Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)

Problem Set 1 – 2
Text: Bowen, Prichett & Saber
Solutions: Muhammad Shamim
Find the equation (in slope-intercept form, if possible) of the
line passing through the given point and having the given
slope:
1 (3, 4), slope 3.

Solution: Given Passing point (x, y)  (3, 4)

Slope (m) = 3.

Let the equation be y = mx + c.

Putting the values of x, y and m, we get
y = mx + c
 4 = 3(3) + c
 4=9+c
 4–9=c
 –5=c
 c=–5

 Required equation is y = mx + c
 y = 3x – 5 (Ans)

2 (– 5, 6), slope – 1.

Solution: Given Passing point  (- 5, 6)

Slope (m) = – 1

Let the equation be y = mx + c

55
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
 y = mx + c
 6 = - 1(- 5) + c
 c=1
Req. equation is y = - x + 1 (Ans)

3 (– 2, 4), slope – 2/3.

Solution: Given Passing point  (- 2, 6)

Slope (m) = – 2/3
Let the equation be y = mx + c
 y = mx + c
 6 = - 2/3(- 2) + c
 c = 14/3
Req. equation is y = - 2/3x + 14/3 (Ans)

4 (1, – 4), slope 1/2.

Solution: Given (1, - 4) , slope ½.

Let the equation be y = mx + c

 y = mx + c
 - 4 = 1/2(1) + c
 c = - 9/2
Req. equation is y = 1/2x – 9/2 (Ans)

5 (– 3, – 8), slope 0.

Solution: Given (- 3, - 8) , slope 0.

Let the equation be y = mx + c
 y = mx + c
 - 8 = 0(- 3) + c
 c=-8
Req. equation is y = (0)x – 8 or y = – 8 (Ans)

6 (2, 7), slope – 1/6.

56
 Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)
Solution: Given (2, 7) , slope - 1/6.

Let the equation be y = mx + c

 y = mx + c
 7 = – 1/6 (2) + c
 c = 22/3
Req. equation is y = - 1/6x + 22/3 (Ans)

7 (– 5, – 8), slope 13.

Solution: Given (- 5, - 8) , slope 13.

Let the equation be y = mx + c
 y = mx + c
 - 8 = 13(- 5) + c
 c = 57
Req. equation is y = 13x + 57 (Ans)

8 (0, 0), slope 0.

Solution: Given (0, 0) , slope 0.

Let the equation be y = mx + c
 y = mx + c
 0 = 0(0) + c
 c=0
Req. equation is y = (0)x + 0 or y = 0 (Ans)

9 (5, 2), vertical.

Solution: Given (5, 2) , vertical.

Let the equation of a vertical line be x = k
 x=k
 5=k
 k=5
Req. equation is x = 5 (Ans)
57
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
10 (0, 0), vertical.
Solution: Given (0, 0) , vertical.
Let the equation of a vertical line be x = k

 x=k
 0=k
 k=0
Req. equation is x = 0 (Ans)

11 (3, 4), slope 0.

Solution: Given (3, 4) , slope 0.

Let the equation be y = mx + c
 y = mx + c
 4 = 0(3) + c
 c=4
Req. equation is y = (0)x + 4 or y = 4 (Ans)

12 (4, – 3), slope 5.

Solution: Given (4, - 3) , slope 5.

Let the equation be y = mx + c
 y = mx + c
 - 3 = 5(4) + c
 c = - 23
Req. equation is y = 5x – 23 (Ans)

Find the equation (in slope-intercept form, if possible) of the

line passing through each of the given pairs of points:
13 (4, 6), (– 3, 7).
Solution: Given A  (4, 6), B  (- 3, 7)
Req. equation in slope-intercept form is

58
 Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x4 y6
 
43 67
x4 y6
 
7 1
 7y – 42 = – x + 4
 7y = – x + 46
 y = – 1/7 x + 46/7 (Ans)

14 (– 5, 3), (2, 9).

Solution: Given A  (- 5, 3), B  (2, 9)

Req equation in slope-intercept form is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x5 y3
 
5 2 39
x 5 y3
 
7 6
 - 7y + 21 = – 6x – 30
 - 7y = – 6x – 51
 y = 6/7 x + 51/7 (Ans)

15 (1, 1), (3, 3).

Solution: Given A  (1, 1), B  (3, 3)
Req equation in slope-intercept form is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x 1 y 1
 
1 3 1 3
x 1 y 1
 
1 1
 y–1=x– 1
 y = x (Ans)

16 (– 2, – 4), (– 1, 5).

59
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
Solution: Given A  (- 2, - 4), B  (- 1, 5)
Req equation in slope-intercept form is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x2 y4
 
 2 1  4  5
x2 y4
 
1 9
 y + 4 = 9x + 18
 y = 9x + 14 (Ans)
17 (0, 0), (2, 3).
Solution: Given A  (0, 0), B  (2, 3)
Req equation in slope-intercept form is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x 0 y0
 
02 03
x y
 
2 3
x y
 
2 3
 2y = 3x
 y = 3/2x (Ans)

18 (2, 4), (– 3, 4).

Solution: Given A  (2, 4), B  (- 3, 4)

Req equation in slope-intercept form is

x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x2 y4
 
23 44
x2 y4
 
5 0
 5y – 20 = 0

60
 Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)
 5y = 20
 y = 4 (Ans)

19 (1/3, – 1/2), (2, – 3).

Solution: Given A  (1/3, - 1/2), B  (2, - 3)
Req equation in slope-intercept form is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x 1/ 3 y  1/ 2
 
1/ 3  2 1/ 2  3
x  1/ 3 y  1/ 2
 
 5/3 5/ 2
 - 5/3(y + 1/2) = 5/2(x – 1/3)
 - 5/3y - 5/6 = 5/2x – 5/6
 - 5/3y = 5/2x
 - 1/3y = 1/2x
 y = - 3/2x (Ans)

20 (– 7, 2), (– 7, – 8).
Solution: Given A  (- 7, 2), B  (- 7, - 8)
Req equation in slope-intercept form is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x7 y2
 
77 28
x7 y2
 
0 10
 10x + 70 = 0
 10x = – 70
 x = – 7 (Ans)

21 (3, 5), (1, 4).

Solution: Given A  (3, 5), B  (1, 4)

Req equation in slope-intercept form is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2

61
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
x 3 y5
 
3 1 5  4
x 3 y5
 
2 1
 2y – 10 = x – 3
 2y = x + 7
 y = 1/2x + 7/2 (Ans)

22 (3, 5), (– 4, 5).

Solution: Given A  (3, 5), B  (- 3, 5)

Req equation in slope-intercept form is

x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x3 y5
 
33 55
x 3 y5
 
6 0
 6y – 30 = 0
 6y = 30
 y = 5 (Ans)

23 (6, 0), (10, 0).

Solution: Given A  (6, 0), B  (10, 0)
Req equation in slope-intercept form is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x 6 y0
 
6  10 0  0
x6 y
 
4 0
 – 4y = 0
 y = 0 (Ans)

24 (– 3, – 2), (4, – 7).

Solution: Given A  (- 3, - 2), B  (4, - 7)

62
 Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)
Req equation in slope-intercept form is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x 3 y2
 
34 27
x 3 y2
 
7 5
 - 7y – 14 = 5x + 15
 - 7y = 5x + 29
 y = - 5/7x – 29/7 (Ans)

25 Write the equation of the x-axis.

Solution: We know, equation of x-axis has no y value.
 Req. equation of x-axis is y = 0 (Ans)

26 Write the equation of the y-axis.

Solution: We know, equation of y-axis has no x value.

 Req. equation of y-axis is x = 0 (Ans)

27 On the line passing through (2, 3) and (– 5, 6), what is the y-

coordinate of the point where x = 17?
Solution: Given A  (2, 3), B  (- 5, 6)
Equation of line AB is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x 2 y3
 
25 36
x 2 y3
 
7 3
 7y – 21 = - 3x + 6
 7y = - 3x + 27
 y = - 3/7x + 27/7

When x = 17, then

y = - 3/7x + 27/7

63
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
= - 3/7(17) + 27/7
= - 24/7 (Ans)
28 On the line of slope – 2 passing through (3, 7), what is the x-
coordinate of the point where x = 17?
Solution: Given (3, 7) , slope - 2
Let the equation be y = mx + c
 y = mx + c
 7 = - 2(3) + c
 c = 13
Req. equation is y = - 2x + 13

When y = 17, then

y = - 2x + 13
 17 = - 2x + 13
 2x = - 4
 x = - 2 (Ans)

29 What is the equation of the vertical line that passes through (– 6, 3)?
Solution: Given (- 6, 3) , vertical.
Let the equation of a vertical line be x = k
 x=k
 –6=k
 k=–6

Req. equation is x = – 6 (Ans)

30 (a) What is the equation of the horizontal line that passes through (– 6, 3)?
(b) A curve showing profit (vertical) and number of units
produced and sold (horizontal) rises smoothly to a peak and then
declines as we move to the right. The peak is at (100, 500). What is
the equation of the tangent line at the peak? What is the significance
of this equation? You may make a sketch labeling the axes, showing
a curve that has a rounded peak.
Solution: (a) Given (- 6, 3) , horizontal.
Let the equation be y = k
 y=k
64
 Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)
 3=k
 k=3
Req. equation is y = 3 (Ans)

(b) We know, the tangent is the horizontal line.

Given (100, 500) , horizontal.

Let the equation be y = k

 y=k
 500 = k
 k = 500

Req. equation is y = 500 (Ans)

It shows the maximum profit is $500.

31 (a) What is the equation of the line parallel to, and 5 units above,
the x-axis?
(b) What is the equation of the line parallel to, and 10 units to the
left of, the y-axis?
Solution: (a) The equation of a line parallel to x-axis, and to 5 units
above is
y=k
 5=k
 k=5

Req. equation is y = k
 y = 5 (Ans)

(b) The equation of a line parallel to y-axis, and to 10 units left is

x = k
 - 10 = k
 k = - 10

Req. equation is x = k
 x = - 10 (Ans)

32 A sales (x) change from $100 to $400, selling expense (y) changes
from $75 to $150. Assume that the given data establish the
relationship between sales and selling expense as the two change,
65
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
and assume that the relationship is linear. Find the equation of the
relationship.

Solution: Given x1 = 100, x2 = 400, y1 = 75, y2 = 150

Req equation of the relationship is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x  100 y  75
 
100  400 75  150
x  100 y  75
 
4 1
 4y – 300 = x – 100
 4y = x – 200
 y = 0.25x + 50 (Ans)

33 As the number of units manufactured increases from 100 to 200,

manufacturing cost (total) increases from $350 to $650. Assume that
the given data establish the relationship between cost (y) and
number of units made (x), and assume that the relationship is linear.
Find the equation of the relationship.

Solution: Given x1 = 100, x2 = 200, y1 = 350, y2 = 650

Req equation of the relationship is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x  100 y  350
 
100  200 350  650
x  100 y  350
 
1 3
 y – 350 = 3x – 300
 y = 3x + 50 (Ans)
34 If the relationship between total cost and number of units made is
linear, and if cost increases by $3 for each additional unit made, and
if the total cost of 10 units is $40, find the equation of the
relationship between total cost (y) and number of units made (x).
Solution: Given slope = 3, x = 10, y = 40.
66
 Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)
Let the equation be y = mx + c
 y = mx + c
 40 = 3(10) + c
 c = 10

Req. equation is y = 3x + 10 (Ans)

35 (a) If taxi fare (y) is 50 cents plus 20 cents per quarter mile, write
the equation relating fare to number of miles traveled, m.
(b) The weekly earnings of a salesman are $50 plus 10 percent of
the retail value of the goods be sells. Write the equation for earnings,
E, in terms of sales volume, V. What is the slope of this line called?
Solution: (a) Given c = 50% = 0.50, m = 20%  4 = 0.80.
Let the equation be y = mx + c
 y = mx + c
 y = 0.80x + 0.50

Req. equation is y = 0.80x + 0.50 (Ans)

(b) Given c = 50, m = 10% = 0.10.

Let the equation be E = mV + c
 E = mV + c
 E = 0.10V + 50

Req. equation is E = 0.10V + 50 (Ans)

 Slope = Rate of commission. (Ans)

Mark (T) for true or (F) for false:

36 ( ) The horizontal line through (5, 6) has the equation x = 5.
Solution: The statement is false (F).
Explanation: We know, the equation of a horizontal line is y = k or y =
6. Thus x = 5 is not the equation of the horizontal in this case.

37 ( ) The equation of the x-axis is y = 0.

67
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
Solution: The statement is true (T).

Explanation: We know, the equation of the x-axis has no y value. Thus

the equation of the x-axis is y = 0.

38 ( ) The slope of the line through (4, 6) and (5, 9) is greater than
the slope of the line through (0, 0) and (1, 2).
Solution: The statement is true (T).
Explanation: Here slope of the line joining (4, 6) and (5, 9) is
y 2  y1 9  6 3
m1 =   3
x 2  x1 5  4 1

and the slope of the line joining (0, 0) and (1, 2) is

y 2  y1 2  0 2
m1 =   2
x 2  x1 1  0 1
Thus m1 > m2.

39 ( ) The equation of the x-axis is x = 0.

Solution: The statement is false (F).

Explanation: We know, the equation of the x-axis has no y value. Thus

the equation of the x-axis is y = 0, but not x = 0.

40 ( ) The x-intercept of 3x – 2y = 12 is – 6.
Solution: The statement is false (F).

Explanation: Given 3x – 2y = 12
 3x = 2y + 12
 x = 2/3y + 4
Thus x-intercept (c) = 4.

41 ( ) The slope of 2x + 3y = 6 is – 2/3.

Solution: The statement is true (T).

Explanation: Given 2x + 3y = 6
 3y = – 2x + 6

68
 Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)
 x = – 2/3x + 2
Thus slope (m) = – 2/3.

Graph the following lines, using intercepts:

42 y = – x + 6.
Solution: Given y = – x + 6
x =–y+6
Here x-intercept (x) = 6

Again, y=–x+6
Here y-intercept (y) = 6

Cutting x-axis at x = 6, and y-axis at y = 6, we get the following figure:

y-axix

2 4 6 x-axix
fig: Graph of y = – x + 6

43 y = 1.5x – 6.
Solution: Given y = 1.5x – 6
 1.5x = y + 6
 x = 0.67y + 4
Here x-intercept (x) = 4

Again, y = 1.5x – 6
Here y-intercept (y) = – 6

Cutting x-axis at x = 4, and y-axis at y = – 6, we get the following figure:

(Please see FIGURE D on text book page 985.)

69
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
44 y = 0.4x + 1.2.
Solution: Given y = 0.4x + 1.2
 0.4x = y – 1.2
 x = 2.5y – 3
Here x-intercept (x) = – 3

Again, y = 0.4x + 1.2

Here y-intercept (y) = 1.2

Cutting x-axis at x = – 3, and y-axis at y = 1.2, we get the following

figure:
(Please see FIGURE E on text book page 985.)
45 y = x – 4.
Solution: Given y =x–4
 x =y+4
Here x-intercept (x) = 4

Again, y =x–4
Here y-intercept (y) = – 4

Cutting x-axis at x = 4, and y-axis at y = – 4, we get the following figure:

(Please see FIGURE F on text book page 985.)
46 y = (– 7/6)x + 1/2.
Solution: Given y = (– 7/6)x + 1/2
 7/6x = – y + 1/2
 x = – 6/7y + 3/7
Here x-intercept (x) = 3/7

Again, y = (– 7/6)x + 1/2

Here y-intercept (y) = 1/2

Cutting x-axis at x = 3/7, and y-axis at y = 1/2, we get the following

figure:
(Please see FIGURE G on text book page 985.)

70
 Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)
What is the slope of each of the following lines?
47 3x – 2y = 7.

Solution: Given 3x – 2y = 7
 2y = 3x – 7
 y = 3/2x + 7/2

 Required slope (m) = 3/2 [Ans.]

48 x + y = 2.
Solution: Given x + y = 2
 y=–x+2
 y = (– 1)x + 2
 Required slope (m) = – 1 [Ans.]

49 2x – 6y = 5.

Solution: Given 2x – 6y = 5
 6y = 2x – 5
 y = 1/3x – 5/6

 Required slope (m) = 1/3 [Ans.]

50 x – y = 0.

Solution: Given x – y = 0
 y=x+0
 y = (1)x + 0

 Required slope (m) = 1 [Ans.]

51 (a) A pound of Food A contains 8 ounces of a nutrient, and a

pound of Food B contains 12 ounces of the nutrient. Write the
expression that must be satisfied if x pounds of A and y pounds of B
are to provide 96 ounces of nutrient.
(b) What is the substitution rate of A per pound of B?
(c) What is the substitution rate of B per pound of A?

71
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
Solution: Given A’s portion = 8x
B’s portion = 12y
Total nutrient = 96

(a) We know, A’s portion + B’s portion = Total nutrient

 8x + 12y = 96 (Ans)

A's portion 12
(b) Req. substitution rate of A =   1.5 (Ans)
B' s portion 8

B's portion 8 2
(c) Req. substitution rate of B =   (Ans)
A' s portion 12 3

52 What is the equation of the line that has a slope of 2 and a y-

intercept of – 6?
Solution: Given slope (m) = 2,
y-intercept(y) = - 6.
Let the equation be y = mx + c
For y-intercept, x = 0.
 y = mx + c
 - 6 = 2(0) + c
 c=-6

Req. equation is y = 2x – 6 (Ans)

53 If a straight-line equation is in the form

Ax + By + C = 0
and B  0, then the slope is – A/B; that is, the negative of the ratio of
the coefficient of x to the coefficient of y. Why is this statement true?
Solution:
x's portion A
Ratio of x is to y = 
y's portion B
A
Since slope is negative, required slope = 
B
So the statement is true. (Ans)

72
 Linear Equations & Functions (Problem Set 1 – 2)
54 If total cost is y an number of units is x, what expression
represents a constant cost per unit? What equation would replace
the statement that cost per unit is $3? What is the slope and what
are the intercepts of the line whose equation was just written?
Solution: We know, Cost per unit = slope

Totalcost y
 Req. slope =  (Ans)
Numberof unit x

When slope = 3
y
 =3
x
 y = 3x (Ans)

Comparing it with y = mx + c, slope is 3 and intercept is 0 (Ans)

55 A printer quotes the price of $1400 for printing 100 copies of a

report and $3000 for printing 500 copies. Assuming a linear
relationship, what would be the price for printing 300 copies?

Solution: Given x1 = 100, x2 = 500, y1 = 1400, y2 = 3000

Req equation of the linear relationship is
x  x1 y  y1

x1  x 2 y1  y 2
x  100 y  1400
 
100  500 1400  3000
x  100 y  1400
 
1 4
 y – 1400 = 4x – 400
 y = 4x + 1000

When x = 300, then

y = 4x + 1000
 y = 4(300) + 1000
 y = $2200 (Ans)

56 It is a computer oriented programming problem.

Solution: Solve by QBasic program.
73
 Bowen, Prichett & Saber’s Mathematics Manual
57 It is a computer oriented programming problem.
Solution: Solve by QBasic program.

58 It is a computer oriented programming problem.

Solution: Solve by QBasic program.

74