PMT

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
*6901396319*

BIOLOGY 9700/22
Paper 2 Structured Questions AS October/November 2009
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Electronic calculator
Ruler (cm/mm)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

For Examiner’s Use

Total

This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

DC (SLM/SW) 14803/3
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Answer all the questions. For

Examiner’s
Use

1 (a) Cell surface membranes are involved with the movement of substances into and out of
cells.

Calcium pumps in cell surface membranes maintain a concentration of calcium ions

inside the cytoplasm that is a thousand times lower than outside the cell.

Fig. 1.1 shows the movement of calcium ions across a cell surface membrane.

outside cell calcium ion

cytoplasm

Fig. 1.1

With reference to Fig. 1.1,

(i) explain why calcium ions do not pass through the phospholipid bilayer;

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(ii) name and describe the process by which calcium ions are moved across the For
membrane. Examiner’s
Use

name ........................................................................................................................

description ................................................................................................................

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(b) Phagocytosis is the process by which bacteria are ingested by cells.

Describe the role of the cell surface membrane during phagocytosis.

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(c) Phagocytic cells contain many lysosomes.

Describe the function of lysosomes in destroying ingested bacterial cells.

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[Total: 12]

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2 Sucrase is the enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of sucrose. A student investigated the For
effect of substrate concentration on the activity of this enzyme. Examiner’s
Use

Six test-tubes were set up each containing 10 cm3 of different concentrations of sucrose
solutions. The test-tubes were left in a water bath at 30 °C for ten minutes.

After ten minutes, 5 cm3 of a sucrase solution at 30 °C was added to each test-tube and the
reaction mixtures were stirred.

After a further five minutes, the temperature of the water-bath was raised to above 85 °C
and the same volume of Benedict’s solution added to each test-tube in turn. The student
recorded the time when a green colour first became visible in each test-tube.

The concentrations used and the student’s results are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

concentration of time taken for green

sucrose / g dm–3 colour to appear / s
5 278
10 145
15 95
20 75
50 47
100 45

(a) Explain why the temperature of the water-bath was raised to above 85 °C.

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(b) Use the axes below to sketch a graph to show the effect of substrate concentration on For
the rate of hydrolysis of sucrose by sucrase. Examiner’s
Use

rate of
hydrolysis

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
concentration of sucrose / g dm–3

[2]

(c) With reference to the student’s results, describe and explain the effect of increasing
substrate concentration on the rate of hydrolysis of sucrose by sucrase.

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[Total: 9]

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3 (a) Explain why it is important that the daughter cells produced during a mitotic cell cycle in For
humans are genetically identical. Examiner’s
Use

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(b) Name two factors that increase the chance that a cancer cell will develop.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Fig. 3.1 shows a cancer cell in the process of cell division.

Fig. 3.1

With reference to Fig. 3.1,

(i) state the stage of cell division;

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(ii) describe what is happening to the cell during this stage of cell division; For
Examiner’s
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(iii) describe how these cells develop into a tumour.

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[Total: 10]

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4 A leafy twig was cut from a tree and the cut end immediately placed into water. The twig was For
then put into a potometer to measure the uptake of water. The potometer was placed on a Examiner’s
balance to record changes in mass. Use

Fig. 4.1 shows the rate of water uptake and the rate of mass loss over a period of 24 hours.
The graph also shows when it was light and when it was dark.

rate of mass loss rate of water uptake

/ g h–1 / g h–1
6 6
dark light dark

5 5

4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1

0 0
0000 0400 0800 1200 1600 2000 2400

time / h

Key
rate of mass loss
rate of water uptake

Fig. 4.1

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(a) (i) Explain how water was lost from the leaves of the leafy twig. For
Examiner’s
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(ii) With reference to Fig. 4.1, describe how the rates of water uptake and water loss
change during the 24 hour period.

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(b) Explain the mechanism by which water is transported in the xylem of the leafy twig while
in the potometer.

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[Total: 10]

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5 Candida albicans is a yeast-like fungus that lives in human lungs. It is the causative agent of For
one of the opportunistic infections that may develop during AIDS. Examiner’s
Use

C. albicans is eukaryotic. Fig. 5.1 shows its structure.

L H
K J

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) Name H to L.

H ...............................................................................................................................

J ................................................................................................................................

K ...............................................................................................................................

L ........................................................................................................................... [4]

(ii) State two ways in which the structure of a prokaryotic cell differs from that shown
in Fig. 5.1.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

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(b) C. albicans uses a transport protein, TMP1, to absorb sugar molecules from the inside For
of the mouth. TMP1 is encoded by a gene within the nucleus and is produced when Examiner’s
sugars are present in the surroundings. Use

Explain how the structures within the cell shown in Fig. 5.1, are involved with the
production of functioning TMP1.

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[Total: 10]

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6 (a) Explain what is meant by the term community. For

Examiner’s
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Fig. 6.1 shows the flow of energy through a woodland. All figures are in kJ m–2 per week.

light energy absorbed by producers

65 800
energy trapped by producers and
72 900
converted to biomass
2946

80

31
primary consumers
leaf litter
energy loss
13 in
respiration
15 8
secondary consumers

153
3

110
decomposers

Fig. 6.1

(b) (i) Calculate the energy trapped by the producers and converted to biomass as a
percentage of the light energy absorbed.

Express your answer to the nearest 0.1%.

Show your working.

Answer ............................................. % [2]

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(ii) Suggest, in terms of energy flow, why there are no tertiary consumers in the For
woodland. Examiner’s
Use

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(iii) Leaf litter is composed of dead leaves and twigs. The total energy in the leaf litter
was 15 899 kJ m–2 but only 153 kJ m–2 per week is transferred to decomposers.
When animal wastes rich in nitrogen were mixed with the leaf litter the energy flow
to decomposers increased significantly.

Suggest why the addition of animal wastes rich in nitrogen increased the energy
flow to decomposers.

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[Total: 9]

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Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 3 Fig. 3.1 © M122/283; Breast cancer cells, SEM; Science Photo Library.

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
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