GEOKHAN GEOLOGY

GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)

1. Granite magmas are formed in ;
a) Lower part of crust
b) Lower part of mantle
c) Upper part of crust
d) Upper part of core
2. Which of the followings form continuous solid solution series?
a) Calcite-dolomite
b) Dolomite-magnesite
c) Magnesite-siderite
d) Siderite-calcite
3. A rock with the mineral assemblage of orthoclase, nepheline, plagioclase, biotite and
hornblende is known as
a) Diorite
b) Syenite
c) Granodiorite
d) Nepheline syenite
4. The olivine rich layer of the earth is
a) Upper Crust
b) Lower Crust
c) Upper Mantle
d) Lower Mantle
5. Carbonatites are
a) a primary source of diamonds.
b) rich in carbon in the form of graphite
c) a source of carbonaceous sediments.
d) rich in CaCO3 in the form of calcite.
6. The mineralogical composition of gondite is:
a) quartz - hypersthene - mica
b) quartz - microcine - hornblende
c) quartz - spessartite - rhodonite
d) quartz - andalusite – psilomelane
7. At the temperature of 1000 degree C and pressure of 25 Kb the mineral phase that is
stable in the mantle is:
a) spinel
b) garnet
c) plagioclase
d) calcite

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
8. The igneous texture that results due to the intergrowth of Na- and K- felspars is:
a) graphic
b) myrmelkitic
c) perthitic
d) ophitic
9. Pyrolite is a hypothetical upper mantle rock consisting of peridotite and basalt in the
ratio
a) 1 : 3
b) 1 : 2
c) 2 : 1
d) 3 : 1
10. A point on a liquidus in a binary phase diagram involving pure phases is
a) invariant
b) isobaric invariant
c) univariant
d) isobaric univariant
11. According to the [UGS classification, a leucocratic plutonic igneous rock containing IO
modal % quartz and plagioclase / (plagioclase + K-feldspar) ratio at 45 is termed
a) quartz monzonite
b) quartz monzodiorite
c) monzonite
d) monzodiorite
12. In Leucite - Silica binary system, incongruently melting intermediate compound is
a) KAlSi308
b) KAlSi2O6
c) NaAlSi3O8
d) KAlSiO4
13. Which of the following pairs of minerals exhibit exsolution texture?
a) Pyrite-Pyrrhotite
b) Pyrite-Chalcopyrite
c) Sphalerite-Pyrrhotite
d) Hematite-Magnetite
14. Minute worm-like intergrowth of quartz in sodic plagioclase is called
a) vitrophyric intergrowth
b) graphic intergrowth
c) myrmekitic intergrowth
d) perthitic intergrowth

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
15. Amongst CIPW normative minerals, which of the following pairs is incompatible?
a) nepheline-albite
b) hypersthene-nepheline
c) hypersthene-quartz
d) wollastonite-anorthite
16. An ultramafic rock with olivine, phlogopite, magnesian garnet, pyroxene, chromite and
is perovskite is
a) Harzburgite
b) Websterite
c) Kimberlite
d) Vogesite
17. An igneous texture showing meshwork of feldspar laths with gaps filled by glass is
known as
a) seriate
b) intersertal
c) intergranular
d) trachytic
18. The silica content in alkali syenites is lower than that in other syenites because the
former contains
a) low amount of quartz
b) significant amount of feldspathoids
c) large amount of anorthitic plagioclase
d) large amount of olivine
19. During fractional crystallization of a basaltic magma due to early crystallization of
pyroxene and plagioclase, the remaining liquid is enriched in
a) potash and soda
b) soda and silica
c) silica and potash
d) potash, soda and silica
20. Why magnesium-olivine and quartz don't coexist in oversaturated igneous rocks that
have undergone equilibrium crystallization?
a) Such rocks do not have enough Si02 to produce free quartz after formation of
silicates with available cations
b) Magnesium-olivine reacts with excess silica to form pyroxene enstatite
c) The existence of the mineral pair, olivine plus quartz, requires the additional
formation of a feldspathoid such as nepheline
d) At high temperature there is a solid solution relationship between Si02 and Mg2SiO4.

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
21. The Fo-Di-Ab plane in the normative basalt tetrahedron is known as
a) plane of critical undersaturation
b) plane of critical saturation
c) plane of critical superesaturation
d) plane of saturation
22. The figure below is a system showing partial solid
solution of crystals A and B. Assuming equilibrium
between the crystals and the melt, what is the
composition of the last crystal formed just prior to
complete solidification of melt X?
a) A30B70
b) Pure A
c) Same as 'X'
d) Pure B
23. Based on the IUGS System of igneous rock classification, match the rock types (List I)
with the percent of minerals (List II).
List I List II
P. Harzburgite 1. 10% 0l, 50% OPx, 40% CPx
Q. Websterite 2. 60% 0l, 30% OPx, 10% CPx
R. Wehrlite 3. 60% 0l, 15% OPx , 25% CPx
S. Lherzolite 4. 60% 0l, 10% OPx , 30% CPx
a) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
b) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4
c) P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3
d) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2
24. In igneous rocks, when plagioclase grains are enclosed by pyroxene, the texture is
termed as
a) ophitic
b) porphyritic
c) graphic
d) myrmekitic
25. Choose the correct normative mineral assemblage in igneous rocks from the following
a) quartz + hypersthene + albite
b) nepheline + olivine + quartz
c) quartz + nepheline + olivine
d) olivine + quartz + anorthite

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
26. The volcanic equivalent of gabbro is
a) Basalt
b) Dacite
c) Rhyodacite
d) Rhyolite
27. Schematic sketches illustrating photomicrographs of three basaltic samples (X, Y, D),
containing anorthite rich plagioclase (PI and diopside (Cpx) phenocrysts are shown
below.

Crystallization behavior of these basalts is explained in the diopside anorthite

system which has an eutectic at a composition of anorthite 42 (wt %). Correct
combination of melt composition for the three basalts is
a) X:M<42,Y:M>42,Z:M =42
b) X:M=42,Y:M>42,Z:M <42
c) X:M<42,Y:M=42, Z:M>42
d) X:M >42,Y:M<42,Z.M=42
28. The plutonic equivalent of rhyolite is
a) Diorite
b) Granite
c) Granodiorite
d) Monzonite
29. Which of the following represents a correct magmatic fractionation sequence?
a) Basalt -» Andesite -» Dacite -» Phonolite
b) Basalt -» Rhyolite -» Andesite -» Trachyte
c) Basalt -» Mugearite -» Dacite -» Rhyolite
d) Basalt -» Mugearite -» Trachyte -» Phonolite

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
30.Which rock will require the highest temperature for complete melting? (Rock Y is of
eutectic composition)
a) W
b) X
c) Y
d) Z

31. Find the correct match of mineral pair in Group I with the corresponding crystallization
behaviour in Group II.
Group I Group II
P. Silica – K-feldspar 1. Solid solution
Q. Albite - Anorthite 2. Peritectic
R. Forsterite - Silica 3. Eutectic
a) P-3, Q-1, R-2
b) P-1, Q-2, R-3
c) P-2, R-1, S-3
d) P-3, Q-2, R-1
32.An igneous rock with 50% olivine, 25% orthopyroxene and 25% clinopyroxene by mode
will be called
a) Dunite
b) Harzburgite
c) Lherzolite
d) Wehrite
33. Which of the following accurately describes the rock 'phonolite’ ?
a) Undersaturated ultramafic volcanic rock
b) Undersaturated mafie plutonic rock
c) Undersaturated ultrabasic volcanic rock
d) Intermediate alkaline plutonic rock
34. Cooling of basaltic lava under water will lead to the formation of
a) lava tunnel
b) pillow structure
c) columnar jointing
d) cumulus texture

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
35. What rock would you expect to find at the base of a typical oceanic plate?
a) Basalt
b) Diorite
c) Gabbro
d) Peridotite
36. Match the textures/structures in Group l with appropriate processes in Group ll.
Group I Group II
P. Cumulus texture 1. Cavity filling
Q. Spinifex texture 2. Gravity setting
R. Oriented intergrowth 3. Annealing
S. Comb structure 4. Quenching
5. Coherent exsolution
a) P-2, R-4. R-5, S-1
b) P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-5
c) P-1, Q-5, R-4, S-3
d) P-2, Q-5, R-4, S-1
37. Silica-undersaturated minerals are
a) nepheine and albie
b) olivine and enstatite
c) leucite and orthoclase
d) olivine and leucite
38. Which of the following rocks contributes the highest amount of radioactive heat in the
earth’s crust?
a) basalt
b) gabbro
c) dunite
d) granite
39. The dominant constituent of ultramafic rocks in the earth’s mantle is
a) orthoclase
b) olivine
c) plagioclase
d) biotite
40. A highly vesicular rock formed by solidification of viscous lava is
a) tuff
b) obsidian
c) volcanic breccia
d) pumice

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
41. The igneous rock falling in the shaded field of
the figure below is
a) granite
b) syenite
c) tonalite
d) monzonite

42. Choose the correct pair of plutonic rock and its volcanic equivalent.
a) Gabbro–Trachyte
b) Syenite–Andesite
c) Granite–Rhyolite
d) Granodiorite–Basalt
43. Calculate the degree(s) of freedom of the assemblage orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene
+ plagioclase + hornblende + quartz + fluid in the chemical system CaO–FeO–MgO–
Al2O3–SiO2–H2O with pressure and temperature as physical variables.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
44. A potassic ultrabasic hybrid igneous rock containing macrocrysts of olivine, Cr-rich
diopside, phlogopite and pyrope in a groundmass of serpentine, carbonate and
perovskite can be named as
a) kimberlite
b) ijolite
c) melilitolite
d) harzburgite
45. The figures P and Q represent schematic binary phase diagrams for solid–melt and
subsolidus relations in temperature (T)–composition (X) space. Which of the following
statements is true?
a) P shows eutectic relation and Q shows
high temperature limited solid
solution
b) Both P and Q show high temperature
limited solid solution
c) Both P and Q show eutectic relation
d) P shows high temperature limited solid
solution and Q shows eutectic relation

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 GEOKHAN GEOLOGY
GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
46. The figures P and Q represent schematic binary phase diagrams for solid–melt and
subsolidus relations in temperature (T)–composition (X) space. Choose the correct
statement?
a) Solvus occurs in both P and Q
b) Solvus is absent in both P and Q
c) Solvus occurs in P but not in Q
d) Solvus occurs in Q but not in P
47. Match the items in Group I with those in Group II.
Group I Group II
P. Kersantite 1. Hornblende-diopside-plagioclase lamprophyre
Q. Fenite 2. Basaltic trachyandesite
R. Mugearite 3. Volcanic nepheline syenite
S. Phonolite 4. Biotite-plagioclase lamprophyre
5. Metasomatic rock associated with carbonatites
a) P – 1, Q – 2, R – 4, S – 3
b) P – 4, Q – 5, R – 2, S – 3
c) P – 3, Q –1, R – 2, S – 4
d) P – 4, Q – 5, R – 3, S – 2
48. Mantle xenoliths are observed in
a) Kimberlite
b) Granite
c) Pegmatite
d) Granulite
49. An igneous body with a flat top and a concave-upward base is known as a
a) laccolith
b) lopolith
c) sill
d) stock
50. Match the alkaline rocks listed in Group I with their characteristics listed in Group II.
Group I Group II
P. Basanite 1. Volcanic rock lacking feldspar
Q. Nephelinite 2. Ultrapotasic volcanic rock
R. Shonshonite 3. Feldspathoid-bearing basalt
S. Lamproite 4. K-rich basalt
a) P-4; Q-1; R-3; S-3
b) P-1; Q-2; R-3; S-4
c) P-3; Q-1; R-4; S-2
d) P-2; Q-1; R-4; S-3

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
51. A phase-diagram with a specified bulk-composition is known as
a) isograd diagram
b) AFM diagram
c) pseudosection
d) ACF diagram
52. In the given ternary (Fo = forsterite; Di = diopside; An = anorthite) eutectic diagram,
the point A represents the composition of magma. What will be the sequence of
crystallization during cooling of this magma?
a) olivine and olivine + plagioclase
b) olivine and olivine + pyroxene
c) olivine, olivine + plagioclase and olivine + plagioclase +
pyroxene
d) olivine, olivine + pyroxene and olivine + pyroxene +
plagioclase
53. Which one of the following statements describing aspects of partial melting behavior
of a binary eutectic system is NOT TRUE?
a) Melting is complete at temperature just above the liquidus temperature.
b) Two solid phases and one liquid phase co-exist at eutectic temperature.
c) The lowest temperature at which partial melting occurs is independent of the
chemical composition.
d) The composition of the first liquid to form depends on the composition of the
sample.
54. Chemical analysis reveals that basalts contain much more aluminum (Al2O3 ~ 15%) in
comparisonto peridotites (Al2O3 ~ 4%). This is because they contain
a) very little olivine
b) higher proportion of pyroxene
c) feldspars as dominant mineral
d) no quartz
55. Match the texture in Group I with its corresponding description in Group II.
Group I Group II
P. Cumulus texture 1. triple point junction
Q. Exsolution 2. banding and crustification in open spaces
texture
R. Caries texture 3. protuberances of replacing mineral with
replaced host
S. Cockade texture 4. spindles or lamellae of one mineral in another
5. aggregates of minerals with non-penetrative
mineral boundaries

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
a) P-5; Q-4; R-3; S-2
b) P-4; Q-5; R-3; S-1
c) P-5; Q-4; R-2; S-3
d) P-4; Q-3; R-2; S-5
56. Match the rocks in Group I with their essential mineral assemblages in Group II.
Group I Group II
P. Granodiorite 1. Hornblende-plagioclase
Q. Harzburgite 2. Plagioclase-quartz
R. Gabbro 3. Olivine-orthopyroxene
S. Diorite 4. Clinopyroxene-plagioclase
a) P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1
b) P-3; Q-4; R-1; S-2
c) P-4; Q-1; R-3; S-2
d) P-1; Q-3; R-2; S-4
57. The figure shows the liquidus phase relations in the
forsterite-anorthite-silica system at 1 bar pressure.
From the options below, identify the CORRECT
reaction that takes place at the isobaric invariant
point P.
a) Liquid (at P) = Forsterite + Anorthite + Enstatite
b) Liquid (at P) + Forsterite = Anorthite + Enstatite
c) Liquid (at P) + Forsterite + Anorthite = Enstatite
d) Liquid (at P) = Forsterite + Anorthite + Silica
polymorph
58. Match the rocks listed in Group-I with the corresponding general rock classification
listed in Group-II
Group I Group II
P. Granite 1. Extrusive igneous rock
Q. Basalt 2. Biochemical sedimentary rock
R. Gneiss 3. Intrusive igneous rock
S. Sandstone 4. Metamorphic rock
5. Clastic sedimentary rock
a) P-1, Q-3, R-5, S-2
b) P-4, Q-5, R-1, S-2
c) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-5
d) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-5

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
59. The given T--X diagram shows the phase
relations in olivine solid solution at 1 bar
pressure. If 'P' is the initial position of melt. The
proportion of melt at 1500⁰C is ________ %.

60. A melanocratic porphyritic rock containing phenocrysts of biotite, with feldspar

restricted to the groundmass, is called
a) trachyte.
b) dacite.
c) andesite.
d) lamprophyre.
61. In the hypothetical isobaric ternary liquidus
projection diagram given below, solid phases A,
B, C, D and E exist in equilibrium with liquid. The
reaction taking place at the isobaric invariant
point W is
a) Liquid (at W) = B + D + E
b) Liquid (at W) = A + B + D
c) Liquid (at W) + E = B + D
d) Liquid (at W) + B + D = E
62. Choose the CORRECT combination for the following four statements.
Statement I: Anhydrous partial melting of peridotites produces basaltic magma.
Statement II: Hydrous melting of peridotites produces andesitic magma.
Statement III: Congruent melting of minerals produces liquids of compositions
identical to the minerals.
Statement IV: Incongruent melting of minerals produces liquids of different
compositions and new solids.
a) All the four statements I to IV are correct.
b) Statements I, II and III are correct but statement IV is incorrect.
c) Statements I and II are correct but statements III and IV are incorrect.
d) All the four statements I to IV are incorrect.

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
63.The figure below represents an isobaric binary
liquidus phase diagram, with the solid phases A, B
and C. What are the degrees of freedom associated
with equilibrium phase assemblages repreented
by the bulk composition w, x, y and z, in the fields
indicated in the figure?
a) w=2, x=1, y=1, z=1
b) w=2, x=1, y=0, z=2
c) w=1, x=1, y=0, z=1
d) w=1, x=1, y=1, z=2

64. Which one of the following is a mafic volcanic rock?

a) Dacite
b) Trachyte
c) Rhyolite
d) Basalt
65. A coarse-grained igneous rock consists of 55% olivine, 25% augite and 20% enstatite.
According to the IUGS classification, the rock is
a) websterite
b) lherzolite
c) wehrlite
d) harzburgite
66. During crystallization of a magma, which one of the following
schematic paths (I, II, III and IV) describes the behavior of
compatible elements in the residual melt?
a) II
b) IV
c) I
d) III
67. Match the following igneous textures in Group-I with their definitions in Group-II.
Group I Group II
P. Vitrophyre 1. Alkali feldspar rimmed by plagioclase
Q. Rapakivi 2. Aggregate of radially arrayed, needle-like crystals of
plagioclase with or without clinopyroxene
R. Ocelli 3. Sub-parallel skeletal, platy olivine and/or pyroxene
S. Spinifex 4. Large phenocrysts within a glassy matrix

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GATE: Assignment: (Igneous Petrology)
a) P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1
b) P-3; Q-4; R-2; S-1
c) P-4; Q-1; R-2; S-3
d) P-4; Q-1; R-3; S-2
68. The following diagram shows phase relations in a
system consisting of components A and B at 1 bar
pressure. If the initial composition of liquid is R,
during cooling and crystallization of magma, which
of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT?
a) On complete crystallization of magma, the final
composition (in wt.%) of rock consists of 25 of
mineral A and 75 of mineral B.
b) On cooling of magma, mineral A is the first
mineral to crystallize.
c) At point Q, the weight percentages of crystal and liquid are 37.5 and 62.5,
respectively.
d) The composition (in wt.%) of liquid at point E is 40 A and 60 B.

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