‭25‬‭acceptable‬‭transistors.‬‭A‬‭transistor‬‭is‬‭chosen‬‭at‬‭random‬‭from‬
‭the bin and put into use. If it does not immediately fail, what is the probability it is acceptable?‬

‭3.‬ ‭A random variable X has the following probability function:‬

‭Value‬ ‭of‬ ‭0‬ ‭1‬ ‭2‬ ‭3‬ ‭4‬ ‭5‬ ‭6‬ ‭7‬
‭X =‬‭𝑥‬‭𝑖‬

( )
‭𝑝‬ ‭𝑥‬‭𝑖‬ ‭0‬ ‭𝑘‬ ‭2‭𝑘
‬‬ ‭2‭𝑘
‬‬ ‭3‭𝑘
‬‬ ‭2‬
‭𝑘‬ ‭2‭𝑘
‭2‬
‬‬ ‭7‭𝑘
‭2‬
‬ ‬ + ‭𝑘‬

‭a)‬ ‭Find‬‭𝑘‬‭,‬
‭b)‬ ‭Evaluate‬‭𝑃(‬ ‭𝑋‬ < ‭6)‬ ‭,‬‭𝑃(‬ ‭𝑋‬‭≥6‬)‭,‬
‭‬
1
‭c)‬ ‭If‬‭𝑃(‬ ‭𝑋‬‭≤‭𝑎
‬ )‬ > ‭2‬
‭, find the minimum value of‬‭𝑎‭,‬‬

‭d)‬ ‭Determine the distribution function of‬‭𝑋‭.‬‬

‭4.‬ ‭Suppose‬ ‭that‬ ‭two‬ ‭dimensional‬ ‭continuous‬ ‭random‬ ‭variable‬ ‭(X,Y)‬ ‭has‬ ‭joint‬ ‭probability‬ ‭density‬
‭function given by:‬

‭2‬
‭𝑓(‬ ‭𝑥‬, ‭𝑦‬) = {‭6‭𝑥
‬ ‬ ‭𝑦‬, ‭‭‬‬‭‭‬‬‭‭‬‬‭‭0
‬ ‬ < ‭𝑥‬ < ‭1‬, ‭‬‭0‬ < ‭𝑦‬ < ‭1,‬ ‭‬‭0‬, ‭‬‭‭‬‬‭‬‭‬‭‭‬‬‭‬‭‬‭‭‬‬‭‬‭‬‭‭‬‬‭‬‭‬‭‭‬‬‭𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒‬. ‭‬

‭a)‬ ‭Verify‬

‭1‬ ‭1‬
∫ ∫ ‭𝑓(‬ ‭𝑥‬, ‭𝑦‬)‭𝑑𝑥‬‭‭𝑑
‬ 𝑦‬ = ‭1.‬
‭0‬ ‭0‬
 ‭‬
3 ‭1‬
‭b)‬ ‭Find‬‭𝑃(‬ ‭0‬ < ‭𝑋‬ < ‭4‬
, ‭‭‬‬‭‬ ‭3‬ < ‭𝑌‬ < ‭2‬)‭,‬

‭c)‬ ‭𝑃(‬ ‭𝑋‬ + ‭𝑌‬ < ‭1)‬ ‭,‬

‭d)‬ ‭𝑃(‬ ‭𝑋‬ > ‭𝑌‬) ‭and‬
‬ ‬ < ‭2)‬ ‭.‬
‭e)‬ ‭𝑃(‬ ‭𝑋‬ < ‭1‭‬‬‭‬‭|‬‭‭𝑌

‭5.‬ ‭Given a standard normal distribution, find the value of k such that‬
‭a)‬ ‭P(Z > k)=0.3015 and‬
‭b)‬ ‭P(k < Z < −0.18) = 0.4197.‬

‭6.‬ ‭A‬‭certain‬‭machine‬‭makes‬‭electrical‬‭resistors‬‭having‬‭a‬‭mean‬‭resistance‬‭of‬‭40‬‭ohms‬‭and‬‭a‬‭standard‬
‭deviation‬ ‭of‬ ‭2‬ ‭ohms.‬ ‭Assuming‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭resistance‬ ‭follows‬ ‭a‬ ‭normal‬ ‭distribution‬ ‭and‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬
‭measured‬ ‭to‬ ‭any‬ ‭degree‬ ‭of‬ ‭accuracy,‬ ‭what‬ ‭percentage‬ ‭of‬ ‭resistors‬ ‭will‬ ‭have‬ ‭a‬ ‭resistance‬
‭exceeding 43 ohms?‬

‭7.‬ ‭Suppose‬ ‭that‬ ‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭known‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭number‬ ‭of‬ ‭items‬ ‭produced‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭factory‬ ‭during‬ ‭a‬ ‭week‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬
‭random‬ ‭variable‬ ‭with‬ ‭mean‬ ‭50.‬ ‭What‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭said‬ ‭about‬ ‭the‬ ‭probability‬ ‭that‬ ‭this‬ ‭week’s‬
‭production‬ ‭will‬ ‭exceed‬ ‭75?‬ ‭If‬ ‭the‬ ‭variance‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭week’s‬ ‭production‬ ‭is‬ ‭known‬ ‭to‬ ‭equal‬‭25,‬‭then‬
‭what can be said about the probability that this week’s production will be between 40 and 60?‬

‭8.‬ ‭Assume‬ ‭that‬ ‭50%‬ ‭of‬ ‭all‬ ‭engineering‬ ‭students‬ ‭are‬ ‭good‬ ‭in‬ ‭Mathematics.‬ ‭Determine‬ ‭the‬
‭probabilities that among 18 engineering students‬

‭a)‬ ‭exactly 10‬

‭b)‬ ‭at least 10‬
‭c)‬ ‭at most 8‬
‭d)‬ ‭at least 2 and at most 9 are good in mathematics.‬

‭9.‬ ‭In‬‭a‬‭book‬‭of‬‭520‬‭pages,‬‭390‬‭typo-graphical‬‭errors‬‭occur.‬‭Assuming‬‭Poisson‬‭law‬‭for‬‭the‬‭number‬
‭of errors per page, find the probability that a random sample of 5 pages will contain no error.‬

‭10.‬‭In‬ ‭a‬ ‭precision‬ ‭bombing‬ ‭attack‬ ‭there‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭50%‬ ‭chance‬ ‭that‬ ‭any‬ ‭one‬ ‭bomb‬ ‭will‬‭strike‬‭the‬‭target.‬
‭Two‬‭direct‬‭hits‬‭are‬‭required‬‭to‬‭destroy‬‭the‬‭target‬‭completely.‬‭How‬‭many‬‭bombs‬‭must‬‭be‬‭dropped‬
‭to give a 99% chance or better of completely destroying the target?‬