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Labsheet 4

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15 views2 pages

Labsheet 4

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saisiva3002
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© © All Rights Reserved
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4 Labsheet 4

In this labsheet you will study digital communication over passband channels under the assumption of
perfect frame and symbol (or bit) synchronization and perfect carrier synchronization. Please try to
modularize your code as much as possible by separating out different tasks into functions which can be
reused. All plots should have clearly labelled axes. Each intermediate result has to be shown to the
TAs/instructor for full credit.

4.1 Basic passband modulation and demodulation (BPSK)


1. Generation of bits: The source is assumed to produce a stream of bits. The bits are usually
modelled as an independent and identically distributed random process with the probability of
a bit being 1 being 0.5. Generate a random sequence of bits of length N (input) satisfying this
property.
2. The above bit sequence is then converted to a baseband signal. The baseband signal is obtained
by converting 0 and 1 into appropriate pulses of duration T = 1s. For a bit sequence with N = 10,
obtain a baseband signal with 0 represented using a level of −1 and 1 using a level of 1. Note that
all continuous time signals have to be represented by their sampled counterparts. Clearly state the
sampling rate that you have used. Plot the sampled version of the continuous time signal that you
have obtained.
3. Plot the power spectrum of the baseband signal for N = 1000. Note that the power spectrum should
be plotted with respect to the continuous time frequency (Hint: carefully think about energy vs.
power).
4. For modelling a passband channel use any FIR filter design technique to obtain a filter response
that corresponds to a channel with passband centered at 25Hz, one-sided bandwidth of 10 Hz, and
a gain of g in the passband. Plot the magnitude spectrum of the channel that you are using -
clearly labelling the axes for g = 1.
5. Note that the baseband signal that you have generated cannot be sent through the passband
channel directly. So modulate the baseband signal using a carrier of frequency 25 Hz.
6. Plot the modulated signal in time domain - clearly labelling the axis.
7. Plot the power spectral density of the modulated signal. Compare the PSD of the modulated signal
with that of the baseband signal. State your observations - what are the similarties and differences
between the two PSDs?
8. Simulate sending the passband signal through the above channel. Plot the output signal from the
channel as well as its PSD.
9. Now implement the additive noise model for the channel so that the channel introduces additive
white Gaussian noise with variance σ 2 . For this set of tasks use σ 2 = 0.1.
10. At the output of the ideal channel, implement a bandpass receive filter. Plot the magnitude
response of the filter that you have implemented. What are the specifications of the passband and
stopband for this filter? Why did you choose those specifications?
11. Implement a coherent demodulator for the above system. Please show to the TAs how you have
made sure that the demodulator’s (more precisely the local oscillator signal’s) phase matches with
that of the received carrier.

11
12. Implement a sampler for sampling the output of the demodulator. Then implement a decision
making device - a thresholder that will convert the samples to 0 or 1, and obtain the bit estimates
at the output of the decision device.
13. Find out the bit error rate for N = 1000 for σ 2 = 0.1.

4.2 General passband modulation and demodulation (BPSK)


Note the following:

1. For all the tasks in this section you can assume that the bit sequence generated by the source is
IID and uniformly distributed.
2. You can assume that the symbol time is 1 sec. and the carrier frequency is 25 Hz for these examples.

3. The null to null bandwidth is a one-sided bandwidth defined for a passband PSD. It is equal to the
width of the main lobe of a sinc2 -like spectrum and as the name suggests is the frequency extent
around the carrier frequency upto the first nulls on either side.
4. Note that for obtaining the null to null bandwidth the average PSD across multiple runs should
be used.
Generation of passband waveforms for different modulation schemes

1. For a sequence of 200 bits obtain the waveform corresponding to QPSK. The symbol time can be
chosen to be 1 second. Record the bit rate. Plot the PSD of the QPSK waveform and record the
null to null bandwidth. Plot the signal constellation for this transmission scheme.

2. For a sequence of 400 bits obtain the waveform corresponding to 16-QAM. Again record the bit
rate and the null to null bandwidth. Plot the signal constellation for this transmission scheme.

3. For a sequence of 300 bits obtain the waveform corresponding to 8-PSK. Again record the bit rate
and the null to null bandwidth. Plot the signal constellation for this transmission scheme.
4. For a sequence of 200 bits obtain the waveform corresponding to 4-FSK. Again record the bit rate
and the null to null bandwidth.

5. Compare the bit rate, null to null bandwidth, and signal constellation for the four schemes discussed
above.
Correlation receivers for different modulation schemes
Under the assumption of perfect frame and timing synchronization, implement correlation receivers for
each of the four schemes discussed above. Please use the starter code to get an idea about how to do
this.

1. Fix a sequence of 40 bits.


2. For this fixed sequence of bits generate QPSK, 16-QAM, 8-PSK, and 4-FSK passband waveforms.
3. Use the correlation receiver that you have implemented to receive and convert the above waveforms
into bits.

4. Show the TA that the received sequence of bits is the same as the transmitted sequence of bits
(since we are not modelling channel noise).

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