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697949552 Maths 1A Narayana T100 Study Material 1

Information Technology in a Global Society SL (Kundan Vidya Mandir Sr. Sec. School)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

LONG ANSWER QUESTION ANSWERS
FUNCTIONS
***1. Let f : A  B, g : B  C be bijections. Then show that gof : A  C is a bijection
(March - 2009, May-2006,2008,2010, 2012)
Sol. Given that f : A  B, g : B  C are one-one functions. We know that composite of two functions is
also function.
Hence gof : A  C is a function.
To prove that gof : A  C is one-one function.
Let  a1 , a2  A, f : A  B is a function then f  a1  , f  a2   B
  
g : B  C is a function then g f  a1  , g f  a2   C 
i.e., gof  a1   gof  a2   g  f  a1    g  f  a2  
 f  a1   f  a 2  [ g is one-one function]
 a 1  a 2 [ f is one-one function] (2M)
 a1 , a2  A , gof  a1   gof  a2   a1  a2
 gof : A  C is one-one function. Hence proved.
Given that f : A  B, g : B  C are onto function.
Hence gof : A  C is a function.
To prove that gof : A  C is onto function
g : B  C is onto function then every c  C  b  B  c  g  b  -----------(1)
f : A  B is onto function then every b  B  a  A  b  f  a  -----------(2) (3M)

from (1) and (2), g  b   c  g  f  a   c  gof (a)  c

Every c C  a  A  gof  a   c
 gof : A  C is onto function.
Hence gof : A  C is bijective function. (2M)
***2. Let f : A  B, g : B  C be bijections. Then show that  gof   f 1og 1
1

(March-06,10,11,2014, May-09,11)
Sol. Given that f : A  B, g : B  C are bijective functions.
So f 1 : B  A, g 1 : C  B are bijective functions.
Now f : A  B, g : B  C are bijective functions
then gof : A  C is also bijective function so  gof 1 : C  A is a bijective function
Now g 1 : C  B, f 1 : B  A are two bijective functions then f 1og 1 : C  A is bijective

 gof 
1
, f 1og 1 have the same domain. (2M)
Let c  C , g : B  C is bijective function  g is onto
Therefore  b  B  c  g  b   g  1  c   b
 f : A  B is bijective function  f is onto
as b  B  a  A  b  f  a   f 1  b   a

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Now, Take g  b   C  g  f  a    C (3M)

 gof  a   C  a   gof   c  ...................(1)
1

Now, f 1  b   a  f 1  g 1  c    a  f 1og 1  c   a  a  f 1og 1  c  .................(2)

 gof   c   f 1og 1  c    gof 

1 1
from (1) & (2)  f 1og 1 , c  C (2M)

***3. Let f : A  B be a bijection. Then show that fof 1  I B and f 1of  I A (Mar-07,12, May-05,07)
Sol. Given that f : A  B is bijective function
So f 1 : B  A is also bijective.
To prove that f 1 of  I A
Now f : A  B; f 1 : B  A are two bijectve functions then f 1of : A  A is bijective
f 1of : A  A , I A : A  A having same domain A. (2M)
Let b  B , f : A  B is bijective  f is onto function
  a  A  b  f  a   f 1  b   a (1M)

Now f of  a  f  f  a   f  b  a  IA (a) or a  A
1 1 1

f 1of  a   I A  a   f 1of  I A (1M)

Given that f : A  B is bijective so, f : B  A is also bijective
1

1
To prove that fof  I B
Now f 1 : B  A, f : A  B are two functions then composite function is fof 1
:B  B
1
 fof : B  B, I B : B  B having same domain. (1M)
f : A  B is bijective  f is onto
b  B  a  A  b  f  a  f 1  b  a

fof 1  b  f  f 1  b   f  a  b  IB  b b  B

fof 1  b  IB  b  fof 1  IB (2M)

***4. Let f : A  B , I A and I B be Identity functions on A and B respectively..
Then show that foI A  f  I B of (March - 2013, May-2005,2008)
Sol: Given that f : A  B is a function
I A : A  A; I B : B  B are two identity functions.
Such that I A  a   a  a  A; I B  b   b b  B (1M)
To prove that foI A  IBof  f
To prove foI A  f
I A : A  A, f : A  B are two functions
Such that we know that composition of two functions is a function.
Hence foI A : A  B is a function. fo I A , f have the same domain A (1M)

a  A , foIA  a  f  IA  a   f  a
 foI A  f ---------------(1) (1M)

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To prove I B o f  f ; f : A  B , I B : B  B are two functions
We know that composition of two functions is a function.
Hence I B of : A  B is a function
I B o f ,f have the same domain “A” (2M)

a  A , I B of  a   I B  f  a   ; IBof  a  f  a  IBof  f -------(2)

from (1) and (2) foI A  I B of  f (2M)

***5. Let f : A  B be a bijection.Then show that f is a bijection if and only if there exists a
functions g : B  A such that fog  IB and gof  I A and in this case, g  f 1
Sol. Let f : A  B be a bijection. Then f 1 : B  A is a bijection.
We know that f 1of  I A and fof 1  I B
Take g  f 1 .
 gof  I A and fog  I B
Converse :
If there exists a function g : B  A suchthat fog  I B and gof  I A then gof  I A is an
injection,  f is an injection
 fog  I B is a surjection  f is a surjection
 f : A  B is a bijection. Hence f 1 : B  A is a bijection. We also have g : B  A
 f 1 and g are defined on the same domain B
Let b  B . Since f : A  B is a bijection then there exists a unique ' a '  A
such that f(a) = b or f–1(b) = a.
Now f 1 (b)  a  I A (a )  ( gof )(a )  g ( f (a))  g (b)
 g  f 1 .

***6. I) If f : R  R, g : R  R are defined by f  x   4 x  1 and g  x   x 2  2 then find

 a 1
(i)  gof  x  ii)  gof    iii) fof  x  iv) go  fof  0 
 4 
II) Let A  1,2,3 , B  a, b, c , C   p, q, r . If f : A  B, g : B  C are defined by
f  1, a  ,  2, c  ,  3, b  , g   a , q  ,  b , r  ,  c , p  then show that f 1og 1   gof 
1

Sol. Given that f  x   4 x  1 , g  x   x 2  2

(i)  gof  x  g  f  x   g  4x 1

  4x 1  2
2
 g  x  x2
 2
 16x2 1  8x  2  16x2  8x  3 (1M)
a 1   a 1   a 1 
 gof     gf    g 4  1  
 4    4    4    g  a  1 1  g  a   a  2  g  x   x  2 (1M)
2 2
(ii)

(iii) fof  x   f  f  x    f  4x 1  4  4x 1 1  f  x  4x 1  16 x  4  1  16 x  5 (1M)

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(iv) go  fof  0 
 fof  0   f  f  0    f  4  0   1  
 f  1  4 1 1  f  x  4x 1  4  1  5
2

go  fof  0   g  5   5  2  g  x  x  2
2
  25  2  27 (1M)

II) Given that f  1, a  ,  2, c  ,  3, b  and g  a, q , b, r , c, p then

gof  1, q  ,  2, p  ,  3, r    gof    q,1 ,  p, 2  ,  r ,3

1
(1M)

g 1   q, a  ,  r , b  ,  p, c  , f 1   a,1 ,  c, 2  ,  b,3 then (1M)

f 1og 1   q,1 ,  r,3 ,  p,2   gof   f 1og 1 .
1
(1M)
***7. If f : Q  Q defined by f  x   5 x  4 for all x  Q . S.T.. f is a bijection and find f 1 (Mar-10)
Sol: Let x1 , x2  Q, f  x1   f  x2   5 x1  4  5 x2  4  x1  x2
 f is an injective (2M)
y4  y4  y4
Let y  Q , then x   Q then f  x   f    5 4  y
5  5   5 
 f  x  y
f is surjection and hence f is bijection f 1 : Q  Q is bijection (3M)
y4 y4 x4
f  x   y  5x  4  y  x   f  y   f  x 
1 1
(2M)
5 5 5

**8. Let f : A  B , g : B  C and h : C  D . Then show that ho  gof    hog  of , that is

composition of functions is associative.
Sol. Given that f : A  B, g : B  C , h : C  D are three functions
We have to prove that ho  gof    hog  of
Now f : A  B, g : B  C are two functions then gof : A C (1M)
Now gof : A  C , h : C  D are two functions then ho  gof  : A  D (1M)
Now g : B  C , h : C  D are two functions then hog : B  D (1M)
Now f : A  B, hog : B  D are two functions then  hog  of : A  D (1M)
ho  gof  ,  hog  of have same domain (1M)

  
a  A, ho  gof  a   ho g  f  a    h g  f  a   
  hog  f  a    hog  of  a 

 ho  gof  a    hog  of  a   ho  gof    hog  of (2M)

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x  2 x1

**9. If the function f is defined by f  x   2, 1  x  1
 x  1,  3  x  1

then find the value of
a) f  3 b ) f  0  c ) f  1.5  d ) f  2   f  2  e ) f  5 
Sol: a) f  3  3  2  5 b) f  0   2 c) f  1.5   1.5  1  2.5
d ) f  2   2  2  4 and f  2   2  1  3 then f  2   f  2   4   3  1
e) f  5   Not defined

3 x  2, x  3
 2
**10. If the function f is defined by f  x    x  2,  2  x  2 then find the value of
2 x  1, x  3

f  4  March  2014 , f  2.5  March  2014 , f  2 , f  4 , f  0 , f  7
Sol: f  4   3  4   2  12  2  10
f  2.5  = Not defined
f  2    2   2  4  2  2
2

f  4  2  4  1  7
f  0   02  2  2
f  7   2  7   1  13

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION
n(n 1)2(n  2)
***11. Show that 1  1  2   1  2  3   .......... up to n terms = , n N
2 2 2 2 2 2

12
(Mar-09,12, May-09)

2 2 2 2
 2 2 2
 
2 2 2
Sol: Let S(n) = 1  1  2  1  2  3   (1  2  3 n )  
n(n  1) 2 (n  2)n  N
, n  N
12

n n 1  n  2 , n  N
2
n  n  1 2n  1
1 1  2  1  2 3   n 
2 2 2 2 2 2
nN 2
  n2 
12 6

n n 1 2n 1 n n 1  n  2

2

1  1  2   1  2  3  
2 2 2 2 2 2
 n  N (1M)
6 12
Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

n  n  1 2n  1 1 2  3
LHS   1
6 6

n  n  1  2n  1 1 4  3
2

RHS   1
12 12

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 LHS = RHS, S(1) is true. (1M)
Step-II: Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.

k  k  1 2 k  1 k  k  1  k  2 
2

i.e; 1  1  2
2 2 2
  1 2
 2 3   
2 2
 .........(1) (1M)
6 12
Step-III: We have to prove that S ( n) is true for n  k  1
 k  1 k  2  2k  3
Adding on both sides in eq.(1) , we get
6
k  k 1 2k 1  k 1 k  2 2k  3
12  12  22   12  22  32       
6 6

k  k  1  k  2   k  1 k  2  2k  3  k  1 k  2   k  k  1  2k  3
2

=  =  
12 6 6  2 

 k  1 k  2   k 2  k  4k  6   k  1 k  2   k 2  5k  6 
=   =  
6  2  6  2 

 k  1 k  2  k  2  k  3  k  1 k  2   k  3 =  k  1 k  1  1  k  1  2 

2 2

= =
12 12 12
S(k+1) is true (3M)

By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)

13 13  23 13  23  33 n
***12 Show that      upto nterms  2n2  9n  13 (March-05,07,2014)
1 1 3 1 3  5 24

13 13  23 13  23  33 13  23  33  .....  n3 n

Sol: Let S(n) = 1 1  3   .......    2n 2  9n  13
1 3  5 1  3  5  ....   2n  1 24 

13 13  23 13  23  33
  
 n3 
n
 2n 2  9n  13
1 1 3 1 3  5 n 24
 2   n  1 2 
2

n 2  n  1
2
n 2  n  1 / 4 n
2
13 13  23 13  23  33
    2n 2  9n  13  n  3

1 1 3 1 3  5 n2 24 4

 n  1  n  2n 2  9n  13
2
13 13  23 13  23  33
   (1M)
1 1 3 1 3  5 4 24  

Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

 n  1 1  1
2 2
4
LHS   1 
4 4 4
n 1
RHS   2n 2  9n  13   2  9  13  1
24 24
 L.H.S = R.H.S, S(1) is true. (1M)

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Step-II: Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.
13 13  23 13  23  33 ( k  1) 2 k
   ......    2k 2  9k  13 .......... (1) (1M)
1 1 3 1 3  5 4 24 

Step-III: We have to prove that S ( n) is true for n  k  1

th
( k  2) 2
(k  1) term 
4
Adding (k  1) th term on both sides of (1)

13 13  23 13  23  33 ( k  1)2 (k  2) 2 k (k  2) 2
   ......     2k 2  9k  13 
1 1 3 1 3  5 4 4 24 4
2k 3  9k 2  13k 6(k 2  4k  4) 2k 3  9k 2  13k  6k 2  24k  24 2k 3  15k 2  37k  24
   
24 24 24 24
1
  2k 3  6k 2  6k  2  9k 2  18k  9  13k  13
24 
1
  2(k 3  3k 2  3k  1)  9(k 2  2k  1)  13(k  1) 
24 
1 k 1
 2(k  1)3  9(k  1)2  13(k  1)  2(k  1)2  9(k  1)  13
 (3M)
24 24
 S  k  1 is true.
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)
1 1 1 n
***13 Show that n  N ,       upto n terms  (Mar-06,11,May-2011)
1)
1.4 4.7 7.10 3n  1
Sol: Since 1,4,7,——— are in A.P., a =1, d = 3
tn  a   n  1 d  1   n  1 3  1  3n  3  3n  2 . . tn  a  n1 d
In AP
Since 4,7,10,........ are in A.P, a=4, d=3
tn  a   n  1 d  4   n  1 3  4  3n  3  3n  1
1 1 1 1 n
Let S(n) = 1.4  4.7  7.10       3n  2  3n  1  3n  1 (1M)

Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

1 1 1
LHS   
 3n  2  3n  1  3  2  3  1 4
n 1 1
RHS   
3n  1 3  1 4
 LHS = RHS, S(1) is true (1M)
Step-II: Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.
1 1 1 1 k
i.e; 1.4  4.7  7.10   3k  2 3k 1  3k 1 .................... (1) (1M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

Step-III: We have to prove that S ( n) is true for n  k  1
1 1
(k  1) th term  Adding on both sides
(3k  1) (3k  4)  3k  1 3k  4  to (1) we get
1 1 1 1 1 k 1
    = 
1.4 4.7 7.10  3k  2  3k  1  3k  1 3k  4  3k  1  3k  1 3k  4 
1  1  1  3k 2  4k  1  1  3k 2  3k  k  1 
= k  =   =  
3k  1  3k  4  3k  1  3k  4  3k  1  3k  4 

1  3k  k  1  1 k  1   3k  1 k  1 k 1 k 1
=  = =  (3M)
3k  1  3k  4   3k  1 3k  4  3k  3  1 3  k  1  1
 S(k+1) is true
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)

n  n 2  6n  11
***14 Show that 2.3+3.4+4.5+....... up to n terms = n  N
3
(March - 2013, May-2006)
Sol : Since 2,3,4 ............. are in A.P., a=2 , d=1
tn  a   n  1 d  2   n  11  n  1

Since 3,4,5,........ are in A.P. , a=3 , d=1 In A.P. tn  a  n 1 d

tn  a   n  1 d  3   n  11  n  2

n  n2  6n 11
Let S(n) = 2.3  3.4  4.5       n 1 n  2  (1M)
3
Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

LHS   n  1 n  2   1  11  2   6

n  n 2  6n  11 11  6  11
RHS   6
3 3
 LHS = RHS, S(1) is true (1M)
Step-II: Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.

k  k 2  6k  11
i.e; 2.3  3.4  4.5       k  1 k  2  ................ (1) (1M)
3
Step-III: We have to prove that S ( n) is true for n  k  1
Adding on both sides  k  2  k  3 to (1) we get

k  k 2  6k  11
2.3  3.4  4.5       k  1 k  2    k  2  k  3    k  2  k  3
3

k 3  6k 2  11k k 3  6k 2  11k  3k 2  15k  18 k 3  9k 2  26k  18

=  k 2  5k  6 = =
3 3 3

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

 k  1  k 2  8k  18  k  1  k  1  6  k  1  11

2
 k  1  k 2  2k  6k  1  6  11 
= = =
3 3 3
 S(k+1) is true (3M)
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)
1 1 1 1 n
***15 Show that 1.3  3.5  5.7       2n  1 2n  1  2n  1 n  N

1 1 1 1 n
Sol :Let S(n) = 1.3  3.5  5.7       2n  1 2n  1  2n  1 (1M)

Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

1 1 1
LHS   
 2n  1 2n  1 1.3 3
n 1 1  LHS = RHS S(1) is true. (1M)
RHS   
2n  1 2  1 3
Step-II: Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.
1 1 1 1 k
i.e; 1.3  3.5  5.7   2k 1 2k 1  2k 1 .................. (1) (1M)

Step-III: We have to prove that S ( n) is true for n  k  1

1 1
(k  1) th term  Adding on both sides,  2k  1 2k  3 to (1) we get
(2k  1)(2k  3)
1 1 1 1 1 k 1
     
1.3 3.5 5.7  2 k  1 2 k  1  2 k  1 2 k  3  2 k  1  2 k  1 2k  3
1  1  1  2k 2  3k  1  1  2k 2  2k  k  1 
= k  =  =  
2k  1  2k  3  2k  1  2k  3  2k  1  2k  3 

1  2k  k  1  1 k  1  1   k  1 2k  1  k 1  k 1
  =    (3M)
2k  1  2k  3  2k  1  2k  3  2k  2  1 2  k  1  1
 S(k+1) is true.
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)
n  n  1 n  2  n  3
***16 Show that 1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+............up to n terms =
4
n  n 1 n  2 n  3
Sol : Let S(n) = 1.2.3  2.3.4  3.4.5   n  n 1 n  2  (1M)
4
Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

LHS  n  n  1 n  2   1 2  3  6
n  n  1 n  2  n  3 1 2  3 4  (1M)
RHS   6
4 4

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 LHS = RHS S(1) is true.
Step-II: Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.
k  k 1 k  2 k  3
i.e; 1.2.3 2.3.4  3.4.5  k  k 1 k  2  .................... (1) (1M)
4
Step-III: We have to prove that S ( n) is true for n  k  1
(k  1) th term  (k  1) (k  2) (k  3) Adding on both sides  k  1 k  2  k  3 , we get
k (k  1)(k  2)(k  3)
1.2.3  2.3.4  3.4.5  ......  k (k 1)(k  2)  (k 1)(k  2)(k  3)   (k 1)(k  2)(k  3)
4

 k   k  1 k  2  k  3 k  4 
=  k  1 k  2  k  3   1 
4  4
 S(k+1) is true (3M)
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N . (1M)
n
***17. Prove by Mathematical Induction, a   a  d    a  2d   uptonterms  2a   n 1 d 
2
(Mar-2010)
n
Sol :Let S(n) = a   a  d    a  2d   a   n 1 d   2a   n 1 d  (1M)
2

Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.  tn  a   n  1 d

LHS  a   n  1 d  a  1  1 d  a
n 1
RHS   2a   n  1 d    2a   a
2 2
 LHS = RHS, S (1) is true (1M)
Step-II: Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.
k
i.e; a   a  d    a  2d       a   k 1 d   2a   k 1 d  ........................ (1)
2
Step-III: We have to prove that S ( n) is true for n  k  1
(k  1) th term  (a  kd ) Adding on both sides  a  kd  to (1) we get
k
a   a  d    a  2d        a   k  1 d   a  kd   2a   k  1 d   a  kd
2
2ak  k 2 d  kd  2a  2kd k d  kd  2a  k  1
2

= 
2 2
kd  k  1  2a  k  1  k  1 k 1
=
2

2
 2a  kd  = 2  2a  k  1  1 d   
S(k+1) is true. (3M)
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N . (1M)

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2
a  r n  1
***18 Show that a  ar  ar     upto n term s  ,r  1 (Mar-11)
r 1
a  r n  1
Sol :Let S(n) = a  ar  ar 2      ar n 1   In G . P . t n  ar n 1 (1M)
r 1
Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

LHS  ar n 1  a.r11  a.r 0  a

a  r n  1 a  r1  1
RHS   a
r 1 r 1
 LHS = RHS, S(1) is true. (1M)
Step-II: Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.

a  r k  1
i.e; a  ar  ar 2      ar k 1  ................. (1) (1M)
r 1
Step-III: We have to prove that S ( n) is true for n  k  1
(k  1) th term  a. r k , Adding on both sides ar k to (1) we get

a  r k  1
a  ar  ar 2      ar k 1  ar k   ar k
r 1

a.r k  a  ar k  r  1 a.r k  a  ar k .r  ar k a  ar k 1 a  r k 1  1
=    (3M)
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1
S(k+1) is true.  By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)
***19 Show that 49n  16n  1 divisible by 64 for all positive integers n. (May-2005)
Sol :Let S(n) be the statement of 49n  16n  1 is divisible by 64 (1M)
Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.
49n  16n  1  491  16 1  1  65  1  64
It is divisible by 64  S(1) is true (1M)
Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.
i.e; 49k  16k  1  64m where m is positive integer..
49k  64m  16k  1  1 (1M)

We have to show that S  n  is true for n  k  1

Consider, 49 k 1  16  k  1  1  49 k .49  16 k  16  1

=  64m  16k  1 49  16k  15  from 1 

= 64m.49  16k .49  49  16k  15 = 64m.49  48.16k  64  64m.49  12.4.16k  64
= 64  49 m  12 k  1   64 Q where Q  49 m  12 k  1 (3M)
It is divisible by 64.
 S(k+1) is true.
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

***20 Show that 3.52 n 1  23n 1 is divisible by 17 n  N (May-08,10,12)
Sol :Let S(n) be the statement of 3.52 n 1  23n 1 is divisible by 17 (1M)
Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

3.52n1  23n1  3.521  231  3125 16  375 16  391  17  23

It is divisible by 17.
 S(1) is true. (1M)
Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.
i.e; 3.52 k 1  23k 1  17 m where m is positive integer..
3.52 k 1  17m  23k 1  1 (1M)

We have to show that S  n  is true for n  k  1

Consider , 3 .5 2  k  1   1  2 3  k  1   1  3.5 2 k  2 1  2 3 k  3 1
= 3.52 k 1.52  23k 1.23  17 m  23k 1  25  8.23k 1 = 17m.25  25.23k 1  8.23k 1

 17 m.25  17.23k 1 = 17 25m  2 

3 k 1

 17Q ; Where Q  2 5 m  2 3 k  1
It is divisible by 17.  S(k+1) is true. (3M)
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)

***21 Use Mathematical induction prove that 2.4 2 n  1  3 3 n  1 is divisible by 11.

Sol: Let S(n) be the statement of 2 .4 2 n  1  3 3 n  1 is divisible by 111 (1M)
Step I: To prove that s(n) is true for n=1
2.4 2.11  33.11  2.43  34  209  11 19 is divisible by 11 1
 s(n) is true for n =1 (1M)
Assume that s(n) is ture for n=k
ie 2.4 2 k  1  3 3 k 1  11m
2.4 2 k 1  11m  33 k 1 .....................(1) (1M)
We have to show that s(n) is true for n=k+1 consider 2.4 2 k 11  33 k 11  2.4 2 k  3  33 k  4 is
divisible by 11
We have 2.4 2 k 1  11m  33 k 1
Multiplying by 42
2.4 2 k 1.4 2  11m  33k 1  .4 2
Adding 33k  4 on both sides
2.42 k  3  33k  4  11m  33k 1 16  33k  4
3 k 1 3
 11m.16  33k 1.16  33 k  4  11m.16  3 . 3  16 
 11m.16  33k 1.11  11 16m  33k 1 
 2.4 2 k 3  33 k  4 is divisible by 11
1 (3M)
s(n) is true for n=k+1
by principle of finite mathematical induction s(n) is true for all n  N (1M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

**22 Use Mathematical Induction to prove the statement
2  3.2  4.2 2     upto n term s  n .2 n  n  N (May-07)
Sol : Since 2,3,4,............ are in A.P., a=2, d=1
tn  a   n  1 d  2   n  11  n  1
Since 1, 2, 22     are in G.P. , a=1, r=2
tn  a.r n 1  1.2n 1  2n 1
Let S(n) = 2  3.2  4.22       n  1 2n 1  n.2n (1M)

Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

LHS   n  1 2n 1  1  1 211  2
RHS  n.2n  1.21  2
 LHS = RHS, S(1) is true. (1M)
Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k
i.e; 2  3.2  4.22       k  1 2k 1  k .2k .................. (1) (1M)

We have to show that S  n  is true for n  k  1

(k  1) th term  (k  2)2k , Adding on both sides  k  2  2 to (1) we get

k

2  3.2  4.2 2       k  1  2 k 1   k  2  2 k  k .2 k   k  2  2 k

=  k  k  2  2k   2k  2  2k = 2  k  1 2k   k  1 2k 1
 S(k+1)is true (3M)
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)
*23 (i) Using Mathematical Induction, Show that x m  y m is divisible by x  y . If m is an odd
natural number and x, y are natural numbers.
Sol : Since m is an odd natural number.
Let m=2n+1
Let S(n) be the statement of x 2 n 1  y 2 n 1 is divisible by x  y (1M)
Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.

x2n1  y 2 n1  x 21  y 21  x3  y 3   x  y   x 2  xy  y 2 

It is divisible by x  y  S(1) is true. (1M)
Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.
i.e; x 2 k 1  y 2 k 1   x  y  P
mwhere P is a polynomial in terms of x and y

x 2 k 1   x  y  p  y 2 k 1 -------------(1) (1M)

We have to show that S  n  is true for n  k 1

2  k 11 2  k  1  1
Consider , x  y  x 2 k  2 1  y 2 k  2 1
x 2 k=1x. x2 k21. xy2 2k y12.ky12. y2  x  2 k 1 2 2 k 1
m yy 2 k 1  xx2 yy2 k 1 . y.2y
x y y mP
2
 
m .x  y
 (xx yy ) P 2 2 k 1 2
.x  y 2 k 1
.y 2 2
P. x  y
 x( xyy )m
2 k 1
x2  y2 

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

 ( x  y ) P x 2   x  y  x  y  y 2 k  1

 ( x  y )  Px 2  ( x  y ) y 2 k 1   ( x  y )Q where Q  Px 2  ( x  y ) y 2 k 1
 S(k+1) is true. (3M)
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)
(ii) If x, y are natural numbers and x  y using Mathematical Induction, Show that
x n  y n is divisible by x  y , n  N
Sol :Let S(n) be the statement of x n  y n is divisible by x  y (1M)
Step-I: To prove that S  n  is true for n=1.
x n  y n  x1  y1  x  y
It is divisible by x  y
 S(1) is true (1M)
Assume that S ( n) is true for n = k.
i.e; x k  y k   x  y  m where m is polynomial
positive ineger
terms x and y

x k   x  y  m  y k .....................(1) (1M)

We have to show that S  n  is true for n  k 1

Consider , x k 1  y k 1  x k .x  y k . y

=  x  y  m  y  x  y . y   x  y  mx  y k .x  y k . y
k k

=  x  y  mx   x  y  y k   x  y   mx  y k 

It is divisible by  x  y 
S(k+1) is true (3M)
 By the principle of finite mathematical induction S(n) is true , n  N (1M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

MATRICES
 a1 b1 c1 
 c2  is a non - singular matrix, then show that A is invertible and
***24. If A  a2 b2
a3 b3 c3 

adj A
A1  . (Mar-07, June-10)
det A

 a1 b1 c1 
A   a2 b2 c2 
Sol. Given that be a non singular matrix  det A  0  A1 exists.
 a3 b3 c3 

Let Ai , Bi , Ci are cofactors of ai , bi , ci , for i = 1, 2, 3.

 A1 B1 C1 
A B2 C2 
cofactor matrix of A =  2 (1M)
 A3 B3 C3 

T
 A1 B1 C1   A1 A2 A3 
A   B3 
B2 C2    B1 B2
 Adj(A) =  2
 A3 B3 C3  C1 C2 C3 

 a1 b1 c1   A1 A2 A3 
Now A  adj A   a2 b2 c2  
 B1 B2 B3 
 a3 b3 c3  C1 C2 C3 

 a1 A1  b1 B1  c1C 1 a1 A2  b1 B 2  c1C 2 a1 A3  b1 B 3  c1C 3 

  a 2 A1  b 2 B1  c 2 C 1 a 2 A2  b 2 B 2  c 2 C 2 a 2 A3  b 2 B 3  c 2 C 3 
 
 a 3 A1  b3 B1  c 3 C 1 a 3 A2  b3 B 2  c 3 C 2 a 3 A3  b3 B 3  c 3 C 3 

 det A 0 0  1 0 0
  0 det A 0   det A  0
 1 0   det A. I
(2M)
 0 0 det A   0 0 1 

 AdjA 
 A(AdjA) = det A.I  A  det A   I ..................(1)
 

 AdjA 
similarly we can prove that  det A  A  I ....................(2)
 

 AdjA   AdjA 
 From (1) & (2) , A  AI (2M)
 det A   det A 
by Inverse defination if A is non singular square matrix  square matrix B of same order such
that AB=BA = I
Adj  A 
 A1  B  A is invertible and A  det A (2M)
1

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

bc ca ab a b c

ca ab bc  2 b c a
***25. Show that (Oct-96)
ab bc ca c a b

b  c c  a a  b
c  a a  b b  c
Sol. Consider
a  b b  c c  a

R1  R1  R2  R3

2 a b  c 2 a b  c 2 a b c a bc a bc a bc

 c a a b bc  2 ca ab bc
(2M)
a b bc ca ab bc ca

R1  R1  R2

b c a
 2 c  a a  b b  c
(1M)
a  b b  c c  a

R3  R3  R1 R2  R2  R3

b c a b c a
 2 ca ab bc 2 c a b
(2M)
a b c a b c

C2  C3 C1  C2

b a c a b c a b c
 2 c b a       2 b c a  2 b c a
(2M)
a c b c a b c a b

a a2 1  a3 a a2 1
2
***26. If b b2 1  b3  0 and b b 1  0 then show that abc = -1. (Mar-04, 2014)
2
c c 2
1  c3 c c 1

a a 2 1  a3 a a2 1
b b 2 1  b3  0 b b2 1  0
Sol. Given that and
c c 2 1  c3 c c2 1

a a2 1 a a2 a3
b b2 1  b b2 b3  0
(1M)
c c2 1 c c2 c3

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

a a2 1 1 a a2
b b2 1  abc 1 b b2  0
 C1  C2
c c2 1 1 c c2

a a2 1 a 1 a2
b b2 1  abc b 1 b2  0
 C2  C3 (3M)
c c2 1 c 1 c2

a a2 1 a a2 1 a a2 1
b b 2 1  abc b b 2 1  0  b b 2 1 1  abc   0
(2M)
c c2 1 c c2 1 c c2 1

 a a2 1 
 
 b b2 1  0
 1  abc  0
 c c2 1 
 
 abc  1 (1M)
2
a b c 2bc  a 2 c2 b2
 
2
b c a  c2 2ac  b 2 a2  a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc
***27. Show that
c a b b2 a2 2ab  c 2
(Mar-01,12,May-09)
2
a b a c b c a b c

Sol. consider b c a  b c a b c a
c a b c a b c a b

R2  R3

a b c a b c a b c a b c a b c   a b c 
 b c a  1 c a b  b c a c a b  b c a   c a b 
(3M)
c a b b c a c a b b c a  c a b   b c a 

a 2  bc  bc ab  ab  c 2 ac  b2  ac 2bc  a 2 c2 b2

 ab  c 2  ab b2  ac  ac bc  bc  a 2  c2 2ac  b 2 a2 .... 1
(2M)
ac  ac  b2 bc  a 2  bc c 2  ab  ab b2 a2 2ab  c 2

2
a b c
a   a  bc  a 2   b  b 2  ca   c  ab  c 2  
2

consider b c
c a b

  abc  a 3  b3  abc  abc  c3   3abc   a 3  b3  c 3  

2 2

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

    a 3  b3  c3  3abc     a3  b3  c3  3abc  ..............  2 

2 2
(1M)

2
a b c 2bc  a 2 c2 b2
  a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc 
2
 from 1 &  2  b c a  c2 2 ac  b 2 a2
(1M)
c a b b2 a2 2 ab  c 2

1 a2 a3
1 b2 b 3   a  b  b  c  c  a  ab  bc  ca 
***28. Show that (Mar-09)
1 c2 c3

1 a2 a3
1 b2 b3
Sol. Consider
1 c2 c3

R1  R1  R2 , R2  R2  R3

0 a 2  b2 a 3  b3 0  a  b  a  b   a  b   a 2  ab  b 2 
 0 b2  c 2 b3  c3  0  b  c  b  c   b  c   b 2  bc  c 2  (2M)
1 c2 c3 1 c2 c3

0 ab a 2  ab  b 2
  a  b  b  c  0 bc b 2  bc  c 2
(1M)
1 c2 c3

R2  R2  R1

0 ab a 2  ab  b 2
  a  b  b  c  0 c  a  c  a  a  b  c  (1M)
1 c2 c3

0 a  b a 2  ab  b 2
  a  b  b  c  c  a  0 1 abc
2
(1M)
1 c c3

  a  b  b  c  c  a   a  b  a  b  c    a 2  ab  b 2   (det expanding based on C1)

  a  b  b  c  c  a   a 2  ab  ca  ab  b 2  bc  a 2  ab  b 2 

  a  b  b  c  c  a   ab  bc  ca  (2M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

a bc 2a 2a
2b   a  b  c 
3
2b bca
***29. Show that (Mar-11,May-11)
2c 2c ca b

a bc 2a 2a
2b bca 2b
Sol. Consider
2c 2c cab

R1  R1 + R2 +R3

a bc abc abc

 2b bca 2b
(2M)
2c 2c cab

1 1 1
  a  b  c  2b b  c  a 2b
(1M)
2c 2c c a b

C1  C1 - C3

0 1 1
  a  b  c 0 bca 2b
abc 2c c a b

0 1 1
 a  b  c
2
0 bca 2b
(2M)
1 2c ca b

  a  b  c  1  2b   b  c  a     a  b  c   2b  b  c  a  (det expanding based on C1)

2 2

 a  b  c a  b  c  a  b  c
2 3
(2M)

a  b  2c a b
 2a  b  c
3
c b  c  2a b
***30. Show that . (Mar-10, June-10)
c a c  a  2b

a  b  2c a b
c b  c  2a b
Sol. Consider
c a c  a  2b

C1  C1 + C2 + C3

2a  2b  2c a b 1 a b
 2a  2b  2c b  c  2a b  2  a  b  c  1 b  c  2a b
(4M)
2a  2b  2c a c  a  2b 1 a c  a  2b

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

R2  R2  R1 , R3  R3  R1

1 a b
 2 a  b  c 0 abc 0  2  a  b  c   a  b  c   0 
2
 
0 0 abc
(det expanding based on C1)
 2a  b  c
3
(3M)

bc ca ab

a  b b  c c  a  a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc
***31. Show that . (Mar-08, May-07)
a b c

bc ca ab

ab bc ca
Sol. Consider
a b c

R2  R2  R3

bc ca ab

b c a
= (3M)
a b c

R1  R1  R2

c a b
b c a  c c 2  ab  a bc  a 2  b b 2  ac
=      
a b c

 c 3  abc  abc  a 3  b 3  abc  a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc (4M)

a 2  2a 2a  1 1
2a  1 a  2 1   a  1
3

32. Show that (March-07,13)

3 3 1

a 2  2a 2a  1 1
2a  1 a2 1
Sol. Consider
3 3 1

R1  R1  R2 , R2  R2  R3

a2 1 a 1 0 a 1 1 0
 2  a  1 a  1 0   a  1  a  1  2 1 0
(4M)
3 3 1 3 3 1

=  a  1  a  11  0   1  2  0   0  6  3     a  1  a  1  2    a  1
2 2 3
(3M)

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***33. Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by using Cramer’s rule
[Mar-12,May-09]
Matrix inversion [March-2013, May-11,12]
and Gauss -Jordan method [Mar-09,10,2014 May-2010]
(i) 3 x  4 y  5 z  18, 2 x  y  8 z  13, 5 x  2 y  7 z  20 (Mar-08,12,13, May-09)
(ii) x  y  z  9 , 2 x  5 y  7 z  52 , 2 x  y  z  0 (Mar-07,09, May-10,11)
1)
(iii) 2 x  y  3z  9, x  y  z  6, x  y  z  2 (Mar-10, 2014)
Sol.i) Cramer’s rule:- The given system of linear equations are
3 x  4 y  5 z  18, 2 x  y  8 z  13, 5 x  2 y  7 z  20

 3 4 5   x  18 
 2 1 8   y   13 
The given system of linear equation can be written as     
 5 2 7   z   20 
which is in the form of A X = D (2M)
3 4 5
Now   2 1 8  3   7  16   4 14  40   5   4  5   136 (1M)
5 2 7

18 4 5
1  13 1 8  18  7  16   4  91  160   5  26  20   408 (1M)
20 2 7

3 18 5
 2  2 13 8  3 91 160 18 14  40  5  40  65  136 (1M)
5 20 7

3 4 18
 3  2 1 13  3  20  26   4  40  65   18  4  5   136 (1M)
5 2 20

1 408  2 136 3 136

Hence by cramer’s rule, x  3 y  1 z  1
 136  136  136
 x  3, y  1, z  1 is the solution for the given system of equations. (2M)
Matrix inversion method :- The given system of linear equations are
3 x  4 y  5 z  18, 2 x  y  8 z  13, 5 x  2 y  7 z  20

 3 4 5   x  18 
 2 1 8   y   13 
The given system of linear equations can be written as      (1M)
 5 2 7   z   20 
which is in the form of A X =D
3 4 5   
det A  2 1 8   
Hint :
5 2 7   

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 3   7  16   4 14  40   5   4  5   det A  0  A1 exists (1M)
 136  0
1 8 1 2 2 8
cofactor of 3   1   7  16   9 , cofactor of 4=  -1   14  40   26
11

2 7 5 7

2 1
cofactor of 5=  -1   4  5   1 ,cofactor of 2   1 21 4 5    28  10   38
1 3

5 2 2 7
3 5 2 3 3 4
cofactor of 1   1   21  25  4 ,cofactor of 8   1
22
   6  20   26
5 7 5 2

4 5 3 2 3 5
cofactor of 5   131   32  5   37 ,cofactor of 2   1    24  10   14
1 8 2 8

 9 26 1 
cofactor of 7   1 3 4  
  3  8  11 , cofactor matrix of A= -38 -4 26  (2M)
3 3

2 1
 37 -14 -11
T
 9 26 1   9 38 37 
 38 4 26    26 4 14 
 Adj (A) =     (1M)
 37 14 11  1 26 11

Adj  A  adjA
Hence by matrix inversion method X  A .D 
1
.D  A1 
det A det A (1M)

 9 38 37  18
1 
  26 4 14 13
136
 1 26 11 20

162  494  740   408 3 3  x  3

1   1   
 468  52  280   136  1  X  1    y   1 
 
136  136     (1M)
 18  338  220   136 1 1   z  1 

 x = 3; y = 1; z = 1; is the solution for the given system of equations.

Gauss - jordam metthod :-
The given system of linear equations are
3 x  4 y  5 z  18, 2 x  y  8 z  13, 5 x  2 y  7 z  20

 3 4 5   x  18 
    
The given system of linear equation can be weitten as 2 1 8 y  13
     (1M)
 5 2 7   z   20 
which is in the form of A X = D

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 3 4 5 18 
 2 1 8 13 
augmented matrix [A D ] =   (1M)
 5 2 7 20 

R3
R2  3R2  2 R1 , R3  3R3  5R1 R3 
2

3 4 5 18  3 4 5 18

 0 11 14 3   0 11 14 3 

0 26 4 30  0 13 2 15

R1 R
R1  11R1  4 R2 , R3  11R3  13R2 R1  , R3  3
3 204

 33 0 111 210  11 0 37 70 

0  11 14 3    0 11 14 3 
    (4M)
 0 0 204 204   0 0 1 1 

R1 R
R1  R1  37 R3 , R 2  R 2  14 R3 R1  , R2  2
11 11

11 0 0 33   1 0 0 3
  0 11 0 11  0 1 0 1
 
 0 0 1 1  0 0 1 1

 x = 3; y = 1; z= 1 is the solution for the given system of equations . (1M)

(ii) The given system of linear equations are
x  y  z  9, 2 x  5 y  7 z  52, 2 x  y  z  0.
The given system of linear equations can be written as

 1 1 1   x  9 
 2 5 7   y   52 
     (1M)
 2 1 1  z  0 
Which is in the form of AX=D
1 1 1
  2 5 7  1 5  7 1 2 14 1 2 10  4
Now (1M)
2 1 1

9 1 1
1  52 5 7  9  5  7   1 52   1 52   4
(1M)
0 1 1

1 9 1
 2  2 52 7  1 52   9  2  14   1 0  104   12
(1M)
2 0 1

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1 1 9
 3  2 5 52  1 0  52   1 0  104   9  2  10   20 (1M)
2 1 0

1 4  12  20
Hence by cramers rule x    1, y  2   3, z  3  5 (2M)
 4  4  4
 x  1, y  3, z  5 is the solution for the given system of equations.
Matrix Inversion Method: The given system of linear equations are
x  y  z  9, 2 x  5 y  7 z  52, 2 x  y  z  0.
The given system of linear equations can be written as

 1 1 1   x  9 
 2 5 7   y   52 
     (1M)
 2 1 1  z  0 
Which is in the form of AX=D
1 1 1
det A 2 5 7 1 57 1 214 1 210 4  0
2 1 1

 det A  0  A1 exists (1M)

5 7
Cofactor of 1   1
11
 5  7  12
1 1

2 7 1 3 2 5
Cofactor of 1   1    2  14   16 ,Cofactor of 1    1
1 2
 2  10   8
2 1 2 1

1 1 22 1 1
Cofactor of 2   1    1  1  2 ,Cofactor of 5   1
2 1
 1  2  3
1 1 2 1

1 1 3 1 1 1
Cofactor of 7    1   1  2   1 ,Cofactor of 2    1 
23
 75 2
2 1 5 7

1 1 3 3 1 1
Cofactor of 1    1    7  2    5 ,Cofactor of  1    1 
3 2
52  3
2 7 2 5
T
 12 16 8  12 2 2 
 Adj  A    2 3 1    16 3 5  Adj A = Cofactor of A T (3M)
 
   
 2 5 3   8 1 3 

1 Adj  A
Hence by matrix inversion Method X  A D  .D (1M)
det A

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 12 2 2   9   108  104  0   4  1 

1     1   1 
  16 3 5 52    144  156  0    12   3
4 4 4
 8 1 3   0   72  52  0   20  5

1   x  1 
 X  3    y   3 
      (1M)
5  z  5
 x  1, y  3, z  5 is the solution for the given system of equations .

Gauss Jordan Method: The given system of linear equations are

x  y  z  9, 2 x  5 y  7 z  52, 2 x  y  z  0.
The given system of linear equations can be written as

 1 1 1   x  9 
 2 5 7   y   52 
     (2M)
 2 1 1  z  0 
Which is in the form of AX=D

1 1 1 9 
 2 5 7 52 
Consider augmented matrix [AD] =  
 2 1 1 0 

R2  R2  2 R1 , R3  R3  2 R1

1 1 1 9  1 1 1 9 

~ 0 3 5 34  ~ 0 3 5 34 
    (1M)
 0 1 3 18   0 1 3 1 8 

R3
R3  R1  3R1  R2 , R3  3R3  R2
1

1 1 1 9  3 0 2 7 
~ 0 3 5 34  ~ 0 3 5 34 
    (1M)
0 1 3 18  0 0 4 20
R3
R3  ` R1  R1  2 R3 , R2  R2  5 R3
4

 3 0 2 7   3 0 0 3
~  0 3 5 34  ~ 0 3 0 9 
(1M)
 0 0 1 5  0 0 1 5

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R1 R
R1  , R2  2
3 3

1 0 0 1 
~ 0 1 0 3
(2M)
0 0 1 5

 x  1, y  3, z  5 is the solution for the given system of equations .

(iii) Cramer’s rule The given system of linear equations are
2 x  y  3 z  9, x  y  z  6, x  y  z  2

2 1 3   x   9 
1  
1 1  y   6 
The given system of linear equations can be written as     (1M)
 1 1 1   z   2 
Which is in the form of AX=D
2 1 3
Now   1 1 1  2 11 111  3 11  2
(1M)
1 1 1

9 1 3
1  6 1 1  9 1  1  1 6  2   3  6  2   2
(1M)
2 1 1

2 9 3
2  1 6 1  2  6  2   9 1  1   3  2  6    4
(1M)
1 2 1

2 1 9
3  1 1 6  2  2  6   1  2  6   9   1  1   6
(1M)
1 1 2

1 2  4  6
Hence by cramers rule x    1, y  2  2 , z 3  3
 2  2  2
 x  1, y  2, z  3 is the solution for the given system of equations . (2M)
Matrix Inversion Method:The given system of linear equations are
2 x  y  3 z  9, x  y  z  6, x  y  z  2

2 1 3   x   9 
1  
1 1  y   6 
The given system of linear equations can be written as     (1M)
 1 1 1   z   2 

  
  
Which is in the form of AX=D Hint :
  

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

2 1 3
det A  1 1 1  211 111  3 11  2  0
 det A  0  A1 exists (1M)
1 1 1

1 1 1 2 1 1
Cofactor of 2    1   1  1  2 ,Cofactor of  1    1    1  1   0
11

1 1 1 1

1 1 2 1 1 3
Cofactor of 3    1   1  1   2 ,Cofactor of 1   1    1  3  2
1 3

1 1 1 1

2 3 23 2 1
Cofactor of 1    1   2  3   1 ,Cofactor of 1    1     2  1  1
2 2

1 1 1 1

1 3 3 2 2 3
Cofactor of 1    1   1  3   4 ,Cofactor of 1   1    2  3  1
3 1

1 1 1 1

2 1
Cofactor of 1    1 
33
 2 1 3
1 1
T
2 0 2  2 2 4 
 Adj  A    2 1 1    0
  1 1   Adj A = Cofactor of A T (3M)
   
 4 1 3    2 1 3 

1 Adj  A 
Hence by matrix inversion Method x  A D  .D (1M)
det A

 2 2 4  9   18  12  8   2  1 
1   6   1  0  6  2   1  4    2 
 0 1 1 
2    2   2    
  2 1 3   2   18  6  6   6  3 

1   x  1 
 X   2    y    2 
(2M)
3   z  3 

 x  1, y  2, z  3 is the solution for the given system of equations .

Gauss Jordan Method: The given system of linear equations are

2 x  y  3 z  9, x  y  z  6, x  y  z  2

2 1 3   x   9 
1  
 1 1   y    6 
The given system of linear equations can be written as (1M)
 1 1 1   z   2 
Which is in the form of AX=D

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2 1 3 9
1 1 1 6 
Consider augmented matrix [A D ] = 
 1 1 1 2 

R2  2 R2  R1 , R3  2 R3  R1 R1  3R1  R2 , R3  3R3  R2

2 1 3 9  6 0 8 30 
  0 3 1 3   0 3 1 3 
 0 1 1  5  0 0 4 12

R1 R
R1  , R3  3 R1  R1  4 R3 , R2  R2  R3
2 4

3 0 4 15  3 0 0 3
  0 3  1 3   0 3 0 6 
 0 0 1 3  0 0 1 3 

R1 R
R1  , R2  2
3 3

1 0 0 1 
 0 1 0 2 
(5M)
0 0 1 3 

 x  1, y  2, z  3 is the solution for the given system of equations . (1M)

***34. Examine whether the following system of equations is consistent or inconsistent.

If consistent find the complete solutions.
i) x  y  z  4, 2 x  5 y  2 z  3, x  7 y  7 z  5
ii) x  y  z  3, 2 x  2 y  z  3, x  y  z  1 (June 02)
iii) x  y  z  6 , x  y  z  2 , 2 x  y  3 z  9 (Mar-05,11)
Sol. (i) The given system of linear equations are x  y  z  4, 2 x  5 y  2 z  3, x  7 y  7 z  5

1 1 1   x  4
 2 5 2   y    3 
The given system of linear equations can be written as      (1M)
 1 7 7   z  5 
Which is in the form of AX = D

1 1 1 4
2 5 2 3 
Consider augmented matrix [A D ] =  (1M)
 1 7 7 5 

R2  R2  2 R1 , R3  R3  R1 R3  3R3  6 R2

1 1 1 4  1 1 1 4
  0 3 4  5    0 3 4  5 
(3M)
 0 6 8 1   0 0 0 33 

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Rank  A   2 & Rank  AD   3  Rank  A  Rank  AD 
 The given system of Equations are inconsistent and it has no solution. (2M)

(ii) Sol. The given system of linear equations are x  y  z  3, 2 x  2 y  z  3, x  y  z  1

1 1 1   x  3 
2 2  
1  y   3 
The given system of linear equations can be written as  (1M)
 1 1 1  z  1 
Which is in the form of AX=D

1 1 1 3
 3 
Consider Augmented matrix  A D    2 2 1 (1M)
 1 1 1 1 

R2 R3
R2  R2  2 R1 , R3  R3  R1 R2  , R3  R3  R3  R2
3 2

1 1 1 3  1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3
  0 0 3  3    0 0 1 1    0 0 1 1 
(1M)
 0 0 2  2   0 0 1 1   0 0 0 0 

Rank  A   2 & Rank  AD   2  Rank  A  Rank  A D   3 (1M)

 The given system of Equations are consistent and it has an infinite number of solutions.
i.e x  y  z  3  1 z  1   2 
Let y  k ,  k  R
Now 1  x  k  1  3  xk  2  x  2k
 x  2  k , y  k , z  1;  k  R is the solution of the given system of equations (3M)
(iii) Sol.The given system of linear equations x  y  z  6, x  y  z  2, 2 x  y  3 z  9

1 1 1  x  6 
1  
 1 1   y    2 
The given system of linear equations can be written as (1M)
 2 1 3   z  9 
Which is in the form of AX=D

1 1 1 6
Consider Augmented matrix  A D    1 1 1 2  (1M)
 2 1 3 9 

R2 R3
R2  R2  R1 , R3  R3  2 R1 R3   2 R3  3 R 2 R2  , R3 
2 2

1 1 1 6  1 1 1 6  1 1 1 6
  0 2 0  4   0 2 0 4   0 1 0 2 
(3M)
 0 3 1  3  0 0 2 6  0 0 1 3 

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Rank  A   3 & Rank  AD   3  Rank  A  Rank  A D   3 (1M)
 The given system of Equations are consistent and it has unique solutions.
i.e x  y  z  6  1 y  2   2 z  3   3
Substitute y  2 & z  3 in equation (1)
 x23 6  x  5  6  x 1
 x  1, y  2, z  3 is the solution for the given system of equations. (3M)

1 2 1 
A  0 1 1
**35. If then find A3  3 A2  A  3 I . (Mar-11)
 3 1 1 

1 2 1 
Sol. Given that A  0 1 1
 3 1 1 

1 2 1  1 2 1  1  0  3 2  2  1 1  2  1  4 5 4 
A  A. A  0 1 1  0 1 1   0  0  3 0  1  1 0  1  1   3 2 2 
2
(1M)
 3 1 1   3 1 1   3  0  3 6  1  1 3  1  1  6 8 5 

 4 5 4  1 2 1   4  0  12 8  5  4 4  5  4  16 17 13 
A  A .A  3 2 2 0 1 1  3  0  6 6  2  2 3  2  2  9 10 7
3 2
(2M)
 6 8 5  3 1 1   6  0  15 12  8  5 6  8  5   21 25 19 

Consider A3  3 A2  A  3I .

16 17 13   4 5 4  1 2 1  1 0 0 
  9 10 7   3  3 2 2   0 1 1  3  0 1 0 
(1M)
 21 25 19   6 8 5   3 1 1   0 0 1 

 16  12  1  3  17  15  2  0 13  12  1  0  0 0 0
   9  9  0  0 10  6  1  3  7  6  1  0   0 0 0  0
 21  18  3  0  25  24  1  0 19  15  1  3  0 0 0

 A3  6 A2  9 A  4 I  0 (3M)

2 a a  b c  a
a  b 2b b  c  4  a  b  b  c  c  a 
**36 Show that
ca cb 2 c

2a a  b c  a
Sol. Let   a  b 2b b  c  is of third degree experssion, let a + b = 0  a = -b
c  a c  b 2c

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R1  R1  R3 , R2  R2  R3

2b 0 c b c  b c  b  c  b
 0 2b b  c  c  b c  b  c  b
(2M)
c  b c  b 2c cb cb 2c

1 1 1
  c  b  c  b  1 1 1
  c  b  c  b  0  0 R1  R2 
cb cb 2 c

  a  b  is a factor of 

similarly  b  c  ,  c  a  are also factors of  (2M)

  is a third degree experssion  for any scalar ‘k’
  k  a  b  b  c  c  a 

2a a  b c  a
a  b 2b b  c  k  a  b  b  c  c  a 
(1M)
c  a c  b 2c
put a = b = c = 1 (1M)
2 2 2
2 2 2  k  2  2  2 
2 2 2

2  4  4   2  4  4   2  4  4   8k
0  16  16  8k  32  8k  k  4
2a a  b c  a
  a  b 2b b  c  4  a  b  b  c  c  a 
(1M)
ca c b 2c
**37. By using Gaus-jordan method,show that the follwing system has no solution
2 x  4 y  z  0, x  2 y  2 z  5, 3 x  6 y  7 z  2
Sol. Given system of equations are 2 x  4 y  z  0, x  2 y  2 z  5, 3 x  6 y  7 z  2

 2 4 1  x   0 
1 2 2   y    5 
The given system of linear equation can be written as      (1M)
 3 6 7   z   2 
which is in the form of AX = D.

 2 4 1 0 
1 2 2 5 
augmented matrix [AD] =   (1M)
 3 6 7 2 

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R2  2 R2  R1 , R3  2 R3  3R1 R3  5 R3  1 1R2

 2 4 1 0   2 4 1 0 
 0 0 5 10   0 0 5 10 
(4M)
0 0 11 4  0 0 0 130 
from equilance matrix
It does not exist so that given system of equations has no solution.
2 x  4 y  z  0,5 z  0, 0  130 (1M)
PRODUCT OF VECTORS
***38. (i) Find the shortest distance between the skew lines r = (6i+2j+2k) +t(i - 2j+2k) and
r = ( - 4i - k) +s(3i - 2j - 2k) where s, t are scalars. ( March-2008, 2009)
ii) If A  1, 2, 1 , B   4,0, 3 , C   1, 2, 1 and D   2, 4, 5  , find the distance
between AB and CD. (March-07,12, 2014)
Sol. (i) Given r   6i  2 j  2k   t  i  2 j  2k   (1)

r   4i  k   s  3i  2 j  2k   (2) r  a  t b and r  c  sd ; s , t  R (1M)

Eq. (1), (2) are in the form
where a   6i  2 j  2k  ; b   i  2 j  2k  , c   4i  k  ; d   3i  2 j  2k 

a  c   6i  2 j  2k    4i  k   10i  2 j  3k

10 2 3
[a  c b d ]  1 2 2 = 10(4+4) - 2(-2-6) + 3(-2+6) = 10(8) - 2(-8) +3(4) = 108 (2M)
3 2 2

i j k
b  d  1  2 2  i  4  4   j  2  6   k  2  6   8i  8 j  4k
(2M)
322

b  d  8 2  8 2  4 2  64  64  16  144  12

[a  c b d ] 108
Hence, the shortest distance between the given skew lines is   9units
bd 12

(ii) Given: A=(1, -2, -1); B=(4, 0, -3); C=(1, 2, -1); D= (2, -4, -5)
OA  a  i  2 j  k , OB  b  4i  3k , OC  c  i  2 j  k , OD  d  2i  4 j  5k

The vector eq. of line AB is r  (1  t ) a  t b   

 1  t  i  2 j  k   t  4i  3k 
 i  2 j  k  ti  2 tj  tk  4 ti  3tk
  i  2 j  k   t  3i  2 j  2k    1 (1M)

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The vector eq. of line CD is r  1  S  OC  S OD    

 1  S  i  2 j  k   S  2i  4 j  5k 
 i  2 j  k  Si  2 Sj  Sk  2Si  4Sj  5Sk
  i  2 j  k   S  i  6 j  4k     2  (1M)

Eq. (1), (2) are in the form r  a  tb and r  c  sd ; s , t  R

Where a   i  2 j  k  ; b   3i  2 j  2k  , c   i  2 j  k  ; d   i  6 j  4k 

a  c   i  2 j  k    i  2 j  k   4 j

0 4 0
[a  c b d ]  3 2  2  0   8  12   4   12  2   0   18  2    40
(2M)
1 6 4

i j k
bd  3 2 2  i  812  j  12  2  k  18 2  20i  10 j  20k  10 2i  j  2k  (2M)
1 6 4

[a  c b d ] 40 4
The shortest distance between the given skew lines is   units (1M)
bd 30 3

***39. Let a,b,c be three vectors. Then show that i)  a  b   c   a .c  b   b .c  a

ii) a   b  c    a .c  b   a .b  c ( May- 2006, 2009)
Sol. Given a, b, c are three vectors write a , b , c are non - coplanar vectors.
Let a=a1 i; b=b1i+b2j; c=c1i+c2j+c3k

We have to prove that a  b  c  a . c b  b . c a     
i j k
LHS : a  b  a1 0 0  i  0  0   j  0  0   k  a1b2  0    a1b2  k (1M)
b1 b2 0

i j k
 
ab c  0 0   
a 1 b2  i 0   a1b2  c2  j 0   a1b2  c1  k  0  0  
c1 c2 c3

   a1b2  c2 i   a1b2  c1 j ,  a1 b2 c1 j  a1b2 c2 i (1M)

 a . c    a i  . c  c j  c k   a c
1 1i 2 3 1 1

 a.c  b   a c b i  b j   a c b i  a c b j   1

1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2

 b.c   b i  b j  c i  c j  c k  = b c  b c
1 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 2

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 b . c  a  b c  b c  a i   a b c i  a b c i    2
1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

R . H .S .   a . c  b   b . c  a

 a1 c1b1i  a1c1b2 j   a1b1 c1i  a1b2 c 2 i   a1 c1b2 j  a1b2 c 2 i  L .H .S . (2M)

(ii) Let a  a1i, b  b1i  b2 j, c  c1i  c2 j  c3k

i j k
L.H.S.  b  c  b1 b2 0  i  b2 c3  0  j b1c3  0  k b1c2  b2 c1   b2c3i  b1c3 j  b1c2 k  b2 c1k
c1 c2 c3

i j k
 
a  b  c  a1 0 0  i  0  0  j a1  b1c2  b2c1   0  k a1  b1c3   0
b2c3 b1c3  b1c2  b2c1 
  j a1b1c2  j b2 c1a1  a1b1c3 k  a1b2 c1 j  a1b1c2 j  a1b1c3 k (2M)

a. c   a1i  .  c1i  c2 j  c3 k   a1c1 ;  a . c  b  a c  b i  b j   a c b i  a c b j  1

1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2

 a .b    a i  b i  b j   a b ;  a.b  .c   a b  c i  c j  c k   a b c i  a b c j  a b c k    2
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3

R .H .S .   a . c  b   a .b  .c = a c b i  a c b j   a b c i  a b c j  a b c k 
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3

 a 1 b 2 c1 j  a 1 b1 c 2 j  a 1 b1 c 3 k

     
 a  b  c  a.c b  a.b c (1M)
***40. Find the equation of the plane passing through the points A=(2,3,-1), B=(4,5,2) and C =(3,6,5).
( March-2010-2011 )
Sol. Let ‘O’ be the origin, OA  2i  3 j  k , OB  4i  5 j  2k , OC  3i  6 j  5k
let ‘P’ be any point on the plane passing through A, B, C.
let OP  xi  yj  zk (1M)

AP  OP  OA  ( xi  yj  zk )   2i  3 j  k  =  x  2  i   y  3 j   z  1 k
A B  O B  O A  ( 4 i  5 j  2 k )  (2 i  3 j  k ) = 2i  2 j  3k
AC  OC  OA   3i  6 j  5k    2i  3 j  k   i  3 j  6 k (2M)

x  2 y  3 z 1
Hence equation of the required plane is  AP AB AC   0  2 2 3 0 (2M)
1 3 6

  x  2  12  9   y  3 12  3   z  1  6  2  0

 3  x  2   9  y  3  4  z  1  0
 3 x  6  9 y  27  4 z  4  0  3 x  9 y  4 z  25  0 (2M)

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***41. A line makes angles  1 ,  2 ,  3 and  4 with the diagonals of a cube.
4
Show that Cos  1  cos  2  cos  3  cos  4 
2 2 2 2

Sol.

Let OABCDEFG be a cube of length ‘a’ unit. Let i, j, k be the unit vectors in the directions
of OA, OB, OC respectively
then OA  ai, OB  aj , OC  ak (1M)
Let OG , AE , BF , CD be the 4 diagonals of the cube
OG  OA  AG  OA  AD  DG  OA  OB  OC  ai  aj  ak
AE  AO  OB  BE  OA  OB  OC   a i  a j  a k  a   i  j  k 

BF  BO  OA  OC  OB  OA  OC  aj  ai  ak  a  i  j  k 

CD  CO  OD   O C  O A  A D 
  a k  ai  a j  AD  OB  a  i  j  k  
let r  xi  yj  zk be the line makes angles 1 , 2 , 3 and  4 with diagonals of a cube (2M)

a .b
 cos  
a .b

r . OG  xi  yj  zk  .  a  i  j  k   a x  y  z x y z
then cos1     (1M)
r OG xi  yj  zk a i  j  k | 2 2
a x y z 3 2
3 x2  y 2  z 2

x  y  z x yz x yz
similarly cos  2  2 2 2
; cos 3  ; cos  4 
3 x y z 2
3 x y z 2 2
3 x2  y 2  z2
(1M)
 cos 1  cos  2  cos 3  cos  4
2 2 2 2

x  y  z x  y  z  x  y  z x  y  z
2 2 2 2

    (1M)
3  x2  y2  z 2  3 x2  y2  z 2  3 x2  y 2  z 2  3  x2  y 2  z 2 

4  x2  y2  z 2  4
 
3 x  y  z
2 2 2
 3

4
 cos 2 1  cos 2  2  cos 2 3  cos 2  4  (1M)
3

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***42. Show that in any triangle, the altitudes are concurrent (March-2013)
Ans. In ABC , Let the altitudes AD and BE meet in O take O as origin.

From fig. we have

BC  BO  OC  b  c ; CA  CO  OA  c  a ; AB  AO  OB  a  b (1M)

Since AD  BC, a.(c - b) = 0  a is lr to b then a .b  0

Hence a.c  a.b =0  a. c = a .b --------(1) (2M)

Also since BE  AC, b.(a  c)=0
Hence b.a  b.c = 0  b.a= b.c -----(2) (2M)
From Eq’s (1) and (2) we have a.c = b.c
Hence c.(b  a)=0  CF  AB. Hence the Altitudes of triangle are concurrent (2M)
***43. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes

   
r. i  j  k  6 and r. 2i  3 j  4k  5 and the point 1,1,1

Sol: Given planes r.  i  j  k   6

Equation of the plane in the normal form r .nˆ  p ,

where p  distance of the plane from the origin and nˆ is a unit vector perpendicular to the plane

 
r. 2i  3 j  4k  5 are in the form of r .n1  d1 and r .n2  d 2

n1  i  j  k , n2  2i  3 j  4k , d1  6, d 2  5 (1M)


Substituting these values in the relation r. n1   n2  d1   d 2 
We get    
r. i  j  k   2i  3 j  4k   6  5

r. 1  2  i  1  3  j  1  4  k   6  5 _______ (1) (2M)

Let r  xi  y j  zk

Then  xi  y j  zk  . 1  2  i  1  3  j  1  4  k   6  5
x 1  2   y 1  3   z 1  4   6  5

x  y  z    2 x  3 y  4 z   6  5
x  y  z  6    2 x  3 y  4 z  5   0 ..............(2)
Since this plane passing through the point (1,1,1)
 1  1  1  6    2  3  4  5  0

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3 3
 3  14  0    substituting in (1) (2M)
14 14
  3    3    3    3
r .  1  2    i   1  3    j   1  4    k   6  5  
  14     14     14     14 

 3   9  6  15
r .  1   i   1   j   1   k   6 
 7   14   7  14

10 23 13  69
r.  i  j  k 
7 14 7  14

 20i  23 j  26k  69
r.  
 14  14

r.  20i  23 j  26k   69 (2M)

Which is the required vector equation of the plane.
**44. a, b, c are non-zero vectors and a is perpendicular to both b and c.
2
If a  2 , b  3 , c  4 and b , c    3
, then find  a b c  . (May-2008)

2
Sol. Given a , b , c are non zero vectors a  2, b  3, c  4 and  b , c    120 0 (1M)
3
a is perpendicular to both b and c then a is parallel to b  c i .e .,  a , b  c   0 0 or 180 0 (2M)

a b c  a  b  c    a b  c c o s  a b  c   ; cos( a , b  c )  1 (2M)

 2  3
 a b c sin  b , c   a b c sin     2  3  4   12 3 (2M)
 3  2
**45. If  b c d   c a d    a b d    a b c  , then show that the points with position vectors, a, b, c
and d are coplanar.
Sol. Given  b c d    c a d    a b d    a bc   1
Let ‘O’ be the origin Let A,B,C,D be the given points
Let OA  a , OB  b , OC  c and OD  d (1M)

AB  OB  OA  b  a , AC  OC  OA  c  a , AD  OD  OA  d  a
If th e p o in ts A ,B ,C ,D a re co p la n a r th en  A B A C A D   0 (2M)

 b  a c  a d  a   0

  b  a  .  c  a    d  a    0

  b  a  .  c  d  a  d  c  a  a  a   0

  b  a  .  c  d  a  d  c  a   0 (2M)

 b .  c  d   b .  a  d   b.  c  a   a .  c  d   a .  a  d   a .  c  a   0

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 b c d   b a d   b c a    a c d    a a d    a c a   0   a a d   0

 b c d   a b d   a b c   c a d   0

 b c d    a b d   c a d    a b c  (2M)

Hence the result.
*46. For any four vectors a , b , c and d prove that  a  b    c  d    a c d  b   b c d  a

and  a  b    c  d    a b d  c   a b c  d

Sol. Given a , b , c and d are any four vector

Let m  c  d (1M)
 a  b   c  d    a  b   m

  a .m  b   b .m  a (1M)

   
 a .  c  d  b  b .  c  d  a   a c d  b  b c d  a (2M)

Again let a  b  n
Then  a  b    c  d   n   c  d    n.d  c   n.c  d

  
  a  b  .d c   a  b  .c d  (2M)

  a b d  c   a b c  d (1M)

*47. If a  i  2 j  k , b  2 i  j  k , c  i  2 j  k , find a   b  c  and  a  b   c

Sol: Given a  i 2j k , b  2i  j  k , c  i 2j k

i j k
b c  2 1 1  i  1  2   j  2  1  k  4  1  i  3  j  3  k  3
1 2 1

b  c  3i  3 j  3k -------- (1) (2M)

i j k
a   b  c   1 2 1  i  6  3  j  3   3   k  3  6   i  9   j  6   k  3
3 3 3

 9 i  6 j  3k -------- (2) (1M)

i j k
a  b  1 2 1  i  2  1  j 1  2   k 1   4    i  3  j  1  k 1  4 
2 1 1

 3i  j  5k -------- (3) (2M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

i j k
 a  b   c  3 1 5  i  1  10   j  3  5  k  6  1  i  11  j  2   k  7 
1 2 1

 11i  2 j  7k -------- (4) (1M)

a b  c   11   2    7 
2 2 2
 121  4  49  174 -------- (5) (1M)

 required answers a   b  c   9 i  6 j  3k

a b  c  174

TRANSFORMATIONS
A B C  A  B  C
48*** In triangle ABC, prove that cos  cos  cos  4cos cos cos
2 2 2 4 4 4
(March-07,10, May-07)
Sol. Given that A  B  C  1800  
  A    B    C 
RHS  4cos   cos   cos  
 4   4   4 
   A    B    C 
 2 2cos   .cos    .cos   (1M)
  4   4   4 
   A    B     A    B     C 
 2 cos    cos    cos  4   2cos Acos B  cos( A B)  cos( A B) (1M)
  4   4   
   A  B   B  A  A B C C
 2  cos       cos   cos  (1M)
  A + B + C = 180 = π
o

  2  4   4   4

  A B   B  A   A B 
 2 sin    cos    cos   (1M)
  4   4   4 
 A B   A B   B  A  A B
 2sin   cos    2cos   cos  (1M)
 4   4   4   4 
 A B   B  A A B   B  A B  A
 sin 2    cos    cos    2 sin A cos A  sin 2 A (1M)
 4   4   4 
 2cos Acos B  cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)

A B B A C  A B 
 sin  cos  cos  A  B  C  1800 then cos  sin  
2 2 2 2  2 
C B A A B C
 cos  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos = LHS (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2

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49*** If A,B,C are angles of a triangle, then prove that
A B C A B C
sin 2  sin 2  sin 2  1  2cos cos sin (May-2006,2011)
2 2 2 2 2 2
Sol. Given that A  B  C  1 8 0 0
2 A B C A  B C   B C 
LHS  sin  sin2  sin2  sin2  sin  .sin   (1M)
2 2 2 2  2   2 
A A  BC 
 1  cos 2  cos .sin  
2 2  2 
A  B C 
 sin2 A  sin2 B  sin( A  B)sin( A  B)  A  B  C  180 then cos 2  sin  2 
0

 

A A  B  C  A   BC   B  C 
 1 cos cos  sin    1 cos sin    sin   (3M)
2 2  2  2  2   2 
A  B C
 1  cos  2 cos 2 sin 2   sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)  2 cos Asin B
2  
A B C
 1  2 cos cos sin  RHS (3M)
2 2 2
2 A B C A B C
50***. If A + B + C =  , then prove that cos  cos2  cos2  2cos .cos .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
(May-2010)
Sol: Given that A + B + C = 
2 A 2 B 2C
L.H.S = cos  cos  cos
2 2 2

A B  C
 C os2  1  S in 2  1  S in 2   cos 2 A  1  sin 2 A (1M)
2 2  2

 A B   A B  2 C
 Cos   Cos    Sin  cos 2 A  sin 2 B  cos( A  B ) cos( A  B ) (1M)
 2   2  2

C  A B  2 C
C  A B 
 Sin Cos    Sin  A  B  C  1800 then sin  cos   (1M)
2  2  2 2  2 

C  A B  C
 Sin  Cos    Sin  (1M)
2  2  2

C   AB  A  B 
 Sin  Cos  2   Cos  2    cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 cos Acos B (1M)
2     

C A B
 Sin  2Cos Cos  (1M)
2 2 2

A B C
 2 Cos Cos sin = R.H.S (1M)
2 2 2

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51*** If A,B,C are angles in a trianlge, then prove that
A B C
cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4cos cos sin (May-2006)
2 2 2
Sol. Given that A, B, C are angles in triangle  A  B  C  180o  1
 A B   A B 
LHS  cos A  cos B  cos C  2 cos   cos    cos C (1M)
 2   2 

C D C D
 cos C  cos D  2 cos   .cos  
 2   2 
C  A B   2 C C   A B  C A
 2sin cos    1 2sin   1 2sin  cos    sin   cos A  1 2sin2 (3M)
2  2   2 2  2  2 2
C   A B   A  B  C A B
 1 2sin cos    cos    1 2sin 2cos cos 
2  2   2  2 2 2
 cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 cos Acos B
A B C
 1  4 coscos sin  RHS (3M)
2 2 2
52***. If, A,B,C are angles in a triangle, then prove that
A B C  A  B  C
sin  sin  sin  1  4 sin .sin .sin ( March-11, 2014)
2 2 2 4 4 4
Sol. Given that A, B, C are angles in triangle  A  B  C  180o  1
A  B  C
RHS  1  4 sin sin sin (1M)
4 4 4
  A    B     C 
 1  2sin   2sin   sin  
 4   4   4 
   A     B  C     B   C 
 1 2sin   cos     cos     cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 sin A sin B
 4   4 4   4 4 

  A C B    B  C  
 1  2 sin    cos    cos      (1M)
 4   4   2  4  
  A C B  B  C 
 1  2 sin    cos    sin     from 1 
 4   4   4 

  A CB   A  BC 
 1  2sin   cos    2sin sin    sin( A B)  sin( A B)  2sin Acos B (1M)
 4   4  4  4 
  A C  B    A C  B     A BC     A B  C 
 1 sin     sin     cos     cos    (1M)
 4 4   4 4    4 4   4 4 
  C  A B     AC  B     A B C     A B  C 
 1 sin    sin    cos    cos   (1M)
 4   4   4   4 
 A B C C  A B   A B C  AC  B        A  A
 1  sin    sin    cos    cos    from 1 
 4   4   4   4 

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C B  A
 1  sin  sin  cos  0   cos    (1M)
2 2 2 2
C B A A B C
 1  sin
 sin  1  sin  sin  sin  sin (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2
53*** If A  B  C  180 0 , then prove that
A B C  A B C
cos 2  cos 2  cos 2  2  1  sin sin sin  ( March-2012)
2 2 2  2 2 2
Sol. Given that A, B, C are angles in triangle  A  B  C  180o  1
2 A B C
LHS  cos  cos2  cos2  cos2 A  1 sin2 A
2 2 2
A B C
 1  sin 2  cos 2  cos 2  cos2 A  sin2 B  cos( A  B)cos( A  B) (1M)
2 2 2
B A C   A B   A B  2 C
 1  cos2  sin2  cos2  1  cos   .cos    cos  (1M)
2 2 2   2   2  2
C  A B  2 C
 1  sin .cos    1  sin
2  2  2

C   A B  C C  A B 
 2  sin cos    sin   A  B  C  180 0 then sin  cos   (2M)
2   2  2 2  2 
C   A B   A  B 
 2  sin cos 
2   2 
  cos    cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 sin A sin B
 2 
C A B A B C
 2  sin  2 sin sin   2  2 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
 A B C
 2 1  sin sin sin   RHS (3M)
 2 2 2
54***. If A,B,C are angles in a triangle, then prove that
A B C
cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4sin sin sin (May-2009)
2 2 2
Sol. Given that A, B, C are angles in triangle  A  B  C  180o  1
C D C D
 cos C  cos D  2 cos   .cos  
 2   2 

 A B   A B  A
LHS  cos A  cos B  cos C  2 cos   cos    cos C  cos A  1 2sin2 (1M)
 2   2  2
 C  A B 
 2 cos  90o   cos    cos C  from 1  (1M)
 2  2 
C  A B  2C C   A B  C C  A B 
 2sin cos   1 2sin  1 2sin cos    sin   A BC 180 then sin  cos
0

2  2  2 2  2  2 2  2 

C   A B  C C   A B   o  A  B  
 1  2sin cos    sin   1  2sin cos    sin  90       from 1  (3M)
2   2  2 2  2    2  

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C   AB  A  B  C  A B   cos( A  B )  cos( A  B )
 1  2 sin  cos  2   cos  2    1  2 sin 2  2 sin 2 sin 2 
2         2 sin A sin B

A B C
 1  4sin sin sin  RHS (2M)
2 2 2
A B C A  B  C
55***. In triangle ABC, prove that cos  cos  cos  4cos cos cos
2 2 2 4 4 4
(March-2005)
Sol. Given that A, B, C are angles in triangle  A  B  C  180o  1
   A    B    C      A     B     C 
RHS  4cos   cos   cos    2 2cos   cos   cos   (1M)
 4   4   4    4   4   4 

    A  B     A   B     C 
 2cos   cos  cos   cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 cos Acos B
  4   4   4 
  2  A  B   A  B     C      A  B    A  B     C 
 2 cos    cos   cos    2 cos       cos   cos   (1M)
  4   4   4    2  4    4   4 

  A B   A B     C   A B     C   A B    C 
 2 sin    cos  cos   2sin   cos   2cos cos   (1M)
  4   4   4   4   4   4   4 
 sin( A  B)  sin( A  B)  2 sin A cos B

  A  B   C   A  B    C   A  B   C   A  B   C 
  sin    sin    cos    cos   (1M)
  4   4   4   4 
   C  C     C    C     A    A     B   B 
  sin    sin    cos    cos   (1M)
  4   4   4   4 
  2  2C  o  2A   2B 
  sin    sin 0   cos    cos    (1M)
  4    4   4 
   C  A B
  sin      cos  cos cos  -θ  = cosθ
  2 2  2 2
A B C
 cos  cos  cos  LHS (1M)
2 2 2
56*** If A  B  C  2S , then prove that
SA SB C
cos  S  A   cos  S  B   cos C  1  4cos cos cos
2 2 2
Sol. LHS = cos  S  A   cos  S  B   cos C

 S  A S  B   S  A S  B  CD C D
 2 cos   cos    cos C  cos C  cos D  2 cos   .cos  
 2   2   2   2 
 2S  A  B   B  A 
 2cos   cos    cos C  A  B  C  2S  (2M)
 2   2 

 A B C  A B   B A A
 2 cos   cos    cos C  cos A  2cos2 1
 2   2  2

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C  B A 2 C C   B A C
 1  2cos cos    2cos  1  2cos  cos    cos  (2M)
2  2  2 2  2  2
  B  AC   B  AC 
C     C  BC  A  B  AC 
2 2
 1  2cos  2cos    cos     1  4cos 2 .cos  4
.cos 
4

2  2   2       (1M)

    

C  2S  A  A   B  2S  B  C cos 2  S  A 2 B  S 
 1  4cos .cos   .cos    1  4cos .cos .cos
2  4   4  2 4 4
C  S  A SB C  S  A SB
 1  4 cos .cos   .cos    1  4 cos .cos   .cos   (2M)
2  2   2  2  2   2 
57***. IF A + B + C = 2S, then prove that
A B C
cos(S–A)+cos(S–B)+cos(S–C)+cosS  4cos cos cos
2 2 2

CD C D
Sol: L.H.S = cos(S–A)+cos(S–B)+cos(S–C)+cosS  cos C  cos D  2 cos   .cos  2 
 2   

 S  A S  B   S  AS  B   S C  S   S C  S 
= 2 cos  2
 cos 
  2
  2 cos 
  2
. cos 
 2

 (1M)
 

2s   A  B     A  B   2s  C   C 
 2cos   .cos    2cos  2 .cos  2   cos  A  cos A
 2   2      (1M)

C  B A  A B  C C  B A  A  B 
= 2 cos cos   2 cos
 
. cos = 2 cos
  cos  2   cos  2   (2M)
2  2   2  2 2     

C  B  A A B   B  A  A  B  C  2B   2 A 
= 2cos  2cos   .cos    2cos 2cos  .cos   (2M)
2  4   4  2  4   4 
A B C
 4 cos .cos .cos  R.H .S (1M)
2 2 2

58***. Suppose     is not an od multiple of , m is a non zero real number such that
2
sin     1  m    
m  1 and cos      1  m , then prove that tan      m. tan    
4  4 
sin     1  m
Sol:  By componendo and dividend
cos     1  m

a c

b d
by com pou n den do &
sin      cos     1  m  1  m
d iv id e n d o
sin      cos     = 11m 11m (1M)
a  b c  d

a  b c  d

sin      cos      1 C D C D

  sin C  sin D  2 sin   .cos  
sin      cos     1m 1  2   2 

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m sin      cos       1sin      cos     (2M)

  
m sin      sin  90        1 sin      sin  90       
      90           90     
m  2sin   cos   
  2   2 

      90           90      
  2cos   sin   
 2 2
     (1M)
C D C D
 sin C  sin D  2 cos   .sin  
 2   2 

 
m sin  45    cos  45       cos  45    sin    45      cos   A  cos A  sin(A)  sin A

   
sin     .cos    
4  4   1  tan       m.tan     
    (3M)
    m 4  4 
cos     .sin    
4  4 

3
***59. If A  B  C  prove that cos 2 A  cos 2B  cos 2C  1  4sin A sin B sin C (Mar-2013)
2
3
Sol: Given that A  B  C   270 0
2
A  B  2700  C
L.H.S  cos 2 A  cos 2 B  cos 2C cos2 A  1  2sin2 A

CD C D
 2 cos  A  B  cos  A  B   1  2sin 2 C cos C  cos D  2 cos  2  .cos  2  (1M)
   

 2 cos  270 0  C  cos  A  B   1  2 sin 2 C

 2sin C cos  A  B   1  2sin 2 C (2M)

 1  2sin C  cos  A  B   sin C 


 1  2 sin c cos  A  B   sin  270 0   A  B    (2M)

 1  2sin C  cos  A  B   cos  A  B   cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 sin A sin B

 1  2 sin C  2 sin A sin B   1  4 sin A sin B sin C

(2M)
 R . H .S

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***60. If none of A,B,A+B is an integral multiple of  , then prove that
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) A B
 tan cot
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B) 2 2
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B)
Sol: L.H.S. =
1  cos A  cos B  cos( A  B)

1  cos( A  B)  (cos A  cos B) C  D C D

=  cos C  cos D  2 sin   sin  
1  cos( A  B)  cos A  cos B  2   2 

 A B    A  B   A  B 
2sin 2     2sin   sin  
 2    2   2  A

 A B    A B   A B  1 cos A  2sin2 (3M)
2sin 2     2sin   sin   2
 2    2   2 

 A B   A  B   A B 
2sin    sin    sin  
 2   2   2   sin( A B)  sin( A B)  2sin Acos B

 A  B   A B   A  B   sin( A B) sin( A B)  2cos Asin B
2sin    sin    sin  
 2   2   2 

A B
2sin cos
 2 2  tan A cot B
A B =R.H.S (4M)
2cos sin 2 2
2 2

A B C   A    B   C 
61**.In triangle ABC, P.T sin  sin  sin  1  4 cos   . cos   sin  
2 2 2  4   4   4 
Sol: Given that A, B, C are angles in triangle  A  B  C  180o  1

   A    B    C 
R.H.S.  1 4cos   cos   sin   cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 cos A cos B
 4   4   4 
    A     B   A  B  C  C 
 1  2 2cos   cos   sin   (1M)
  4   4   4 

   A  B    A   B   A  B 
 1  2 cos     cos    sin  
  4 4   4 4   4 

    A B   B  A   A  B 
 1  2 cos       cos   sin   (2M)
  2  4   4   4 

  A B   B  A   A  B 
 1  2 sin    cos   sin  
  4   4   4 
 sin( A  B )  sin( A  B )  2 sin A cos B
 A B 
2  A B   B  A
 1  2sin    2sin   cos   2
 4   4   4   cos 2 A  1  2 sin A

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  A B   A B B  A  A B B  A
  1  2sin 2     sin     sin    (2M)
  4   4 4   4 4 

 A B  B A C  A B 
  cos 2    sin  sin  A  B  C  1800 then sin  cos  
 4  2 2 2  2 

 A B  B A
  cos    sin  sin
 2  2 2
C B A
  sin
 sin  sin  L.H .S. (2M)
2 2 2
62**. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that sin 2A - sin 2B + sin 2C = 4cos A sin B cos C.
Sol: Given that A, B, C are angles in triangle  A  B  C  180o  1

C D C D
L.H.S = Sin 2A – sin 2B + sin 2C sin C  sin D  2 cos   .sin  
 2   2 

 2 A  2B   2 A  2B   A  B  C  180 0 then cos  A  B    cos C

 2cos   sin    2sin C cos C (2M)
 2   2  sin  A  B   sin C

 2 cos  A  B  .sin  A  B   2 sin C cos C

 2 cos C sin  A  B   2 sin C cos C (2M)
 2 cos C  sin  A  B   sin C  = 2 cos C  sin  A  B   sin  A  B   sin( A  B )  sin( A  B )  2 cos A sin B
= 2 cos C 2 cos A sin B  = 4cos A sin B cos C (3M)
63*. If A  B  C  900 , then show that i) sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2 C  1  2sin A sin B sin C
ii) sin 2 A  sin 2B  sin 2C  4cos A cos B cos C
Sol. Given that A  B  C  90o  1
(i) L.H .S.  sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2 C
 1  cos2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2 C
 1  cos2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2 C cos2 A  sin2 B  cos( A  B)cos( A  B) (2M)
 1  cos  A  B  cos  A  B  sin2 C

 1 sin C cos  A  B   sin2 C  A  B  C  900 then cos  A  B  sin C (2M)

 1  sin C cos  A  B   sin C 

 1  sin C cos  A  B   cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 sin A sin B

 1 sin C  2sin Asin B
 1 2sin Asin B sin C = R.H.S (3M)
(ii) given that A  B  C  90 0

C D C D
LHS  sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2C  sin C  sin D  2 sin   .cos  
 2   2 
 2 A  2B   2 A  2B 
 2 sin   cos    sin 2C  2 sin  A  B  cos  A  B   sin 2C (2M)
 2   2 

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

 2 sin  90  C  cos  A  B   sin 2 C  from 1  
o
2 sin Acos A  sin 2 A
 2 cos C cos  A  B   2 sin C cos C
 2 cos C  cos  A  B   sin C  (2M)
 2 cos C  cos  A  B   sin  90 o   A  B     from 1 

 2cos C cos  A  B   cos  A  B    2 cos C  2 cos A cos B  cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 sin A sin B
 4 cos A cos B cos C  RHS (3M)
64*. I f A + B + C = 0 then, pr ove that cos A + cos B + cos C=1 + 2 cosA cosB cosC
2 2 2

Sol: Given that A  B  C  00

L.H.S.  cos2 A  cos2 B  cos2 C
 cos2 A  1  sin 2 B  cos2 C

 1  cos2 A  sin 2 B  cos2 C  cos2 A  sin2 B  cos( A  B )cos( A  B )

 1  cos  A  B  cos  A  B   cos2 C (2M)

 1  cos C cos  A  B  cos2 C

 A  B  C  00
 1  cos C cos  A  B   cos C  (2M)
cos( A  B )  cos( C )  cos C

 1  cos C cos  A  B   cos  A  B  

 1 cos C  2cos Acos B  cos( A  B )  cos( A  B )  2 cos A cos B

1 2cos Acos BcosC  RH
. .S. (3M)
A B C
65*. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that sinA+sinB+sinC  4cos cos cos
2 2 2
Sol: Given that A, B, C are angles in triangle  A  B  C  180 o
L.H.S = sin A + sin B + sin C

A B   A B  C C C  D C D
 2 sin   cos
 
  2 sin cos
 sin C  sin D  2 sin   .cos  
 2   2  2 2  2   2 

C   A B  C C A A
 2 cos  cos
 
  2 sin cos
  sin A  2 sin cos (2M)
2  2  2 2 2 2

C  A B C  C  A B 
 2 cos cos   sin  A  B  C  1800 then cos  sin  
2  2 2  2  2 

C   A B   A  B 
 2cos cos    cos   (3M)
2  2   2 
C  A B
 2 cos
2 2 cos 2 .cos 2  cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 cos A cos B

A B C
 4 co s . co s . co s  R .H .S (2M)
2 2 2

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

66*. I f A + B + C = 270 then prove that cos A + cos B - cos C = -2 cos A cos B sin C.
0 2 2 2

Sol: Given that A  B  C  2700

L.H.S = cos2 A + cos2 B - cos2C
 1  Sin 2 A  Cos 2 B  1  sin 2 C  cos2 A  1  sin2 A
 1  sin 2 A  Cos 2 B  1  Sin 2C (2M)
 Cos  B  A  Cos  B  A   Sin 2C cos2 A  sin2 B  cos  A  B  cos  A  B 

  SinC Cos  A  B   Sin 2 C  A  B  C  2700 then cos  A  B    sin C

 SinC  Cos  A  B   SinC  (3M)

 SinC  Cos  A  B   Cos  A  B   cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2 cos A cos B

  SinC  2 CosA CosB 

  2 CosA CosB sin C = R.H.S (2M)
67*.If A + B + C + D = 360,P.T cos2 A+cos2B + cos2C +cos2D=4cos(A+B)cos(A+C)cos(A+D)
Sol: Given that A  B  C  D  3600

CD C D
L.H.S = cos2 A + cos2B + cos2C + cos 2D cos C  cos D  2 cos   .cos  
 2   2 
 2cos  A  B  .cos  A  B   2cos C  D  .cos C  D 

 A  B  C  D  3600 then A  B  3600  (C  D)

cos( A  B)  cos(C  D)
=2cos(A+B). cos(A-B)+2cos(A+B)cos(C-D) (2M)
 2cos  A  B  cos  A  B   cos C  D 

  A  B  C  D   A  B  C  D 
 2cos  A  B 2cos   cos  
  2   2 
  A  C  B  D   A  D   B  C  
 2 cos  A  B   2 cos   cos   (2M)
  2   2  

  A  C  2  A  C   A  D  2  A  D  
 2cos  A  B   2cos   cos  
  2   2 


 2cos  A  B  2cos    A  C  cos    A  D   
  
 2cos  A  B 2cos  A  C  .  cos  A  D  

 4 cos  A  B   cos  A  C  .cos  A  D  

= 4cos (A+B) cos (A+C) cos (A+D) (3M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

PROPERTIES OF TRAINGLES
65 21
***68 If a=13, b=14, c=15 show that R , r  4, r1  , r2  12, r3  14 .
8 2
(March-2014, May-10,Jun-11)
Sol: a=13, b=14, c=15
a  b  c 13  14  15 42 a bc
S    21 S  (1M)
2 2 2 2
s  a  21  13  8; s  b  21  14  7; s  c  21  15  6

  s( s  a)( s  b)( s  c)  21 8  7  6   s( s  a )( s  b)( s  c ) (1M)

 21 16  21  84

abc 13  14  15 65 abc
R   units R  (1M)
4 4  84 8 4

 84 
r   12 r  (1M)
s 7 s

 84 21 
r1     r1  (1M)
sa 8 2 sa

 84 
r2    12 r2  (1M)
sb 7 s b

 84 
r3    14  r3  (1M)
sc 6 s c

***69 i) If r1 = 2, r2 = 3, r3 = 6, and r =1 prove that a = 3, b=4 and c=5 (Mar-2009)

Sol: r =1, r1 = 2, r2 = 3, r3 = 6,

 = r.r1.r2.r3=1.2.3.6=36   = 6
2
 2  r .r1 .r2 .r3 (1M)

 6 6 6 
r   s    6, r  (1M)
S S r 1 s

 6 6 6 
r1    6  a    3  6  a  3 a  3  r1  (1M)
S a 6a r1 2 s a

 6 6 6 
r2    6  b    2  6  b  2b  4 r2  (2M)
S b 6b r2 3 s b

 6 6 6 
r3    6  c    1  6  c  1 c  5 r3  (2M)
S c 6c r3 6 s c

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

Sol: ii) In ABC , If r1 =8, r2=12, r3=24, find a,b,c.
we know that

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3  2 1 1 1 1 1
       r4     (1M)
r r1 r2 r3 8 12 24 24 r r1 r2 r3

But  2  r r1 r2 r3  4  8  12  24  (8  12) 2  96cm 2   2  rr1 r2 r3 (1M)

 96 
r   4   s  24 r 
s s s

  96 
r1   s  a   24  a   24  a  12  a  12  r1  (1M)
sa r1 8 sa

  96 
r2   s  b   24  b   24  b  8  b  16  r2  (2M)
s b r2 12 s b

  96 
r3   s  c   24  c   24  c  4  c  20  r3  (2M)
sc r3 24 s c

r1 r2 r3 1 1
***70. Show that     (May-09)
bc ca ab r 2 R
r1 r2 r3 ar1  br2  cr3 ar 1 A A
Sol: LHS =     1  . as. tan  r1  s.tan (1M)
bc ac ab abc abc abc 2 2
S A S A A sin A / 2 4 RS A

abc
.2R sin A.tan 
2 abc
.2R2sin cos .
2 2 cos A / 2

abc
 sin 2

2
 a  2 R sin A (1M)

4 RS A S A 1 A B C

4 R
 sin 2   Sin 2   sin 2  Sin 2  Sin 2   abc  4 R 
2  2 r 2 2 2
1  1  cos A 1  cos B 1  cos C  A 1  cos A
      sin 2  (1M)
r 2 2 2  2 2
1
 1  cos A  1  cos B  1  cos C 
2r
1 A B C
  3   cos A  cos B  cos C   cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4 sin sin sin (1M )
2r  2 2 2
1   A B C 
  3  1  4sin sin sin   (1M )
2r   2 2 2 
1  A B C
  2  4 sin sin sin  (1M )
2r  2 2 2
1 1  A B C R
   4sin sin sin  
r 2r  2 2 2 R
A B C
4 R sin sin sin A B C
1 2 2 2 1 r 1 1  r  4 R sin sin sin (1M)
  2 2 2
r 2 rR r 2 rR r 2 R

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

***71. (i) Show that r  r1  r2  r3  4 R cos C ( March-2012)

(ii) Show that r  r3  r1  r2  4 R cos B (March 2013)
A B C A B C A B C
Sol. (i) r1  r2  4 R sin cos cos  4 R cos sin cos  r1  4 R sin cos cos (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

A B C
 r2  4 R cos sin cos
2 2 2

C A B A B
 4 R cos  sin cos  cos sin   sin  A  B   sin A cos B  cos A sin B (1M)
2 2 2 2 2

C  A B C C  C A B C
 4 R cos sin     4 R cos cos    4 R cos 2   90 0  (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
r  r3  4 R sin sin sin  4 R cos cos sin (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2
C A B A B C  A B
 4 R sin  cos cos  sin sin   4R sin cos    (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C C  C
 4 R sin sin    4R sin2  cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B (1M)
2 2 2
2 C C
L.H.S. r  r1  r2  r3  4 R cos  4 R sin 2  4 R cos C (1M)
2 2
(ii) Show that r  r3  r1  r2  4 R cos B
A B C A B C A B C
r  r3  4 R sin sin sin  4 R cos cos sin  r  4 R sin sin sin (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C A B A B A B C
 4 R sin  sin sin  cos cos   r3  4 R cos cos sin (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C  AB
 4 R sin cos   cos  A  B   cos Acos B  sin A sin B
2  2 

A B C A B C A B C
r1  r2  4 R sin cos cos  4 R cos sin cos  r1  4 R sin cos cos (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C  A B A B A B C
 4 R cos  sin cos  cos sin   r2  4 R co s sin co s (1M)
2  2 2 2 2  2 2 2
C  A B 
 4R cos sin    sin  A  B   sin A cos B  cos A sin B (1M)
2  2 
L.H.S  r  r3  r1  r2
C  AB  C  AB 
 4 R sin cos    4 R cos sin   sin  A  B  sin Acos B  cos Asin B (1M)
2  2  2  2 
 C  AB  C  A  B 
 4 R  s in
2
cos    c o s s in   (1M)
  2  2  2 
C  AB   180  2B 
 4 R sin    4R sin    4 R sin  90  B   4 R cos B  R.H .S (1M)
 2   2 

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

***72. In ABC , prove that r1  r2  r3  r  4 R (Mar-2006)
A B C A B C A B C
Sol. r1  r2  4R sin cos cos  4R cos .sin .cos  r1  4 R sin cos cos (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C A B A B C   A B  A B C
 4R cos  sin .cos  cos .sin   4R cos  sin     r2  4Rcos sin cos (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2   2 2  2 2 2
 sin  A  B   sin A cos B  cos A sin B

C    C  C C 2 C AB  C
 4 R cos  sin      4 R cos .cos  4 R cos  1    (1M)
2   2 2  2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
r3  r  4R cos .cos .sin  4R sin .sin sin (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
 r  4 R sin sin sin  r3  4 R cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
C A B A B
 4 R sin cos .cos  sin .sin  cos  A  B  cos Acos B  sin Asin B (1M)
2  2 2 2 2

C   A B  C   C  C
 4 R sin . cos      4 R sin  cos      4 R sin C .sin C  4 R sin 2  2 (1M)
2   2 2  2  2 2  2 2 2
C C
Adding (1) and (2) r1  r2  r3  r  4 R cos 2  4 R sin 2
2 2
 C C
 4R  cos2  sin2   4R 1  4R  cos2   sin 2   1
 2 2
r1  r2  r3  r  4R (1M)

***73 If P1 , P2 , P3 are the altitudes drawn from vertices A,B,C to the opposite sides of a tri
1 1 1 1  abc
2
8 3
i)    P P P 
angle respectively then show that P1 P2 P3 r ii ) 1 2 3  (Mar-2010)
8R3 abc
Sol:

1
 Area of triangle ABC  = base  height
2
1 1 1 2 2 2
 = ap1 ,  = bp2 ,  = cp3  p1  , p2  , p3  , (1M)
2 2 2 a b c
1 1 1 a b c a  b  c 2S 1
(i ) + + =      2S  a  b  c (2M)
P1 P2 P3 2 2 2 2 2 r

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JR IPE MATHS-IA LAQ SOLUTIONS

2  2  2  8 3 
iii ) P1 P2 P3     r  (1M)
a b c abc S

8  abc   abc 
3 2
abc
    (3M)
abc  4 R  8R 3 4R
ab  r1 r2 bc  r2 r3 ca  r3 r1
***74 Show that   (March-2008, May-2008)
r3 r1 r2

A B C A B C
Sol: a  2R sin A b  2R sin B  r1  4 R sin cos cos  r2  4 R cos sin cos
2 2 2 2 2 2

 A B C  A B C
ab  r1r2  (2 R sin A)(2 R sin B )   4 R sin cos cos   4 R cos sin cos  (1M)
 2 2 2  2 2 2

 C  A A  B B
 4 R 2 sin A sin B  4 R 2  cos 2   2 sin cos   2 sin cos  (1M)
 2  2 2  2 2

A A B B
 sin A  2 sin cos sin B  2 sin cos
2 2 2 2
C  C
 4 R 2 sin A sin B  4 R 2 cos 2 sin A sin B  4 R 2 sin A sin B 1  cos 2  (1M)
2  2
C
 4 R 2 sin A sin B sin 2  sin 2   1  cos 2  (1M)
2

 A A  B B C
4 R 2  2sin cos   2sin cos  sin 2
ab  r1r2  2 2  2 2  2

Now r3 A B C (1M)
4 R cos cos sin
2 2 2

A B C
 4 R sin sin sin  r (1M)
2 2 2
bc  r2 r3 ca  r3r1
ll ly we can show  r (1M)
r1 r2

A B C r
***75. Show that cos  cos 2  cos 2  2 
2
. (March-2005)
2 2 2 2R
A B C
Sol. LHS  cos 2  cos 2  cos 2
2 2 2
1  cos A 1  cos B 1  cos C A 1  cos A
    cos 2  (1M)
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
     cos A  cos B  cos C  (1M)
2 2 2 2

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3 1 A B C
   cos A  cos B  cos C  cos A  cos B  cos C  1  4 sin sin sin (1M)
2 2 2 2 2
3 1  A B C 
   1  4 sin sin sin  (1M)
2 2  2 2 2 

3 1 1 A B C A B C
   4sin sin sin  r  4 R sin sin sin (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

A B C
4 R sin sin sin r
=2 1 2 2 2  2  RHS .(2M)
2 R 2R

***76. If r : R : r1  2: 5:12 then prove that the triangle is right angled at A.(May-2007,2009)
r R r1
Sol. Given r : R : r1  2 : 5 :12     k  r  2 k , R  5k , r1  12k (1M)
2 5 12
r1  r  12k  2k  10k  2  5k   2 R (2M)

A B C
 r1  4 R sin cos cos
A B C B C 2 2 2
 4 R sin  cos cos  sin sin   2 R A B C (1M)
2 2 2 2 2 r  4 R sin sin sin
2 2 2

 4 R sin
A
cos
 B  C   2 R  2 sin 2 A  1  sin 2
A 1 A 1
  sin  0 (2M)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2  sin 45
A
 450  A  900 (1M)
2
***77. Prove that a 3 cos  B  C   b 3 cos  C  A   c 3 cos  A  B   3 abc

Sol. LHS   a 2 a cos  B  C    a 2R sin A cos  B  C 

2
a  2 R sin A (1M)

  a 2 2 R sin 180 0   B  C   cos  B  C   A  1800   B  C 

  a 2 R 2sin  B  C  cos  B  C   2sin Acos B  sin  A  B   sin  A  B 

 R  a 2  sin 2 B  sin 2C   R  a2  2sin B cos B  2sin C cos C  sin 2  2 sin cos (1M)
 R  a 2 2sin B cos B  R  a 2 2sin C cos C (1M)

  a 2  2 R sin B  cos B   a 2  2 R sin C  cos C b  2R sin B c  2R sin C (1M)

  a 2b cos B   a 2c cos C
 a 2b cos B  b 2 c cos C  c 2 a cos A  b 2 a cos A  c 2 b cos B  a 2 c cosC (1M)
 ab  a cos B  b cos A  bc  b cos C  c cos B   ac  a cos C  c cos A 

c  a cos B  b cos A a  b cos C  c cos B b  a cos C  c cos A

 ab  c   bc  a   ac  b 
 abc  abc  abc  3abc  RHS (2M)

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2 A B c 
***78. Show that a cos  b cos 2  c cos 2  S  (Mar-09)
2 2 2 R
A A 1  cos A
Sol. LHS   a cos2  cos 2 
2 2 2

 a
1  cos A   a  a cos A
2
 2
(1M)

1 1 1 1

2
 a   a cos A 
2 2
 a  2  a cos A (1M)

1 1
  a  b  c    2 R sin A cos A a +b + c =2s  sin2A=2sinAcosA (1M)
2 2
1 1 R sin2A  sin2B  sin2C
  2s   R  sin 2 A  S   sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin 2C   4sin A sin B sin C (1M)
2 2 2
R
S  4sin A sin B sin C   a  2 R sin A  b  2 R sin B
2

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

**79. Show that i) ii)

Sol. (i) Now

(2M)

(1M)

Now ;

(1M)

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Now ; (1M)

RHS = (1M)

(1M)

= LHS
Hence proved

(ii)

Now (1M)

(1M)

(2M)

RHS (1M)

(2M)

**80. In show that where R is the circumradius

Sol. Case (i) : is acute
S is the centre of the circumcircle and CD is its diameter

(1M)

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Then CS = SD = R and CD = 2R. Join BD.
Then and DBC is a right angled triangle.
Then ( angles in the same segment)

(1M)
Case (ii) : is right angle (figure)

(1M)

Then BC = a = 2R = 2R. 1=2R Hence . (1M)

Case (iii) : is obtuse (figure)

(1M)

is right angled. ( angle in the semi circle)

In the cyclic quadrilateral BACD, (1M)

In

Hence .

In a similar way, we can prove

(1M)
**81. If , then show that the triangle is equilateral .

Sol. Given

(1M)

(1M)

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................. (i) (1M)

Above equation is quadratic equation in terms of

Since is real (1M)

But is not possible (1M)

................. (2)

From (1)

(1M)
Since
(1M)
Hence is equilateral

**82. Prove that

Sol.

(1M)

................ ( 1 ) (1M)

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(1M)

(2M)

......................( 2 ) (1M)

(1M)

**83. Prove that

Sol.

LHS : Nr : (1M)

(1M)

(1M)
Consider

(2M)

Dr (1M)

L.H.S= =RHS , Hence Proved (1M)

**84. If , then prove that the triangle is right angled
Sol.
Given that ; (1M)

(1M)

(1M)

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(1M)
(1M)

(1M)
or or or or (1M)
The triangle is right angled
**85. In , show that
i)
ii)
iii)
Sol. Case (i) : is acute (see figure (i) and (ii))
From A draw perpendicular to BC.
In right angled triangle ABD, (1M)
Hence

Also (by Pythagoras theorem)

In from fgiure (i) (1M)

Further

from figure (ii) (1M)

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Hence [from equation (1)].
Case (ii) : is right angle. (see figure)

In right angled triangle ABC,

(by Pythagoras theorem) i.e., (1M)
Hence
Case (iii) : is obtuse angle. (see figure)

Draw the perpendicular from A to BC to meet CB produced at D.

In

(1M)
........... (2)
In (by Pythagoras theorem)
Hence
In (1M)

[from equation (2)]

Thus in all the three cases, we have proved that
Similarly, we can prove that and . (1M)
**86. The angle of elevation of the top of the point ‘P’ of the vetical tower PQ of hight ‘h’
from a point A is 45º and from a point B is 60º, when B is a point at a distance 30m
from the point A measured along the line AB which makes an angle 30º with AQ. Find
hight of the tower.
Sol. PQ = Tower hieght (h)

(1M)

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& (1M)
Also AB = 30mts.

This gives BP = AB = 30mts (2M)

Here BC = DQ
PBC, PC = BP sin60
BAD, CQ = AB sin30, BD = CQ (2M)

mts. (1M)
*87. A lamp post is situated at the middle point M of the side AC of a triangular plot ABC
with BC = 7m, CA=8m and AB = 9m. Lamp post subtends an angle 15º at the point B.
Find height of the lamp post.
Sol. Let M be the middle point of AC
MP is the lamp post
Let MP=h

(1M)

from BMP , (1M)

. . . .. . . . . ( 1 )
Given AB = 9, BC = 7, AC = 8 (1M)

Length of the median = (1M)

(1M)

mts

from (1)

(2M)

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*88. The upper th portion of a vertical pole subtends an angle at a point in

horozontal plane through its foot and at a distance 40m from the foot. Given that the
vertical pole is at a hight less than 100m from ground. Find its height.
Sol.

(1M)

Let AB be the height of the Pole = h AC = 40 AD = h/4 , DB = 3h/4

(1M)

and (1M)

In ,

In ,

From ,
(1M)

(1M)

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6400 + h2 = 200h h2 - 200h + 6400 = 0 h2 - 160h -40h +6400 = 0

h = 40 (or) h = 160
But height of the pole should be less than 100m h = 40m. (2M)
*89. AB is a vertical pole with B at the ground level and A at the top. A man finds that the
angle of elevation of the point A from a certiain point C on the ground is 60º . He
moves away from pole along line BC to a point D such that CD = 7m. From D, the
angle of elevation of the point A is 45º find the height of the pole.
Sol.

(1M)

Let h be the heght of the pole

AB = h mts
Given CD = 7 mts
; ;

(2M)

[C = First observatian; D = second observatian] (1M)

h=x+7 (2M)

(1M)

***

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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 Marks)

MATRICES
 cos  sin  
***1 If A   then show that for all positive integers n
  sin  cos  

 cos n sin n 
An   (Nov-98)
  sin n cos n 

 cos  sin  
Sol. Given A  
cos  
this problem can be proved by using mathematical
  sin 
induction.
Let S  n  be the given statement

 cos n sin n 
i.e S  n  : A n  
  sin n cos n 
for n=1, L . H .S .  A1  A (1M)

 cos sin 
. .S  
RH A
sin cos 
 L.H .S  R.H .S
 S  n  is true for n  1

let us assume that S  n  is true for n  k

 cos k sin k 
i.e Ak  
cos k 
(1M)
  sin k
for n  k  1

 cos k sin k   cos  sin  

Ak 1  Ak A  
  sin k cos k    sin  cos  

 cos k cos   sin k sin  cos k sin   sin k cos  


  sin k cos   cos k sin   sin k sin   cos k cos  

 cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B

sin  A  B   sin A cos B  cos A sin B

 cos  k    sin  k      cos  k  1  sin  k  1  

   
  sin  k    cos  k       sin  k  1  cos  k  1  

 S  n  is true for n  k  1
 By the principal of finite mathematical induction the given
statement is true for all positive integers of n. (2M)

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 3 4 n 1  2n 4n 
***2 If A    then for any integer n  1 show that A  
1 1  n 1  2n

3 4
Sol. Given A    this problem can be proved by using mathematical
1 1
induction.
Let S  n  be the given statement

1  2 n 4n 
i .e S  n  : A n  
 n 1  2 n 
for n=1, L.H .S .  A1  A

1  2 4  3 4 
R.H .S    A
 1 1  2  1 1
 L.H .S  R.H .S
 S  n  is true for n  1 (1M)

let us assume that S  n  is true for n  k

1  2 k 4k 
i.e A k  
1  2 k 
(1M)
 k
for n  k  1 , Ak 1  Ak A

1  2 k 4 k   3 4  3  6k  4k 4  8k  4k  1  2  k  1 4  k  1 
   
 k 1  2 k  1 1  3k  1  2k 4k  1  2k    k  1 1  2  k  1 

 S  n  is true for n  k  1
 By the principal of finite mathematical induction the given (2M)
statement is true for all positive integers of n.

  cos 2  cos  sin    cos 2  cos  sin  

***3 If     then show that    0
cos  sin  sin   cos  sin  sin 2  
2
2
(Mar-04, May-09,12)

 L.H.S   cos  cos sin   cos2  cos  sin  

2

Sol. Given        
2 cos sin  sin2   cos  sin  sin2  

 cos 2  cos 2   cos  sin  cos  sin  cos 2  cos  sin   cos  sin  sin 2  
 
 cos  sin  cos   sin  cos  sin  cos  sin  cos  sin   sin 2  sin 2  
2 2

 cos A cos B  sin A sin B  cos  A  B 

cos  cos   cos  cos   sin  sin   cos  sin   cos  cos   sin  sin   
  (2M)
 sin  cos   cos  cos   sin  sin   sin  sin   cos  cos   sin  sin   

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cos  cos  cos     cos  sin  cos     

 
 sin  cos  cos     sin  sin  cos     

0 0   
   0      2  cos      cos 2  0 (2M)
0 0 

1 2 2
 
***04. If 3 A   2 1 2  then show that A1  AT . (Mar-09, 2014)
 2 2 1
Sol. Given that

1 2 2 1 2 2
1
3 A   2 1 2   A   2 1 2
3 (1M)
 2 2 1 2 2 1

1 2 2 
1
Now A   2 1 2 
T
(1M)
3
 2 2 1

 1 2 2   1 2 2   1 4  4 2  2  4 2  4  2 
    1 
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2    224 4  1  4 4  2  2 
Consider A. AT =   
3  2 2 1 3  2 2 1 9  2  4  2 4  2  2 4  4  1 
     

9 0 0  1 0 0 
1
 0 9 0   0 1 0   I
9     AAT  I  A1  AT (2M)
0 0 9  0 0 1 

1  2 
2  1 2   
 and B   3 0 then verify that  AB   B A
|
***5. If A   | |
[March-2013]
1 3  4  5 4

1  2 
2 1 2      2  3  10  4  0  8    15 4 
A.B     3 0     
Sol:
1 3  4  23   1  9  20  2  0  16  22  28 18 22
5 4  32

15 28
 AB 
|
  (2M)
 4 18 22

2 1 
|1  3 5   
 ; A   1 3 
|
B 
  2 0 4   2  4 

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

2 1 
1 1  3 5  
1    2  3  10 1  9  20   15 28
B A    1 3   4  0  8  2  0  16   
 2 0 4  23     22  4 18 22
 2  4  32

 AB 
|
 B | A| (2M)

yz x x
y zx y  4 xyz
***6. Show that
z z x y

R1  R1   R2  R3 

yz x x 0 2z 2 y
y zx y  y zx y
Sol. Sol: L.H.S= (2M)
z z x y z z x y

 2 z  y  x  y   yz   2 y  yz  z  z  x 

 2 z  xy  y 2  yz   2 y  yz  z 2  zx 

 2 xyz  2 y 2 z  2 yz 2  2 y 2 z  2 yz 2  2 xyz  4xyz (2M)

x2 2x  3 3x  4
x4 2x  9 3 x  16  0
***7. Find the value of x, if (Mar-06)
x8 2 x  27 3 x  64

x2 2x  3 3x  4
x4 2x  9 3 x  16  0
Sol. Given that
x  8 2 x  27 3 x  64

R2 R
R2  R2  R1 , R3  R3  R1 R2  , R3  3
2 6

x2 2x  3 3x  4 x2 2x  3 3x  4
2 6  12  0 1 3 6 0
(2M)
6  24  60 1 4 10

 x  2  30  24   2 x  3 10  6   3x  4  4  3  0

 x  2  6   2 x  3 4   3 x  4  1  0  6 x  12  8 x  12  3x  4  0  x  4  0 (2M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

1 a a2
***8. Show that 1 b b   a  b  b  c  c  a 
2
(Mar-2005)
1 c c2

R1  R1  R2 , R2  R2  R3
2
1 a a 0 a  b a 2  b2
2
1 b b  0 b  c b2  c 2
Sol. L.H.S = 2
(2M)
1 c c 1 c c2

R2  R2  R1

0 1 ab 0 1 ab
  a  b  b  c  0 1 b  c   a  b  b  c  0 0 c  a
1 c c2 1 c c2

0 1 ab
  a  b  b  c  c  a  0 0 1
  a  b  b  c  c  a 1 (2M)
1 c c2

2 1 2
***9. If A   1 0 1  Find the adjoint and inverse of A. (Mar-05,08)
 2 2 1 

 2 1 2 2 1 2
A  1 0 1  A1 0 1
Sol.
 2 2 1 2 2 1

 2  0  2   1 1  2   2  2  0    4  1  4  1  0  det A  0 (1M)
A is a non singular and A1 exists
01 11
Cofactor of 2   1 Cofactor of 1   1   1  2   1
11 1 2
 0  2  2 ,
21 21

10 12
Cofactor of 2   1   2  0  2 , Cofactor of 1   1   1  4   3
1 3 2 1

22 21

22 21
Cofactor of 0   1   2  4   2 , Cofactor of 1   1    4  2   2
2 2 2 3

21 22

12 22
Cofactor of 2   1  1  0   1 , Cofactor of 2   1    2  2  0
31 3 2

01 11

21
Cofactor of 1   1   0  1  1
33

1 0

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

T
 2 1 2   2 3 1 
 3  2  2   1  2 0  Adj A = cofactor of A T
 
    (2M)
1 0  1   2  2  1

2 3 1  2 3 1 
Adj  A
1
A  1
 1  2 0   1  2 0 
det A 1 (1M)
2  2  1 2  2 1

1 2 1 
 
***10. If A   3 2 3  then find A  1 (Mar-12)
1 1 2 

1 2 1  1 2 1   

A   3 2 3  A3 2 3   
Sol. then Hint :
1 1 2  1 1 2   

 1 4  3  2  6  3   1 3  2   1  6  1   4  0  det A  0 (1M)

2 3 1 2 3 3
Cofactor of 1   1   4  3  1 , Cofactor of 2   1    6  3  3
11

1 2 1 2

3 2 2 1 2 1
Cofactor of 1   1   3  2   1 , Cofactor of 3   1    4  1  3
1 3

11 1 2

11 23 1 2
Cofactor of 2   1  2  1  1 , Cofactor of 3   1   1  2   1
2 2

1 2 11

21 3 2 1 1
Cofactor of 1   1   6  2   4 ,Cofactor of 1   1    3  3  0
31

2 3 3 3

1 2
Cofactor of 2   1   2  6   4
33

3 2

1  3 4 
T
1  3 1 
 Adj  A  = Cofactor of A     Adj  A    3 1 0 
T
  3 1 1 
 (2M)
 4 0  4 1 1  4 

1  3 4 
Adj  A
1 
A 1
 3 1 0 
det A 4 (1M)
1 1  4

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

1 0 0 1 
then show that  aI  bE   a 3 I  3a 2bE
3
***11. If I    and E    (Mar-10,J-05)
0 1 0 0
1 0  0 1 
Sol. Given that I    and E   
0 1 0 0 
1 0  0 1   a 0 0 b   a b 
Now aI  bE  a   b      (1M)
0 1  0 0   0 a   0 0  0 a 
2
2
a b a b a  0 ab  ab   a 2ab 
and  aI  bE    aI  bE  aI  bE    
2
 
  2  (1M)
0 a  0 a  0  0 0  a 2  0 a 
3 2 2 3 2
a2 2ab .  a b   a  0 a b  2a b   a 3a b  1
&  aI  bE    aI  bE   aI  bE   
3 2
 0 a  0  0 0  a3   3  (1M)
0 a  
2
  0 a 
3 3 2
1 0   0 1   a 0   0 3a 2 b   a 3a b 
   2
3 2 2 3
a I  3a bE  a    3 a b   3
  
 0 1  0 0   0 a   0 0  0 a 
3

 aI  bE 
3
From eq(1) & (2)  a 3 I  3a 2bE (1M)

1 4 7   3 4 0 
then prove that  A  B   AT  BT
T
**12. If A    ,B   
2 5 8  4 2 1
1 4 7   3 4 0 
Sol. Given A    ,B   
2 5 8  4 2 1
1 4 7   3 4 0   2 8 7 
A B     
 2 5 8  4  2  1  6 3 7 

 2 6 
  A  B   8 3  1
T
(2M)
 7 7 

1 2   3 4   2 6 
     
and A  B   4 5   4  2   8 3    2 
T T

7 8   0  1   7 7 

A  B
T
From 1 & 2  AT  B T (2M)

 2 4
**13. If A    Find A  A | , AA| (May-07)
 5 3 
 2  4   2  5  4  9 
Sol. A  A1      (2M)
 5 3   4 3  9 6 
 2  4   2  5   4  16  10  12   20  22 
& A A1         (2M)
 5 3   4 3   10  12 25  9    22 34 

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

**14. If A and B are invertible then show that AB is also invertible and  AB   B 1 A1 (J-03)
1

Sol. A is invertible matrix  A1 exists and A A 1  A1 A  I

B is invertible matrix B 1 exists and BB 1  B 1 B  I
Now  AB   B 1 A1   A  BB 1  A1  AIA I  AA1  I (2M)

&  B 1 A1   AB   B 1  A1 A B  B 1IB  B 1B  I

  AB   B 1 A1    B 1 A1   AB   I

  AB  is invertible and  AB   B 1 A1

1
(2M)
*15. For any nxn matrix A prove that A can be uniquely expressed as a sum of a symmetric
matrix and a skew symmetric matrix.
Sol. Let A be a square matrix

A  AT  A  AT A  AT A  AT Symmetric matrix AT  A
A    (1M)
2 2 2 skew symmetric matrix AT   A

let A  B  C
1 1
where B 
2
 A  AT  ; C   A  AT 
2
(1M)

T
1  1 1
B    A  AT     A  AT    AT  A   B
T T
(1M)
2  2 2
 B is a symmetric matrix
T
1  1 1 1
C    A  AT    A  AT    AT  A    A  AT   C
T T
(1M)
2  2 2 2
 C is a skew - symmetric matrix.  A  B  C
i.e A can be expressed as a sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix.

UNIQUENESS :- If possible A = P + Q where P is a symmetric and Q is a

skew - symmetric matrix.
Now AT   P  Q   PT  QT  P  Q
T
 PT  P & QT  Q
1
Now A  AT  2 P P 
2
 A  AT   B
1
Now A  AT  2Q Q
2
 A  AT   C  A  P  Q  B  C
i.e A can be uniquely expressed as a sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew - symmetric matrix.

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

*16. Show that the determinant of skew - symmetric matrix of order 3 is always zero.
Sol. Method-(i):
Let A is a skew symmetric matrix of order 3  A T
  A (1M)

 AT   A  A   1 A
3
 AT  A & kA  k n A

 A  A  A  A 0 2 A 0 A 0 (2M)
i.e The determinant of a skew - symmetric matrix of order 3 is always zero. (1M)

(OR)
Method-(i):
Let us consider a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3

0 c b 
A   c 0 a 
  (2M)
b a 0 

A  0  0  a 2   c  0  ab   b  ca  0   abc  abc  0

Hence A  0 (2M)
ADDITION OF VECTORS
***17. Let A B C D E F be a regular hexagon with centre ‘O’.
Show that AB + AC + AD + AE + AF = 3AD = 6AO. (May-09, 11)
SOL. AB  AC  AD  AE  AF

(1M)

  
 AB  AE  AC  AF  AD 
  AB  BD    AC  CD   AD (1M)

 AD  AD  AD  3 AD  3  2 AO   6 AO (1M)

 AB  AC  AD  AE  AF  3  2 AD   6 AO (1M)
***18. In ABC , if ‘O’ is the circumcentre and H is the orthocentre, then show that
i) OA + OB + OC = OH ii) HA + HB + HC = 2 HO

OB  OC
SOL. (i) OD  (1M)
2

 OA  OB  OC  OA  2 OD    2OD  AH 
 
 OA  AH  OH (1M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

(ii) HA   HB  HC  = OA  OH  OB  OH  OC  OH (1M)

 OA  OB  OC  3OH  OH  3OH  2OH  2HO (1M)

***19. If the points whose position vectors are 3 i - 2 j - k, 2 i + 3 j - 4 k, - i + j + 2 k and
 146
4 i + 5 j +  k are coplanar, then show that  
17
SOL. Let OA= 3 i - 2 j - k, OB = 2 i + 3 j - 4 k, OC = - i + j + 2 k , OD = 4 i + 5 j +  k

AB  OB  OA   i  5 j  3k , AC  OC  OA  4 i  3 j  3k , AD  OD  OA  i  7 j    1 k

1 5  3
 4 3 3 i j k   0  AB, AC , AD are coplanar   AB AC AD   0
  (2M)
1 7  1

 1 3  3  21  5  4  4  3  3  28  3  0

 1 3  18   5  4  7   3  31  0

 3  18  20  35  93  0 (1M)
146
 17  146  0    (1M)
17
***20. a, b, c are non-coplanar vectors. Prove that the following four points are coplanar
(i) -a + 4b - 3c, 3a + 2b - 5c, -3a + 8b - 5c, -3a + 2b + c (May-10)
(ii) 6a + 2b - c, 2a - b + 3c, -a + 2b - 4c, -12a - b -3c
SOL. (i) AB  OB  OA  4a  2b  2c , AC  OC  OA  2a  4b  2c
AD  OD  OA  2a  2b  4c (1M)

4 2 2
 AB AC AD   2 4 2  abc   AB, AC , AD are coplanar   AB AC AD   0 (1M)
 
2 2 4

  4 16  4   2  8  4   2  4  8    abc    4 12   2  12   2 12    abc 

  48  48  abc   0 (2M)

 A, B , C , D are coplanar..
(ii) OA  6a  2b  c , OB  2a  b  3c , OC  a  2b  4c , OD  12a  b  3c
AB  OB  OA  4a  3b  4c ,
AC  OC  OA  7a  3c ,
AD  OD  OA  18a  3b  2c (1M)

4 3 4
 AB AC AD   7 0 3  a b c 
  (1M)
18 3 2

  4  0  9   3 14  54   4  21  0    a b c   0  a b c  = 0 (2M)
 Given vectors are coplanar..

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***21. If i, j , k are unit vectors along the positive directions of the coordinate axes, then
show that the four points 4i  5 j  k ,  j  k , 3i  9 j  4k and 4i  4 j  4k are
coplanar. (March-2014)
Sol: Let ‘O’ be the origin and A,B,C,D are given points
Then OA  4i  5 j  k , OB   j  k , OC  3i  9 j  4k , OD  4i  4 j  4k (1M)

Now    
AB  OB  OA   j  k  4i  5 j  k  4i  6 j  2k

AC  OC  OA   3i  9 j  4k    4i  5 j  k   i  4 j  3k

AD  OD  OA   4i  4 j  4k    4i  5 j  k   8i  j  3k (1M)

4 6 2
 AB AC AD   1 4 3  AB, AC , AD are coplanar   AB AC AD   0
   (1M)
8 1 3

  4  12   3    6   3   24     2  1   32  

  4 12  3  6  3  24   2 1  32 

  4 15  6  21  2  33  60  126  66  0 (1M)

Hence proved.
***22.In the two dimensional plane, prove by using vector method, the equation of the line
x y
whose intercepts on the axes are ‘a’ and ‘b’ is   1 (May-2005)
a b
Sol..Let i, j be unit vectors along OX , OY
Let A = (a, 0), B = (0, b), O A  a i , O B  bj

B (0, b)
j A (a, 0)
(1M)
o i

 The equation of line through the points A and B is r  1  t  ai  tb j , t  R (1M)

but r  xi  y j  1  t  a  x ; tb  y
x y y x x y
1 t  ; t  1    1 (2M)
a b b a a b

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**23. Show that the line joining the pair of points 6a - 4b + 4c, -4c and the line joining the
pair of points -a - 2b - 3c, a + 2b - 5c intersect at the point -4c when a, b, c are
non-coplanar vectors
Sol. Let OA  a  6a  4b  4c , OB  b  4c , OC  c   a  2b  3c , OD  d  a  2b  5c

The vector equation of the line joining points whose position vectors areOA and OB is
r  1  t  a  t b where t  R  OA  a, OB  b
(1M)
 r  1  t   6a  4b  4c   t  4c  -----(1)

The vector equation of the line joining points whose position vectors are OC and OD is,

r  1  s  OC  sOD where s  R

 r  1  s   a  2b  3c   s  a  2b  5c  -----(2) (1M)
from (1) and (2),
1  t   6a  4b  4c   t  4c   1  s   a  2b  3c   s  a  2b  5c 
Equating the components of a and b (1M)
 6  6t  1  s  s ; 4  4t  2  2s  2s
 6t  2s  7  0 ----(3); 4t  4s  2  0
2t  2s  1  0 ---(4)
(3) + (4)  6t  2s  7  0
2t  2 s  1  0
8t  8  0
t 1 (1M)

 Point of intersection of (1) and (2)  1  1  6 a  4 b  4 c  1   4 c    4c  

**24. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through points 4i - 3j - k, 3i + 7j - 10k
and 2i + 5j - 7k and show that the point i + 2j - 3k lies in the plane [March-2013]
SOL. Let OA  a  4i  3 j  k , OB  b  3i  7 j 10k , OC  c  2i  5 j  7k , OD  d  i  2 j 3k

The vector equation of the plane passing through the points whose position vectors
OA, OB, OC is r  1  s  t  a  sb  tc where s, t  R OA  a, OB  b, OC  c (1M)

    
 r  1  s  t  4 i  3 j  k  s 3i  7 j  10k  t 2 i  5 j  7 k 
AB  OB  OA   i  10 j  9k , AC  OC  OA  2 i  8 j  6k , AD  OD  OA  3i  5 j  2k

1 10 9
 AB AC AD  2 8 6
  i j k (1M)
3 5 2

  1  16  30   10  4  18   9  10  24   ( 1 ) ( i j k  = 1 )
  114   10  14   9 14     14  140  126  140  140 = 0 (2M)
 The given points are lie in the same plane.

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**25. Find the vector equation of the line parallel to the vector 2 i  j  2k and passing
through the point A whose position vector is 3i  j  k . If P is a point on this line
such that AP=15 then find the position vector of P.
SOL. Let a  3i  j  k , b  2 i  j  2k

The vector equation of the line passing through the point whose position vector is a and
(1M)
parallel to the vector b is r  a  tb ------------( 1 )

 r   3i  j  k   t  2 i  j  2k  whose t  R ------- ( 2 )

( 1)  OP  OA  t b
 OP  OA  t b

 AP  t b  AP  t b  AP  t b (1M)

 15  t 4  1  4  15  t  9  15  t  3  t  5
t = 5 Then from ( 2 )
OP   3i  j  k   5  2i  j  2k  (1M)

OP  13i  4 j  9k
t = -5 then from ( 2 )
OP   3i  j  k   5  2i  j  2k 

OP  7i  6 j  11k (1M)

**26. Let a , b be non-collinear vectors. If    x  4 y  a   2 x  y  1 b and

   y  2 x  2  a   2 x  3 y  1 b are such that 3  2  then find x and y .

SOL. Given that 3  2 
3   x  4 y  a   2 x  y  1 b   2   y  2 x  2  a   2 x  3 y  1 b  (1M)
 3  x  4 y  a  3  2 x  y  1 b  2  y  2 x  2  a  2  2 x  3 y  1 b
on comparing the coefficients of a and b
3x 12y  2y  4x  4  7 x  10 y  4 ---------(1) (1M)
6x  3y  3  4x  6y  2  2x  9 y  5 ---------(2) (1M)
Solving (1) and (2)
1  2  14 x  20 y  8
 2   7  14 x  63 y  35
----------------------
43 y  43  y  1
----------------------
substitute y  1 in equation (1)
7 x  10  4  7 x  14  x  2
 x  2, y  1 (1M)

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**27. If a  b  c   d , b  c  d   a and a , b, c are non-coplanar vectors, then
show that a  b  c  d  0

Sol: Given a  b  c   d      1 , b  c  d   a       2 (1M)

From eq. (2), d   a  b  c
Sub. In eq.(1)
 a  b  c     a  b  c   a  b  c   a   b   c

Given a, b, c are non coplanar vectors (1M)

Compare b co-efficient on both
1      1
Sub, ' ' value in eq.(1)
a  b  c   1 d  a bc  d  0 (2M)
Hence proved.

**28. If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors, then test for the collinerarity of the following
points whose position vectors are given by
i) a  2b  3c , 2a  3b  4c ,  7b  10c
ii) 3a  4b  3c , 4a  5b  6c , 4a  7b  6c
iii) 2a  5b  4c , a  4b  3c , 4a  7b  6c
Sol: i) Given a  2b  3c , 2a  3b  4c , 7b  10c
Let OA  a  2b  3c , OB  2a  3b  4c , OC  7b  10c
NoW AB  OB  OA =  2a  3b  4c    a  2b  3c 
 2a  3b  4c  a  2b  3c
 a  5b  7c -------------- (1) (1M)

AC  OC  OA   7b  10c    a  2b  3c 
 7b  10c  a  2b  3c
  a  5b  7 c -------------- (2) (1M)
Take AB  a  5b  7c       a  5b  7c 

    AC   1 AC  
AB   AC   A, B, C are collinear then AB   AC
   1 (2M)
 Given points are collinear..
ii) Sol . Given 3a  4b  3c , 4a  5b  6c , 4 a  7b  6c
Let OA  3a  4b  3c , OB  4a  5b  6c , OC  4a  7b  6c (2M)

Now AB  OB  OA   4a  5b  6c    3a  4b  3c 

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 4a  5b  6c  3a  4b  3c  7 a  9b  9c

AC  OC  OA   4a  7b  6c    3a  4b  3c 
 4a  7b  6c  3a  4b  3c  a  3b  3c
But  
AB   AC  A, B, C are collinear then AB   AC (2M)
 Given points are non collinear
iii) Sol. Given 2a  5b  4c , a  4b  3c , 4 a  7b  6c
Let OA  2a  5b  4c , OB  a  4b  3c , OC  4a  7b  6c (1M)

Now AB  OB  OA 
 a  4b  3c   2a  5b  4c  
 a  4b  3c  2a  5b  4c  a  b  c

AC  OC  OA  4a  7b  6c  2a  5b  4c   
 4a  7b  6c  2a  5b  4c  2a  2b  2c (1M)
take 
AC  2a  2b  2c  2 a  b  c 
 
AC  2 AB

AC    AB   A, B, C are collinear then AB   AC

   2 (2M)
 Given points are collinear

PRODUCT OF VECTORS
***29. Prove that the smaller angle  between any two diagonals of a cube is given by
1
cos   (Mar-10,May-10) (Jun-11)
3

SOL.. Let OABCDEFG be a cube of length ‘a” unit.

Let i , j , k be the unit vectors in the directions
  
of OA, OB, OC , respectively
  
then OA  ai , OB  aj , OC  ak (1M)
         
OD  OA  AD  OA  OC  ai  ak OE  OB  BE  OB  OA  aj  ai
          
OF  OC  CF  OC  OB  ak  aj OG  OA  AG  OA  AD  DG

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     
 OA  OB  OC ai  aj  ak AF  OF  OA   ai  aj  ak (2M)
If  is the angle between the diagonals
 
OG. AF a2  a2  a2 a2
cos       1/ 3
OG AF a2  a2  a2 a2  a2  a2 3a 2 (1M)

***30. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane passing through the points
(1, 2, 3), (2, 1, 1) and (1, 2,  4 ) .(May-2010)
SOL. Suppose i,j,k are unit vectors along co-oxdinate axes
OA  i  2 j  3k , OB  2 i  j  k , OC  i  2 j  4k (1M)

AB  OB  OA =  2 i  j  k    i  2 j  3k   i  3 j  2 k

  
AC  OC  OA = i  2 j  4k  i  2 j  3k  = - 7k

i j k
 AB  AC  1 3 2
= i [21 - 0] - j [-7+0] + k [0+0]  21i  7 j  0 k  7  3i  j 
0 0 7

 
 3  1
2 2
AB  AC  7  7 9  1  7 10 (2M)

AB  AC
unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the points A B and C is 
AB  AC

7  3i  j  3i  j
 =  (1M)
7 10 10
***31. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are A 1, 2, 3 , B  2, 3,1 and C  3,1,2
(March-08, 2014)
SOL. Suppose, i,j,k are unit vectors along the co-ordinate axes OA  i  2 j  3 k

OB  2i  3 j  k , OC  3i  j  2 k (1M)

AB  OB  OA   2i  3 j  k    i  2 j  3k   i  j  2 k

AC  OC  OA   3i  j  2k    i  2 j  3k   2i  j  k (1M)

i j k
AB  AC  1 1 2
= i ( -1 -2) - j ( - 1+4)+ k (-1-2) = -3 i -3 j -3 k =3( i + j + k ) (1M)
2 1 1

1 1 3 3
Area of  ABC  AB  AC = 3 1  1  1  Sq. units (1M)
2 2 2

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***32. Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the points
P 1, 1, 2 , Q  2,0, 1 and R  0, 2,1
SOL. Let O be the origin OP  i  j  2k , OQ  2i  k , OR  2 j  k , (1M)

  
PQ  OQ  OP = 2 i  k  i  j  2 k  = i  j  3k
PR  OR  OP =  2 j  k  -  i  j  2k  = i  3 j  k

i j k
NowPQ  PR  1 1 3
= i   1  9   j   1  3   k  3  1 =4(2 i + j + k )
1 3 1

PQ  PR  4 2i  j  k = 4 4  1  1  4 6 (2M)

PQ  PR
unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the points P,Q and R is 
PQ  PR



4 2i  j  k    2i  j  k (1M)
4 6 6

***33. If a = 2i + 3j + 4k, b = i + j - k and c = i - j + k , then compute a  b  c and verify  

that it is perpendicular to a .

i j k
b  c  1 1 1
SOL. = i (1-1)- j (1+1)+(-1-1) k = -2 j -2 k (1M)
1 1 1

i j k
a  b  c   2 3 4
 i  6  8  j  4  0   k  4  0   2 i  4 j  4k (1M)
0 2 2

  
Now  a  b   c  .a  2i  4 j  4k . 2i  3 j  4k  4  12  16  0 (1M)

 a   b  c  is perpendicular to a (1M)

***34. Find the volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are (1, 2, 1), (3, 2, 5), (2, -1, 0) and (-1, 0, 1).
(May-2007)
SOL. Let O be the given A,B,C,D be the vertices of the tetrahedran. Then
OA  i  2 j  k OB  3i  2 j  5k , OC  2i  j, OD  i  k (1M)

      
AB  3i  2 j  5 k  i  2 j  k  2 i  4 k , AC  2 i  j  i  2 j  k  i  3 j  k 

   
A D   i  k  i  2 j  k  2i  2 j (1M)

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2 0 4
1 1
 1 3 1  Volume of the tetrahedron  AB AC AD 
6 (1M)
2 2 0 6

1
 2  0  2   0  0  2   4  2  6  = 6 cubic units (1M)
6

***35. Find the volume of the parallelopiped whose coterminus edges are represented by
the vectors 2i-3j+k, i-j+2k and 2i+j-k.
SOL. Let a  2i  3 j  k , b  i  j  2 k , c  2i  j  k (1M)

2 3 1

Volume of the parallelo piped   a b c   1 1 2

=2(1-2)+3(-1-4)+1(1+2)= 14 (2M)
2 1 1

Volume   a b c   14cubic units (1M)

***36. Determine  , for which the volume of the parallelopiped having coterminus edges
i + j, 3i - j and 3j +  k is 16 cubic units (May-2005)
SOL. Let a  i  j b  3i  j and c  3 j   k

1 1 0
 3 1 0  16  volume of the parallelopiped=  a b c  (2M)
0 3 

     1  3    16     4 (2M)
***37. Find the volume of the tetrahedron having the edges i + j + k, i - j and i + 2 j + k
(May-2009)
SOL. Let a  i  j  k , b  i  j , a n d c  i  2 j  k be the edges of tetrahedron

1 1 1
1
 1 1 0  volume of the tetrahedron  1 a b c 
(2M)
6
1 2 1 6 

1 1 1
 1 1  0   11  0   1 2  1   1  1  3  cubic units (2M)
6 6 6
***38. If a=i-2j-3k,b=2i+j-k and c =i+3j-2k,verify that a  (b  c)  (a  b)  c (Mar-08,May-2011)
1)
SOL. Given that a  i  2 j  3k , b  2i  j  k , c  i  3 j  2k

i j k
ab  1 2 3
= i (2+3)- j (-1+6)+ k (1+4) =5 i -5 j +5 k (1M)
2 1 1

i j k
bc  2 1 1
= i (-2+3)- j (-4+1)+ k (6-1)= i +3 j +5 k (1M)
1 3 2

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i j k
a  b  c   1 2 3
= i (-10+9)- j (5+3)+ k (3+2)= - i -8 j +5 k (1M)
1 3 5

i j k
 
ab c  5 5 5
= i (10-15)- j (-10-5)+ k (15+5)= -5 i +15 j +20 k (1M)
1 3 2


 a bc  ab c   
***39. a = 3i - j + 2k, b = -i + 3j + 2k, c = 4i + 5j - 2k and d = i + 3j + 5k, then compute the following
  
i) a  b  c  d and  
ii) a  b .c  a  d .b   
SOL. i)  a  b    c  d 

 a  3i  j  2 k , b   i  3 j  2 k

i j k
ab  3 1 2
= i (-2-6)- j (6+2)+ k (9-1)= -8 i -8 j +8 k = 8(- i - j + k ) = 8(- i - j + k )
1 3 2

c  4i  5 j  2k , d  i  3 j  5k (1M)

i j k
cd  4 5 2
= i (25+6)- j (20+2)+ k (12-5)= 31 i -22 j +7 k (1M)
1 3 5

 
a  b  8  i  j  k , c  d  3 1i  22 j  7 k

i j k
  
a  b  c  d  8 1  1 1
 8  i   7  22   j   7  31  k  22  31  (1M)
31  22 7

   
 a  b  c  d  8 15 i  38 j  53 k  (1M)

(ii)  a  b  .c   a  d  b

i j k
ab  3 1 2
= i (-2-6)- j (6+2)+ k (9-1)=-8 i -8 j +8 k =8(- i - j + k )
1 3 2

  
 a  b .c  8  i  j  k . 4 i  5 j  2 k    8  4  5  2  88  1 (1M)

i j k
ad  3 1 2
= i (-5-6)- j (15-2)+ k (9+1)= -11
1 i -13 j +10 k (1M)
1 3 5

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   
 a  d .b   11i  13 j  10 k .  i  3 j  2 k   11  39  20  8   2 (1M)
N ow  a  b  .c   a  d  b = -88-(-8) = -80 (1M)

***40. If a  2i  j  k , b  i  2 j  4k , c  i  j  k then find a  b . b  c (Mar-09)   

SOL. Given a  2 i  j  k , b   i  2 j  4k , c  i  j  k

i j k
a b  2 1 1
 i  4  2   j  8  1  k  4  1   2 i  9 j  5 k (1M)
1 2 4

i j k
b  c  1 2 4
 i  2  4   j  1  4   k  1  2   6i  3 j  3k (1M)
1 1 1

 a  b  .  b  c     2i  9 j  5k  6i  3 j  3k   12  27  15  54 (2M)

***41. Show that angle in a semi circle is a right angle. (May-2008)

SOL Let O be the centre and AOB the diameter of the given semicircle with reference to O as
the origin, Let OA  a  OB   a , OP  r

(1M)

AP  OP  OA  r  a (1M)
BP  OP  OB  r  a  r  a   (1M)

 
and AP. BP  r  a . r  a  r.r  a.a  a lr to b then a .b  0

 
2 2
 r  a  0  r  a  radius

Hence AP is perpendicular to BP i.e. APB  900 (1M)

***42. If a + b + c = 0, |a| = 3, |b| = 5 and |c| = 7, then find the angle between a and b.
SOL Given a  3, b  5, c  7

abc  0  a  b  c (1M)
2
 S.O.B  a
2
 b  2 a .b  c 2

a  b  2 a b cos  a , b   c a .b  a b cos  a , b 
2 2 2
(1M)

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 3   5   2  3  5  cos  a, b    7 
2 2 2

9  25  3 0 co s a , b  49  
30cos( a , b )=49-34
30cos( a , b )=15 (1M)
1 
 
 cos 60 0  a, b  600 
cos a , b 
2 3
  (1M)
43. Let a=4i + 5j- k, b=i - 4j + 5k and c=3i + j - k. Find the vector which is perpendicular to both
a and b whose magnitude is twenty one times the magnitude of c.
Sol a  4 i  5 j  k , b  i  4 j  5k & c  3i  j  k

i j k
ab  4 5 1
(1M)
1 4 5

 i  25  4   j  20  1  k  16  5   21i  21 j  21k  21 i  j  k  

a  b  21 12   1   1  21 3
2 2

c  9  1  1  11 (1M)

The vector which is perpendicular to both a and b whose magnitude is

ab
twenty one times the magnitude of c is  21 c (1M)
ab

ab
21 c
Required vector is ab


21 i  j  k  3   i  j k  
= 21 11
21 3
  = 21 33
 3 3
= 7 33 i  j  k   (1M)

      
2 2 2
**44.Show that for any two vectors a and b , a  b  a.a b.b  a.b  a 2b 2  a.b

SOL. Let a and b be any two vectors and  a, b  

2 2 2
L.H.S.= a  b  a b sin 2   (1)  a  b  a b sin  (1M)

R.H.S.=  a .a   b .b    a .b 
2

 cos 0  1
2 2 2
a . b   a b cos   0

2 2 2 2 2 2
a .b  a b cos 2   a b 1  cos 2  

b sin 2   1  cos 2   sin 2     2 

2 2
a (2M)

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from (1), (2) a  b 

2
 a.a  b .b    a.b   2

a  b   a  b  a  b 
2

a .a a .b
   a .a   b .b    ab   a 2 b 2   a .b 
2 2
(1M)
b .a b .b

***45. Show that the points (5, -1, 1) (7, -4, 7) (1, -6, 10) and (-1, -3, 4) are the vertices of a
rhombus by vectors. (March-13)

Sol. Let O be the origin.

A, B, C, D are the vertices of rhombus Now
OA  5i  j  k , OB  7i  4 j  7 k , OC  i  6 j  10k , OD  i  3 j  4k
Now AB  OB  OA  2i  3 j  6k (1M)

AB  4  9  36  49  7

BC  OC  OB  6 i  2 j  3k
BC  36  4  9  49  7

CD  OD  OC  2 i  3 j  6k
CD  4  9  36  49  7

DA  OA  OD  6 i  2 j  3k

DA  36  4  9  7
So all sides are equal (1M)
Now AC  OC  OA  4i  5 j  9k

AC  16  25  81  122

BD  OD  OB  8i  j  3k
BD  74

AC  BD (1M)
Now AC.BD  ( 4i  5 j  9 k ) . ( 8i  j  3k ) = 0

 AC  BD .
 it is rhombus  In rhombous all sides are equal but diagonals are not equal (1M)
0
**46.Let a and b be vectors, satisfying a  b  5 and a , b  45 . Find the area of the  
triangle having a  2b and 3a  2b as two of its sides (March-2008)
1
SOL. Area of triangle 
2
  
a  2b  3a  2b  1 
  
N ow a  2 b  3 a  2 b  = 3  a  a   2 b  a   6 b  a   4 b  b  (1M)

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= 2 a  b   6 a  b   8 a  b  8a b sin 45 0 (1M)

1
 8.5.5  100 2 (1M)
2
1
Substituting in (1) Area of traingle  .100 2  50 2 sq.units (1M)
2
**47. Find the vector having magnitude 6 units and perpendicular to both 2i  k and 3 j  i  k
SOL. Let a  2i  k and b = 3 j  i  k

i j k
ab  2 0 1
 i  0  3  j  2  1  k  6 
1 3 1


 3i  3 j  6k  3 i  j  2k  (2M)

 a  b  3 11 4  3 6 (1M)

ab
 6
A vector having magnitude 6 and perpendicular to both a and b ab

 6  3 i  j  2k 
   i  j  2 k  (1M)
3 6
2
**48. For any three vectors a, b, c prove that [ b  c c  a a  b] = a b c


SOL.  b  c c  a a  b  =  b  c  .  c  a    a  b   (1M)

=  b  c  . c a b  a   a a b  c

=  b  c  .  c a b  a  0  (1M)

   
c a b  . b  c .a  0  (1M)
2
=  c a b   b c a  =  a b c   a b c    a b c  (1M)
1
**49. Let a, b and c be unit vectors such that b is not parallel to c and a   b  c   b.
2
Find the angles made by a with each of b and c.
1 1
 
SOL. Given that b  a  b  c  b  a . c b  a. b c
2 2
    (1M)

Since b and c are non collinear vectors. Equating corresponding coefficients on both sides
1 1 1
a.c  and a.b  0  a c cos a, c   cos a, c 
2 2 2
     a  b  c  1 
 

 a , c   3 (1M)

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
and 
a .b  0  a , b   2
(1M)


 a makes angles with c and is perpendicular to b (1M)
3
a a2 1  a3
b b2 1  b3  0
**50. A  1, a , a  , B  1, b, b  and C  1, c, c  are non-coplanar vectors and
2 2 2
,
c c2 1  c3
then show that a b c + 1 = 0

1 a a2
SOL. A, B , C are non  co planar vectors i . e,   1 b b 2  0
1 c c2

a a 2 1  a3
Given b b 2 1  b3  0
c c 2 1  c3

a a2 1 a a2 a3
 b b2 1  b b2 b3  0  a , b , c are non coolinear vectors
c c2 1 c c2 c3

c1  c3 c2  c3 (2M)

1 a2 a 1 a a2 1 a a2 1 a a2
  1 b2 b  abc 1 b b2  0  1 b b2  abc 1 b b2  0
(1M)
1 c2 c 1 c c2 1 c c2 1 c c2

1 a a2
 1 b b2 1 abc  0   1  abc   0   0
(1M)
1 c c2 1  abc  0

**51. a , b and c are non-zero and non-collinear vectors and    0,   is the angle between
1
 
b and c . If a  b  c  3 b c a , then find sin 
1
SOL. Given a  0, b  0, c  0 and  b , c    and a  b  c    3
b c a

 a.c  b  b.c  a  13 b c a

 a , b, c are non coolinear vectors

Comparing a, b coefficients on both (1M)
1
 a .c  0,  
 b.c 
3
b c

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

1 1
  b c cos   b c  cos  (1M)
3 3

sin   1 cos2  0      sin 2   cos2   1

1 8 2 2
 1   (1M)
9 9 3

2 2
 Sin   Sin ' ve ' in Q1 , Q2  (1M)
3

52**. If a  2i  j  3k , b  i  2 j  k , c  i  j  4k and d  i  j  k then compute

a  b  c  d 
i j k
ab  2 1 3  i 1  6   j  2  3  k  4  1  5i  5 j  5k
Sol. (1M)
1 2 1

i j k
c  d  1 1 4  i 1  4   j  1  4   k  1  1
 5i  3 j  2k (1M)
1 1 1

i j k
 a  b    c  d   5 5 5
(1M)
5 3 2

 i 10  15   j 10  25   k 15  25   5i  35 j  40k  5 i  7 j  8k  

 a  b    c  d   5  i  7 j  8k   5 1  49  64  5 114 (1M)

53**. For any two vectors a and b . Then show that 1  a  2

 1 b
2
 2
 1  a.b  a  b  a  b
2

2 2
Sol: R.H.S  1  a.b  a  b  a  b

             
2 2 2 2
 1  a.b  2 a.b  a  b  a  b  2 a.b  2 b. a  b  2 a  b .a (1M)

           
2 2 2 2
 1  a.b  a  b  2 a.b  a  b  2 a.b  0  0  b. a  b  0 ; a  b .a  0 (1M)

 a  b
    a .b   a b 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 1 a b  a  b   (1M)


 1 a
2
 a 2 2
b  b  1 a
2
 2
  b 1  a   1  a 1  b 
2 2 2 2
(1M)

 L.H .S
Hence proved

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54*. Show that the points 2i  j  k , i  3 j  5k and 3i  4 j  4k are the vertices of a right
angled triangle. Also find the other angles.

Sol: Let the Position vectors of the points OA  2i  j  k , OB  i  3 j  5k , OC  3i  4 j  4k

Then AB  OB  OA  i  2 j  6k
BC  OC  OB  2i  j  k
CA  OA  OC  i  3 j  5k

 
BC.CA  2i  j  k i  3 j  5k  2  3  5 =0 
 ACB  900  C  900 (1M)
 Points are the vertices of a right angled triangle.

cos B 
BC.BA

 2i  j  k  .i  2 j  6k  cos 
a .b
4  1  1 1  4  36 a .b (1M)
BC BA

226 6 6  6 
    B  Cos 1  
6. 41 6 41 41  41 

cos A 
AB. AC

 i  2 j  6k  . i  3 j  5k 
AB AC 1  4  36 1  9  25

1  6  30 35 35
   (1M)
41. 35 41. 35 41

 35 
 A  Cos 1   (1M)
 41 

a .c a .d
*55. Show that for any four vectors a, b, c and d a  b . c  d     b.c b.d
and in

   
2 2 2 2
particular a  b  a b  a .b

SOL. Proof:  a  b . c  d   a . b  c  d 
 a  b .d  c   b .c  d    a .c   b .d    a .d  b .c 

a .c a .d
 (2M)
b .c b .d
In the above formula if c  a and d  b then
a .a a .b
(a  b ) 2   a  b  .  a  b     a .a   b .b    a .b   a 2b 2   a .b 
2 2
(2M)
b .a b .b

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*56. Show that in any triangle, the perpendicular bisectors of the sides are concurrent.
Ans. In the given triangle ABC, let the mid points of BC,CA and AB be D, E and F respectively.
Let the perpendicular bisectors drawn to BC and CA at D and E meet at O.
Join OE with respect to O. Let the position vectors of A,B and C be a , b and c respectively..

A
F E

B C
D

From fig. we have OA  a , OB  b , OC  c

BC  b  c , CA  c  a , AB   a  b
1 1 1
OD 
2
 b  c  ; OE   c  a  , OF   a  b 
2 2
(1M)

1
Since OD  BC ,
2
 b  c  . b  c   0 ,  a is lr to b then a.b=0
2
 0..... 1 
2
Hence c  b (1M)

1
Since OE  CA,  c  a  .  c  a   0 ,
2
Hence a  c  0.......  2 
2 2
(1M)
On adding eq. (1) and eq. (2), we obtain
a  b  0 i.e. b  a  0   b  a  b  a   0
2 2 2 2

1
hence
2
b  a b  a   0 i.e. O F  A B (1M)
*57. If a, b, c are unit vectors such that a is perpendicular to the plane of b, c and the angle

between b and c is , then find a  b  c
3
SOL. Given that a  b  c  1  a is perp en dicula ry to pla ne b , c  a.b  0, a.c  0

Given that  b,c   (1M)
3
2  a .b   2  b .c  .2  c .a 
2 2 2 2
Now a  b  c  a  b  c (1M)


= 1  1  1  2  0   2 b c cos  2  0 (1M)
3
1
 3  2 11  4
2
 a b c  2 (1M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

*58. If a = (1, -1, -6), b = (1, -3, 4) and c = (2, -5, 3), then compute the following
i) a. (b  c) ii) a  (b  c) iii) (a  b)  c
1 1 6
1 3 4  1 9  20  1 3  8  6 5  6
Ans.(i) a. b  c   a b c  =       =0 (1M)
2 5 3

(ii) a   b  c    a .c  b   a .b  c (1M)

 a .c    i  j  6k  .  2 i  5 j  3k   2  5  18  11

 a.b    i  j  6k  . i  3 j  4k  =1+3 - 24= - 20

(a .c )b  (a .b )c (1M)
= - 11( i - 3 j+4k)+20(2 i - 5 j+3k) =- 11 i + 33 j - 44k+40 i -100 j+60k = 29 i - 67 j+16k
(iii) b.c=( i - 3 j+4k).(2 i-5 j+3k) =2+15+12=29

 a  b   c   a .c  b   b .c  a
= - 11( i - 3 j+4k) - 29( i - j - 6k) = - 11 i+33 j - 44k - 29 i+29 j+174k
= - 40 i+62 j+130k (1M)
TRIGONOMETRY UPTO TRANSFORMATIONS
***59. If A  B  45 , Prove that
i) (1+tanA) (1+tanB) = 2 (May-11)
ii) (cot A - 1) (cot B - 1) = 2 (March-07, May-09)
3
(iii) If A  B  , then show that 1  TanA1  TanB   2
4
Sol: (i) A  B  45  tan (A + B) = tan 45
tan A  tan B tan A  tan B
1  tan( A  B )  (1M)
1  tan A. tan B 1  tan A tan B
 tan A  tan B  tan A tan B  1
adding ‘1’ on both sides
 1  tan A  tan B  tan A tan B  2 (1M)
 (1  tan A)  tan B (1  tan A)  2
A  B  45  cot (A + B) = cot 45
cot A.cot B  1 cot A cot B  1
(ii)  1;  cot( A  B )  (1M)
cot A  cot B cot A  cot B
cot A cot B  1  cot A  cot B
cot A cot B  cot A  cot B  1
adding ‘1’ on both sides (1M)
cot A cot B  cot A  cot B  1  1  1
cot A(cot B  1)  1(cot B  1)  2
(cot B  1) (cot A  1)  2 (or) (cot A  1) (cot B  1)  2 (1M)

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3
(iii) Given that A  B 
4
3 tan A  tan B
 Tan( A  B )  Tan  tan( A  B )  (1M)
4 1  tan A tan B

TanA  TanB
  1
1  TanATanB
 T anA  T anB   1  T anA T anB
 1  TanB  TanA  TanATanB (1M)
adding ‘1’ on both sides
 1  1  1  TanB  TanA  TanATanB (1M)
 2  (1  TanA)(1  TanB ) (1M)
Tan  sec  1 1  sin 
***60. Prove that  (March-2014)
Tan  sec   1 cos 

Sol.
2
2
Tan  sec  1 tan   sec  sec   tan 

 sec2   tan2   1 (1M)
Tan  sec  1 tan   sec  1
 tan   sec     sec   tan   sec   tan  
 a2  b2   a  b a  b (1M)
 tan   sec   1

 tan   sec  1  sec   tan  
 tan   sec   1
 tan   sec  (1M)
sin  1 1  sin 
   (1M)
cos  cos  cos 

   3   7   9  1
***61. Prove that  1  cos   1  cos   1  cos   1  cos   16
 10   10   10   10 

   3   7   9  
Sol: L.H.S =  1  cos   1  cos   1  cos   1  cos    18 0
 10   10   10   10  10
=(1 + cos 180 )(1 + cos 540 )(1 + cos 1260 )(1 + cos 1620 ) (1M)
=(1 + cos 18 )(1 + sin 36 )(1 - sin 36 )(1 - cos 18 )
0 0 0 0 (1M)
= (1 - cos2 180 ) (1 - sin2 360 )  sin 2 180 cos 2 360
2 2
 5  1  5  1 1 5 1 5 1
     sin180  cos360  (2M)
 4   4  16 4 4
sin16A
***62. If A is not an integral multiple of  , prove that cos A.cos2A.cos 4A.cos 8A=
16sinA
2π 4π 8π 16π 1
and hence deduce that cos .cos .cos .cos = (March-09,12)
15 15 15 15 16
Sol: L.H.S. = cos A cos 2A. cos 4A. cos 8A
Multiply and divided with 2sinA
2sin A
 cos A cos 2A. cos 4A. cos 8A (1M)
2sin A

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2sin 2A
 cos 2A. cos 4A. cos 8A sin2 A  2sin Acos A (1M)
4sin A
2sin 4A 2sin8A sin 16 A
 cos 4A. cos 8A  cos 8A = (1M)
8sin A 16sin A 16 sin A
sin 16 A
Take cos A. cos2A. cos4A. cos8A = ........ (1)
16 sin A
2
Put A  in (1)
15

 2   32   2 
sin16   sin   sin  
2 4 8 16  15    15    15   1
cos cos cos cos  (1M)
15 15 15 15 2  2  2 16
16sin 16sin 16sin
15 15 15
***63. Let ABC be a triangle such that cotA+cotB+ cotC = 3 then prove that ABC is an
equilateral triangle.
Sol: In a triangle ABC  A  B  C  1800
cotA+cotB+ cotC = 3
Let cot A = x,. cot B = y, cot C = z  x + y + z = 3 (1M)
Then,  cot A. cot B  1 (1M)
Then,   x  y 2   ( x 2  y 2  2 xy ) =  x 2   y 2  2  xy
= x 2  y 2  z 2  y 2  z 2  x 2  2( xy  yz  zx)
= 2 x 2  2 y 2  2 z 2  2xy  yz  zx 
 2 
= 2x  y  z   2xy  yz  zx   2xy  yz  zx 
 

 2
  
= 2 3  21  21 =2 - 2 = 0 (1M)
 
2
 x  y   0  x  y  0, y  z  0, z  x  0  x  y  z

 cot A  cot B  cot C  A  B  C  ABC is an equilateral triangle (1M)

***64. Prove the tan700 - tan200 = 2tan 500

Sol: 
tan500  tan 700  200   (1M)

tan 70   tan 20  tan A  tan B

 tan( A  B)  (1M)
1  tan 70  tan 20  1  tan Atan B
tan 70  tan 20 tan 70  tan 20
  (1M)
1  cot 20 tan 20 2
tan 700  tan 200  2 tan 500 (1M)

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***65. For A  R , Prove that
1 1
i) sin A  sin  60  A  .sin  60  A    4 sin 3 A ii) cos A.cos  60  A  cos(60  A)  cos 3 A
4
3  2 3 4 1
iii) sin 200.sin 400.sin 600.sin 800  iv) cos .cos .cos .cos 
16 9 9 9 9 16

Sol: i) sin A  sin  60  A .sin  60  A  = sinsinA3Asin2 600  sin2 A  sin( A  B )sin( A  B )  sin2 A  sin2 B

3 2 
= sin A   sin A 
4  
sin A
=
4

3  4sin 2 A   sin 3 A  3sin A  4sin 3 A
1 1
=
4

3 sin A  4 sin 3 A = sin 3 A
4


ii) cos A.cos  60  A  cos(60  A) =

 cos A3cos
cos A 2 600  sin2 A  cos( A  B )cos( A  B )  cos2 A  sin 2 B

1 2 
= cos A   sin A 
4  

1 
= cos A   1  cos A 
2

4 



cos A 1  4  4 cos 2 A   cos A  4 cos 2 A  3   cos 3 A  4cos 3 A  3cos A
4 4
1 1
=
4

4 cos 3 A  3cos A  cos 3 A
4

1
iii) sin 20º. sin 40º. sin 60º. sin 80º  sin A sin  60  A  sin  60  A   4 sin 3 A
o o

1 1 2 0 1 3 3
= sin  3  20  .sin 60 sin 60 =  
0 0

4 4 4 4 16

 2 3 4
iv) cos .cos .cos .cos
9 9 9 9
1
 cos 200.cos 400.cos 600.cos 800   
 cos A cos 60o  A cos 60o  A   4
cos 3 A

1 1 1 1 1
= cos(60).cos 60    
4 4 2 2 16

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS


***66. If 3A is not an odd multiple of ,Prove that tan A.tan  600  A .tan  600  A  tan 3 A ; and
2
hence find the value of tan 6 0 . tan 42 0 . tan 66 0 . tan 78 0
1
Ans: We know that sin A sin(60+A) sin(60-A) = sin 3 A and
4
1
cos A cos(60+A) cos(60-A) = cos3A (1M)
4
1
 0
 0
sin A sin 60  A sin 60  A
. .
  4 sin 3 A
 
cos A cos 600  A cos 600  A   = 1 cos 3 A  tan 3 A
4
 tan A tan(60  A) tan(60  A)  tan 3 A (1M)
We know that tan 60.tan  600  60  .tan  600  60   tan 3  6  tan180  1
tan 6 tan 54 tan 66  tan18 .............. (1)
 
tan180.tan 600  180 .tan 600  180    tan 3 18  tan 540  2
tan18 tan 42 tan 78  tan 54 ............. (2) (1M)
From multiplication of (1) and (2)
We get tan 60. tan 420. tan 660.tan 780  1 (1M)
4  3 5 7 3
***67. i) Prove that sin  sin4  sin4  sin 4 
8 8 8 8 2
4   4  3  4  5  4  7 
Sol. i) Take L.H.S  sin    sin    sin    sin  
8  8   8   8 
        
 sin 4  sin 4     sin 4     sin 4     (1M)
8 2 8 2 8  8

      
 sin 4  cos 4  cos 4
 sin 4  2  sin 4  cos 4  (1M)
8 8 8 8  8 8

  
2
 
 2  sin 2  cos 2   2 sin 2 cos 2   a 2  b 2   a  b   2ab (1M)
2

 8 8 8 8 

 1   1 3
 2 1  sin 2 2   2  sin 2  2   sin 2   cos 2   1 (1M)
 2 8 4 2 2
2  2 3 9
ii) Prove that cos  cos 2  cos 2  cos 2 2
10 5 5 10
 2 3 9  
Sol : L.H.S = cos
2
 cos 2  cos 2  cos 2 2   180 ,  360
10 5 5 10 10 5
= cos 2 180  cos 2 720  cos 2 1080  cos 2 1620 (1M)
= cos2 180  cos2 (900 180 )  cos2 (900 180 )  cos2 (1800 180 ) (1M)
= cos 2 18 0  sin 2 18 0  sin 2 18 0  cos 2 18 0 (1M)

= 2  cos 2 180  sin 2 180  = 2(1) = 2 = R.H.S  cos2   sin 2   1 (1M)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

2 4 8 1  2 3 4 5 1
***68. Prove that i) cos .cos .cos  ii) cos .cos .cos .cos .cos 
7 7 7 8 11 11 11 11 11 32
2 4 8 1
Sol: i) cos .cos .cos 
7 7 7 8
2 4 8 2 4 8
Let C= cos .cos .cos ; S= sin .sin .sin (1M)
7 7 7 7 7 7

2 4 8 2 4 8
CS  cos .cos .cos sin .sin .sin (1M)
7 7 7 7 7 7

1 4  1  8  1  16 
C .S   sin  .  sin  .  sin 
2 7  2 7  2 7 
sin 2 A  2sin A cos A
1 4   8   2   1  2  4   8 
  sin  .  sin  .  sin  2      sin  . sin  .  sin  (1M)
8 7  7   7  8  7  7  7 
1 1
C .S  S C  (1M)
8 8
 2 3 4 5  2 3 4 5
ii) C= cos .cos .cos .cos .cos ; S= sin .sin .sin .sin .sin (1M)
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
 2 3 4 5  2 3 4 5
C.S= cos .cos .cos .cos .cos sin .sin .sin .sin .sin (1M)
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
1  2 3 4 5 1 1
C.S= sin .sin .sin .sin .sin = .S  C = (2M)
32 11 11 11 11 11 32 32

 2 3 4 5
***69. Prove that sin .sin .sin .sin  (March-2013)
5 5 5 5 16
 2 3 4 
Sol: L.H.S = sin .sin .sin .sin (  360 )
5 5 5 5 5
 sin 360.sin 720.sin1080.sin1440 (1M)
 sin 360 sin  90  180  sin  90  180  sin 180  360 

 sin 360 cos180 cos180 sin 360 (1M)

 sin 2 360 cos 2 180
2 2
 10  2 5   10  2 5 
    10  2 5 10  2 5
    sin360  , cos180  (1M)
4 4 4 4
   

 10  2 5   10  2 5 
    
 16  16 
100  20 80 5
    R.H .S (1M)
16  16 16  16 16

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS


**70. sec       sec       2sec  ,Prove that cos    2 cos
2
Sol: sec       sec       2sec 
1 1
  2 sec  (1M)
cos      cos     

cos       cos     
 2 sec  cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2cos A cos B
cos 2   sin 2 
2 cos  cos  2
  (1M)
cos   sin  cos 
2 2

cos .cos 2   cos 2   sin 2 

sin 2   cos 2  1  cos  
1–cos2 = cos2(1-cos) (1M)
(1+cos)(1-cos)=cos2  (1-cos)

2 2 A
 cos   2cos  2  1  cos A  2cos2
  2


 cos    2 cos  2  (1M)
 
4 2  x  y   5cot  x  y 
**71. If cos x + cos y = and cos x - cos y = , find the value of 14tan  
5 7 2  2 
Sol: Take L.H.S = cos x + cos y = 4/5

x y x y 4 C D C D
 2cos .cos  .........(1) cos C  cos D  2cos   cos  
2 2 5  2   2 
cos x - cos y = 2/7 (1M)

x y x y 2 C D C D
 2sin
 .sin  .........(2) cos C  cos D  2sin   sin  
2 2 7  2   2 

x y x y 4
2 cos .cos
(1)  2 2 5  x y  x  y  14
x y x  y 2   cot 2  cot  2   5 (2M)
(2)  2 sin . sin    
2 2 7

 x y  x y x  y   x y
 5 cot    14 tan    14 tan  5 cot   0 (1M)
 2   2  2  2 

3
**72. Prove that cos 2 76  cos 2 16  cos 76 cos16 =
4

Sol: Take L.H.S = cos 2 76  cos 2 16  cos 76 cos16 cos2 A  sin2 B  cos( A  B)cos( A  B)
2
= cos 76  1  sin 16   (1M)
2 2
cos 76. cos16  2cos A cos B  cos( A  B )  cos( A  B)
2
1
 1   cos 2 76  sin 2 16   cos 76  16   cos 76  16 
  2

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

1
 1  cos 76  16 cos 76  16   cos 92  cos 60  (1M)
2
1 1
 1  cos 92 cos 60  cos 92  cos 60 (1M)
2 2
1 1 1 1
 1  cos 92  cos 92  .  1  1  3 (1M)
2 2 2 2 1 4 4
 24 4
*73. If 0<A<B< , sin  A  B   , cos  A  B   ,find the value of tan2A.
4 25 5
24 4
Sol: sin  A  B   , cos  A  B   ;
25 5
24 3
tan (A+B)=
7
, tan (A-B)=
4
 A  B  0, A  B  0  A  B  Q4, A  B  Q1  (1M)
tan 2 A  tan  A  B    A  B   (1M)

tan( A  B )  tan( A  B ) tan A  tan B

=  tan( A  B )  (1M)
1  tan( A  B ) tan( A  B ) 1  tan A tan B

24 3

7 4 96  21 75 3
   
 24  3  28  72 100 4 (1M)
1    
 7  4 

24 3

tan( A  B )  tan( A  B ) 7 4 96  21 75 3
   
=
1  tan( A  B ) tan( A  B )  24  3  28  72 100 4
1    
 7  4 

5 1 5 1
*74. prove that (i) sin180  (May-10) (ii) cos 360 
4 4
Ans: Let A  18 , 5 A  90  3 A  2 A  90  3 A  90  2 A
Apply ‘ cos ’ on both sides cos 3 A  cos(90  2 A) cos3 A  4cos3 A  3cos A
4cos3 A  3cos A  sin 2 A ; 4cos3 A  3cos A  2sin A.cos A sin 2 A  2sin A cos A
cos A  4  4 sin 2 A  3  2 sin A  0 ; cos A  0 ; 4sin 2 A  2sin A  1  0

2  4  16  2  2 5  1  5 5 1
 sin A     sin18 
8 8 4 4
ii) cos36° = cos2(18°) = 1 – 2 sin2 180
2
 5  1  5 1 2 5 
 1  2   1  2  cos 2 A  1  2sin2 A
 4   16 

6  2 5  3  5  5 1
 1 2    1  
 16   4  4

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*75.
2 0 2
 0 2 0

Prove that sin   45  sin   15  sin   15 =1/2    
Ans:
2 0
 2 0 2

L.H.S = sin   45  sin   15  sin   15
0
   
sin2 A  sin2 B  sin  A  B .sin  A  B 

 
 sin   450   sin   150    150  sin   150    150 
2
(1M)

1
 
0 0 2
= sin  cos 45  cos  sin 45  sin 2   sin( A  B )  sin A cos B  cos A sin B
2
2
 sin   cos   1
=   2 sin 2  (1M)
 2 
1 1
=
2

sin 2   cos 2   2 sin  .cos   sin 2 
2
  sin 2  2sin  cos  (1M)
1 1 1 1
=  sin 2  sin 2  (1M)
2 2 2 2

sin  n  1   sin  n  1  

*76. Show that cos  n  1   2cos n  cos  n 1   tan  2 
 

sin  n  1   sin  n  1  C  D C D

Sol: L.H.S  cos n  1   2 cos n  cos n  1  sin C  sin D  2cos  2  sin  2 
       

C  D C D
cos C  cos D  2cos   cos   (1M)
 2   2 

 n    n     n    n   
2 cos   .sin  
 2   2 

 n    n     n    n   
2 cos n  2 cos   .cos  
 2   2 

2 cos n sin 
 (2M)
2 cos n  2 cos n cos 
 
2sin .cos
2 cos n.sin   2 2 
   tan (1M)
2 cos n 1  cos   2 cos 2
2
2

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TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
***77. Solve the following and write the general solution.
i) 2cos 2   3 sin   1  0 (May-2009) ii) 2  sin x  cos x   3 ( May-12)
iii) tan  3cot   5sec
Sol.  i  Given equation 2 cos 2   3 sin   1  0.
 2 1  sin2    3sin  1  0  cos2 A  1  sin 2 A (1M)

 2  2sin 2   3 sin   1  0
 2sin 2   3 sin   3  0


  2sin 2   3 sin   3  0 
 2sin 2   3 sin   3  0
 2sin 2   2 3 sin   3 sin   3  0

 
 2 sin  sin   3  3 sin   3  0  
3 
 
 2sin   3 sin   3  0  sin    2
  ;
3

sin   3  0 has no solution.  If sin   Sin then general solution of   n    1  ;n  Z (2M)
n


General solution is   n   1
n
; n  z (1M)
3
.  ii  Given equation 2  sin x  cos x   3.

on dividing both sides by a 2  b2  2  2  4  2

1 1 3   3  cos  x     cos 
 sin x  cos x   sin sin x  cos cos x    (1 M)
2 2 2 4 4 2  4 6
    5
 The principal solution is x   . x  = .
4 6 4 6 12
 
The general solution is x   2n  n  Z
4 6
 If cos   cos  then general solution   2n  ; n  Z

 
x  2n   , (2M)
6 4
5 
 x  2n  n z or x  2n  ; n z (1M)
12 12
 iii  Given equation is tan   3co t  5sec 
equation is valid only when sin   0, cos   0.
sin  3cos  5
   . (1M)
cos  sin  cos 

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

sin 2   3cos 2  5
 
sin  .cos  cos 
 sin 2   3cos 2   5sin 
 sin 2   3 1  sin 2    5sin 

 sin 2   3  3sin 2   5sin   2 sin 2   5sin   3  0

 2 sin 2   5sin   3  0  2 sin 2   6 sin   sin   3  0
 2sin   sin   3  1 sin   3  0

 2sin   1 sin   3  0

If sin = sin then G.S of = n +  -1  ;n  z
n
2 sin   1  0 or sin   3  0

1
sin   or sin   3 has no solution
2

sin   sin
6

G.S. of   n   1
n
;n z (2M)
6
 
, General solution is   n   1
n
Principal solution is   ; n z (1M)
6 6
  1
***78. If tan   cos    cot   sin  , then prove that cos      
 4 2 2
Sol. Given equation is tan  cos    cot  sin   .

   
 tan  cos   tan    sin   CotA  Tan   A 
2  2 


 cos   n    sin  ; n  z If tan   tan  then general solution   n  ; n  Z (1M)
2

   cos   sin     2n  1 ,
2 n  z
2n  1
 cos   sin  
2
on dividing both sides by a 2  b2  1  1  2
1 1 2n  1   2n  1
cos   sin    cos 4 cos   sin 4 sin   (2M)
2 2 2 2 2 2
 cos AcosB  sin A sin B  cos  A  B 

   2n  1   1
cos      , only n  1, 0 .satisfices above equation  cos       (1M)
 4 2 2  4 2 2

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

***79. If tan p  cot q , and p  q then show that the solutions are in A.P. with common

difference .
pq

   
Sol. Given equation tan p  cot q .  tan p  tan   q  CotA  Tan   A 
 2  2 

 If tan  tan ,then G.S of = n +;n  z

      2n  1  ; n  z
p  n   q , n  z   p  q     2n  1 (1M)
2 2 2 p  q

 3 5
for n  Z the solutions 2  p  q  , 2  p  q  , 2  p  q  ,...........which are in A.P. (2M)


with common difference is . (1M)
pq

***80. If  1 ,  2 are solutions of the equation a cos 2  b sin 2  c , tan1  tan2 and

a  c  0 , then find the values of i) tan1  tan2 , ii) tan1 .tan2 iii) tan 1  2 
(May-10)
Sol. Given equation a cos 2  b sin 2  c

 1  tan 2    2 tan   1  tan2 A 2tan A

 a   b c Cos2A  ; Sin2A  (1M)
 1  tan    1  tan  
2 2
1  tan2 A 1  tan2 A

 a  a tan 2   2b tan   c  c tan 2    a  c  tan   2b tan    c  a   0

2
(1M)
which is a quadratic equation in tan  1 ,2 are solutions of the given equation
 tan 1 , tan  2 are roots
2b ca
i  tan 1  tan  2   ii  tan 1.tan  2 
ac ca

b
 In ax 2  bx  c  0 Sum of the roots  ,
a tan A  tan B
c  tan  A  B  
Product of the roots  1  tan A.tan B
a

2b 2b
tan 1  tan  2 ac  ac b
 iii  tan 1   2     (2M)
1  tan 1 tan  2  c a  c  a  c  a a
1  
 c  a  c  a

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

***81. If  ,  are solutions of the equation
aCos  bSin  c a , b, c  R and a 2  b2  0, Cos  Cos , S in   Sin , then show
2bc c2  a2
that i) Sin  sin   ii) Sin .sin  
a  b2
2
a 2  b2
2ac c 2  b2
iii) Cos  Cos   iv) Cos .Cos  .
a 2  b2 a 2  b2
Sol. Given equation a cos   b sin   c
a cos   c  b sin 
 a2 cos2   c2  b2 sin 2   2bc sin 
 a2 1  Sin2   c2  b2 Sin2  2bc Sin Cos2 A  1  Sin2 A
  a 2  b2  sin 2   2bc sin   c2  a2  0........... 1 (1M)
Given that  ,  are solution of the equation
 sin  , sin  are the roots of (1)
2bc
  i  sum of the roots sin   sin  
a  b2
2

 In ax 2  bx  c  0
b c
Sum of the roots  , Product of the roots 
a a

c2  a2
 ii  Pr oduct of the roots sin  .sin  
a 2  b2
(1M)

from given equation a cos   b sin   c

 b sin   c  a cos 

 b 2 sin 2   c 2  a 2 cos 2   2ac cos  sin2 A  1  cos2 A

 b2 1  Cos 2   c2  a2 Cos 2  2ac Cos

  a 2  b 2  cos 2   2ac cos   c 2  b 2  0............  2  (1M)

Given that  ,  are solutions of the equation
 cos  , cos  are the roots of (2)
2ac
 iii  sum of the roots cos   cos  
a  b2
2

c2  b2
 iv  Pr oduct of the roots cos  .cos   a 2  b2
. (1M)

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***82. Solve i) sin 2 x  cos 2 x  sin x  cos x , ii) sin x  3 cos x  2 ( March -2010)
iii) 1  sin 2   3sin  cos  ( March-2010)
Sol.  i  Given equation sin 2 x  cos 2 x  sin x  cos x.
C  D CD
 SinC  SinD  2Cos   sin
 2  2
sin 2 x  sin x   cos 2 x  cos x   0 C D CD
CosC  CosD  2 sin   sin
 2  2

3x x 3x x
 2 cos sin  2sin sin  0 (1M)
2 2 2 2
x 3x 3x 
 2 sin 2  cos 2  sin 2   0
 
x 3x 3x
sin  0  or  cos  sin  0  If sin   0 then general solution   n; n  Z
2 2 2
x 3x
 sin  0; or tan  1 (1M)
2 2

x x 3x If tan   tan  then G.S. of

 i  sin 0   n , x  2n  ii  tan  1
  n, n  z
2 2 2

3x  2n 
G.S of  n   x   ; n z
2 4 3 6
 2 n  
 Solution set of given equation is 2 n  , n  z    3  6 , n  z  (2M)
 
Sol.  ii  Given equation is sin x  3 cos x  2 on dividing both sides by

a 2  b2  1  3  4  2
1 3 1   1
 sin x  cos x   sin 6 sin x  cos 6 cos x  (1M)
2 2 2 2

cos A cos B  sin A sin B  cos  A  B 

  1   
 cos  x     cos  principal solution is x  
 6 2 4 6 4

   
General solution is x   2n   x  2n   (2M)
6 4 4 6
 If Cos  Cos , Then G. S of   2n   ; n  z

5 
 x  2n  or x  2n  ; n  z (1M)
12 12

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Sol.  iii  Given equation 1  sin 2   3sin  cos  . dividing both sides by cos 2 

1 Sin 2 3 Sin Cos

   (1M)
Cos 2 Cos 2 Cos 2
 sec 2   tan 2   3 tan 

 1  tan 2   tan 2   3 tan   sec 2 A  1  tan 2 A

 2 tan 2   3 tan   1  0
 2Tan 2  2Tan  Tan  1  0
 2 tan   tan   1  1 tan   1  0

  2 tan   1 tan   1  0

1
 tan   1 or tan    If tan   tan  then G . S of   n   ; n  Z
2
 1
  or   tan  1  (2M)
4 2
General soulution of given equation
 1
  n  or   n   , n  z. Where  = tan 1 (1M)
4 2
1
***83. If 0     , solve cos  .cos 2 .cos 3  ( March-2012)
4
1
Sol. Given equation cos  .cos 2 .cos 3 
4
1  4cos  cos 2 cos 3  2cos   2 cos 3 cos    2cos 2  cos 4  cos 2  (1M)
 2cos4 cos2  2cos2 2 1  0  2cos 4 cos 2  cos 4  0
 2cos A cos B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B 

 cos 4  2 cos 2  1  0 cos2A  2cos2 A  1

1
 cos 4  0 or cos 2  (1M)
2
 
i  cos 4  0  4 
2
is the principal solution  4  2n 
2
 If Cos  cos  , ThenG . S of   2n   ; n  z

n 
   , n  z is the general solution. (1M)
2 8
 3 5 7
put n=0,1,2 we get , , , are the solution that lie in  0,  
8 8 8 8

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1 2 2
 ii  cos 2 = 2
 2 
3
is the principal solution 2   2 n  
3
;

  2
   n  , n  z is the general solution put n  0,1 we get , lies in  0,  
3 3 3
  3 5 2 7
Hence the solution of the given equation in  0,   are , , , , , (1M)
8 3 8 8 3 8

2
***84. Solve the equation cot x    
3  1 cot x  3  0  0  x   .
 2
(Mar-12,2014)

Sol.
2
Given equation cot x   
3  1 cot x  3. =0

 cot 2 x  3 cot x  cot x  3  0


 cot x cot x  3  1 cot x  3  0   
 
 cot x  3  cot x  1  0

 cot x  3 or cot x  1 (1M)

 
x  or x  are the principal solutions (1M)
6 4
 If tan   tan  , Then G . S of   n   ; n  z

     
 General solutions are x  n  or n  Hence x  , ;  0  x   (2M)
6 4 6 4  2

***85. Find all values of x in   ,   satisfying the equation 81cos xcos  43 ( March-09)
2
x.....

2 1
Sol. for x  0, we have cos x  1 then 1  cos x  cos x  .........  (1M)
1  cos x
2
Given equation 8 1  cos x  cos x  ......
 43
 1  x   1  x  x 2  x 3      
1
Now 81 cos x  cos
2
x  ......
 43  82
1 1
 1  cos x  cos 2 x  ........  2   2  cos x  (2M)
1  cos x 2
 If Cos  cos  , then G . S of   2n   ; n  z
 
 x  or ; x    ,   (1M)
3 3
***86. Solve 4sin x sin2 x sin4 x  sin 3 x (March 2013)

Sol: 2sin x  2sin 2 x sin 4 x   sin 3x  2sin A sin B  cos  A  B   cos  A  B 

 2sin x  cos 2 x  cos 6 x   sin 3 x  2cos A sin B  sin  A  B   sin  A  B  (1M)

 2cos 2 x sin x  2cos 6 x sin x  sin 3x
 sin 3x  sin x  2cos 6 x sin x  sin 3x
 sin x  2sin x cos 6 x  0

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 If sin   0, then G . S of   n ; n  z
 s in x 1  2 c o s 6 x   0 If Cos  cos  , thenG . S of   2n   ; n  z

1
 sin x  0 or 1  2 cos 6 x  0  sin x  0 or cos 6 x 
2
2
 General solutions are x  n or 6 x  2n  (2M)
3
n 
 x  n or x   . (1M)
3 9
**87. If x is acute and sin  x  10º   cos  3 x  68º  , find x.

Given that sin  x  10   cos  3x  68 

0 0
Sol.

 sin  x  100   sin  90   3x  68  

0 0
(1M)

 If sin  sin , Then G. S of   n   1 ; n  z

n

 x  100  n   1 1580  3x  ; n  z

n

when n is even x  100  n 1800   1580  3 x

i.e 4 x  n 180   148  x  n  45   37 ;since x  9 0 0 ; x  0(450 )  37 0  37 0

0 0 0 0

when n is odd x  100  n 1800   1580  3x   2 x  n 1800   1680

 x   n  900   840 (2M)

for all values of n x  0 o r x  9 0 0 ; Hence the value of x  37 0 (1M)
**88. Find the general solution of the equation cos ec  2,cot    3 .
Sol. Given that cos ec  2; cot    3;   Q4

     
cos ec  cos ec  ; cot   cot  
 6   6 
common solution (or) G.S of 2 tignometric equation is  =2n +;n  z (2M)


  is the principal solution General solution is (2M)
6
**89. Solve .
Sol. Given equation is

(1M)

on dividing both sides by

(1M)

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and (1M)

is the only solution (1M)

**90. Solve

Sol. Given equation is

(1M)

Now ,

and

(2M)

Hence the values of x in (1M)

**91. Solve and write the general solution of the equation

Sol.

(1M)

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(a)

The G.S. is = ,

(b)

The G.S. is = , (2M)

Hence The G.S. of the given equation is (1M)

**92. If and then find x and y

Sol: (1)

(From equation 1) (1M)

The G.S. is

Case (i) :

(2)

(1) + (2)

,
Substituting x in eq(1) we get

= ,

, (1M)

Case (ii) :

(3)

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

(1) + (3)

,
Substituting x in eq(1) we get

= ,

, (2M)

**93. Solve where

Sol :

(1M)

(2M)

The G..S. is x = (1M)

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

***94.Prove that (Mar-11) (May-06,10,11)

Sol. L.H.S =

1 1
let x  ;y  ; (1M)
2 5

 7 1
  
1  9 8
1 7 1 1 tan 1  56  9 
= tan  tan =  7 1  = tan   (2M)
9 8  1  .   72  7 
 9 8

1  65  
= tan   = tan 1  =RHS
1
(1M)
 65  4

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***95.Prove that

i)

ii) (Mar-10)

iii) (May-09)

iv) (March-2014)

 4 5  16 
Sol. i) LHS= sin  5   sin  13   sin  65 
1 1 1

     

(1M)

4 1  5  1  16 
= tan (1M)
1
   tan    tan  
3  12   63 

1  63  1  16 
= tan    tan   ; (1M)
 16   63 

= ;


= =RHS (1M)
2

1 4
1 1
ii) LHS= sin    2 tan  
5   3  

(1M)

 2   2
4   4  3
tan 1  tan 1  3  tan
 1  1
 tan 
= 3 1 = 3 8 (1M)
1   
 9  9

1 4 2 9
= tan  tan 1  .  = (1M)
3 3 8

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= (1M)

= = RHS

iii) LHS=

(1M)

= (1M)

1  77 
= tan   (1M)
 36 

= = RHS (1M)

1  3  1 5
iv) LHS= 2sin    cos
5
  13

1  3  1  12 
= 2 tan    tan   (1M)
4 5

(1M)

1  24  1  12 
= tan    tan   (1M)
7
  5

 120  84 
 
tan 1  7.5 
= 35  288
 
 7.5 

1  36 
= tan   = =RHS (1M)
 323 

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***96. Find the value of (Mar-12)

Sol. Let (1M)

Let

(2M)

= (1M)

***97.Prove that (Mar-2013)

Sol. Let

(2M)

4 24 3 7 96 21 117
=    =  = (1M)
5 25 5 25 125 125 125

 117  4 7  117 
    sin 1   sin 1  sin 1  sin 1   (1M)
 125  5 25  125 

***98. If , then prove that

(March-2006,May-2005)
Sol. sin x  sin y  sin z  
1 1 1

sin 1 x   sin 1 y   sin 1 z  

x  sin  y  sin  z  sin 
   ;   
L.H.S = x 1  x 2  y 1  y 2  z 1  z 2 (1M)

= sin  1  sin 2   sin  1  sin 2   sin  1  sin 2 

= sin  cos   sin  cos   sin  cos 
Multiply and divide with 2 then finally we get

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JR IPE MATHS-IA SAQ SOLUTIONS

= (2M)

[ from transformations        then = ]

=  2sin  sin  sin   =  2xyz  R.H.S (1M)

***99. If , then prove that

Sol. Given cos 1 p  cos 1 q  cos 1 r   ..............(1)

cos1 p   cos 1 q   cos1 r  

Let (1M)
cos   p cos   q cos   r
from (1)

Apply cos on both sides

(1M)

Squaring on both sides

(2M)
***100 .i) If , then prove that

ii) If , then prove that

Sol. i) Given tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z  

tan 1 x   tan 1 y   tan 1 z  

Let (1M)
tan   x tan   y tan   z

    ;     
Apply tan on both sides we get
tan       tan      (1M)

tan   tan 
  tan   
1  tan  tan 

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x y
 z
1  xy
x  y   z 1  xy  x  y   z  xyz ; x  y  z  xyz (2M)

1 1 1 
ii) Given tan x  tan y  tan z 
2
1
  ta n 1 x   ta n y   ta n  1 z
Let y  ta n  (1M)
x  ta n  z  ta n 
We get
 
    ;    
2 2
  
Apply tan on both sides then we get tan       tan  2    (1M)
 

tan   tan  tan   tan  1 x y 1

 cot   
1  tan  tan  1  tan  tan  tan  1  xy z

xy  yz  zx  1 (2M)

***101. If , then prove that

p q p q
Sol. Given cos
1
 cos 1   ; Let cos 1  x ; cos 1  y (1M)
a b a b

p q
Cos x = ; cos y  ; sin x  1  cos2 x = and sin y  1  cos 2 y =
a b
x y 
Apply cos on both sides cos  x  y   cos  ;

cos x cos y  sin x sin y  cos  (1M)

p q p2 q2  pq  p2 q2
  1  2  1  2 = cos    cos    1  2 1  2
a b a b  ab  a b
Squaring on both sides

p2q2 pq  p2   q2 
2 2
 cos 2   2 cos    1  2   1  2 
a b ab  a  b 

(2M)

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***102. Solve the following equations for x.

i) (Mar-09)

ii)

2
1 2x 1 1  x 2x 
Sol. (i) 3sin 2
 4cos 2
 2 tan 1 2
 put x  tan  - (1M)
1 x 1 x 1 x 3

then (1M)

3sin 1  sin 2   4 cos 1  cos 2   2 tan 1  tan 2  =


2 
3

(2M)

ii) Given

 x 1 x 1 
  
tan  1  x  2 x  2  =
1 x 1 . x 1  4
(2M)
 x2 x2 


2 x2  2  1; x2  2 
3 2 3 1
; x  2  x
1
(2M)
3 2 2 2 2

***103.Prove that

Sol. Let cot 1 x   ; cot   x

1 1 1
Consider  
sin cot 1 x  sin  
cos ec

2
 (1M)
1  cot  1 x2

 1 
Let tan
1
sin  cot x  tan
1 1
 2
   ; tan  
1
1 x 2 ,where 0<


2
(1M)
 1 x 
1
1 2
LHS =  1 = 1  x =RHS (2M)
2
1  tan  1 2  x2
1  x2

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***104. Show that

Sol. Let tan 1 2  ; tan   2 Let (1M)

LHS=

= (2M)

= 1  22  1  22  1  4  1  4  10 = RHS (1M)

**105.Find the value of

 1 1  1 1
Sol. LHS = tan  2 tan  5   4  Let tan
1
  ; tan   (1M)
    5 5

1
2
2 tan  5  2  25  5
tan 2  
1  tan 2  1  1 5 24 12 (1M)
25

 1  
tan  2 tan 1     = tan  2  
 5
  4   4

 5
tan 2  tan 1
4 12 7 12 7
  
=  = 5 12 17 17 (2M)
1  tan 2 tan 1
4 12

 1 1  a 1   1 a 2a
**106. Prove that tan  4  2 cos b   tan  4  2 cos b   b
   

1 a
Sol. Let cos 1     ; (1M)
2 b

 1 a  1 a  
LHS= tan   cos 1   tan   cos 1  = tan      tan     (1M)
4 2 b 4 2 b 4  4 

1  tan    1  tan  
2 2
 1 tan    1  tan  
=   = 1  tan  1  tan  
 1  tan    1 tan  

=

2 1  tan 2   (1M)
2
1  tan 
2 2 2 2b
=    = RHS (1M)
 2
1  tan   cos 2  a  a
 

1  tan 2   b

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**107. Prove that

1 3 1  12  1  3  1  5 
Sol. LHS = sin    cos   = tan  4   tan  12 
5 13
     

(2M)

 3 5 
  
tan 1  4 12 
= 3 5
1 . 
 4 12 

1  56  1  33 
= tan   = cos   =RHS (2M)
 33   65 

**108. Prove that

Sol. Let (1M)

Let (1M)

Now take,

= (1M)

(1M)

**109. Prove that

Sol. Let Let (1M)

LHS = = cos2A= = ----(1) (1M)

RHS = = = (1M)

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= =

---(2) (1M)

from (1) and (2) LHS = RHS

**110. Prove that .

Sol. LHS = . (1M)

= (1M)

= = = = = RHS (2 M)

***111. Prove that (March-2004)

Sol. (i) Let

(1M)

= (1M)

(1M)

= =1

(1M)

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**112. Solve for ‘x’ in the equation , .

Sol.

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

(or)

(1M)

But x = 0 does not satisfies the given equation

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***113. Prove that (May-2013)

Sol. LHS =

Let

(1M)

(1M)

Now

(1M)

(1M)

*114. If then prove that

Sol. Let

Given (1M)

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(1M)
Sq. on b.s.

Again Sq. on b.s.

(1M)

(1M)

*115 (i) Solve for ‘x’ in the equation arc

(ii) Solve for ‘x’ in the equation

Sol. (i) Let

(1M)

Given

(1M)

(1M)

squaring on bothsides

(1M)

(ii)

(1M)

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Let

squaring on both sides (2M)

(1M)

PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
***116. If

(i) P.T (Mar-10,11)

(ii) , P.T (May-11)

1)

(iii) prove that (March-2011,12, May -2011)

1)

Sol. (i) =

= -1 = (1M)

= = (1M)

= =

= (1M)

(1M)

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(ii) (1M)

= =

= = (1M)

= = (1M)

(1M)

(iii) Given

 b  c   a 2   b  c  a  b  c  a 
2
a2
=1 
 b  c  =  b  c 2
2 2
cos   1 sin  2
b  c 
2

2s.  2s  2a  bc
= . (2M)
b  c 
2
bc

s.  s  a  bc A bc
= 2.2 .  4 cos 2 . (1M)
b  c  2  b  c 2
2
bc

2 bc A
cos   cos (1M)
bc 2

***117. (March-2010), ( May-2012)

Sol. (1M)

(2M)

(1M)

***118. Show that (May-2010)

Sol. (2M)

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= (2M)

***119.

Sol.

= (1M)

= (1M)

= (1M)

= = (1M)

***120. Show that

Sol. + (1M)

+1-

= (1M)

= =

= = (1M)

= = = (1M)

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***121. In , if , show that C = 600.

Sol.

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

(1M)

***122. If , then show that (i) (ii)

Sol. Given =

...........(1) (1M)

(i) + = = = =1 (1M)

(ii)

again

(1M)

(1M)

***123. Show that in , (May-2009)

Sol. (2M)

= = = (2M)

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***124. Show that in , (May-2008)

Sol. Take,

= = (2M)

= (1M)

= (1M)

***125. Show that (May-2008)

Sol.

= + (1M)

= + (1M)

= ( - ) (1M)

(1M)

**126. Show that

Sol.

= + + (1M)

= + (1M)
=

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= (1M)
= =

= = . (1M)

**127. If are the altitudes of the vertices A,B,C of a triangle respectively, show that

[Mar-2013]

Sol. , ,

, , (1M)

L.H.S = = (1M)

R.H.S = =

= (1M)

= =

= L.H.S = R.H.S

i.e. = hence proved (1M)

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**128. If a:b:c = 7:8:9, find

Sol. Given a:b:c = 7:8:9 =k (say) (1M)

= = = =

= = = =

= = = (2M)

= : : = 21: 21: 21=14:11:6

1:6 (1M)

**129. If , , are in A.P. then prove that a, b, c are in A.P..

Sol. , , are in A.P

, , are in A.P (2M)

, , are in A.P (1M)

, , are in A.P are in A.P (1M)
**130. If = , show that A = 900.
Sol. =

= (1M)

= (1M)

= =

= (1M)

=
= =
is a right angle triangle and A=90 (1M)

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**131 If = , prove that is right angled.

Sol. = = (1M)
apply componendo & dividendo property.

(1M)

(1M)
(or)
(or)
If A= B , the given problem is not defined.
Hence the triangle ABC is right angled. (1M)

*132. Show that

Sol.
(1M)

(1M)

(1M)
= (1M)

*133. Show that

Sol.

= (1M)

= = (2M)

= = (1M)

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*134. Prove that

Sol. = (1M)

= (1M)

= (1M)

(1M)

*135. If , show that a:b:c = 6:5:4

Sol.

(1M)

(say) (1M)

(1M)

=12:10:8=6:5:4 (1M)

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*136. If are in H.P., then show that a,b,c are in H.P..

Sol. are in H.P

are in A.P.. (1M)

(1M)

(1M)

a, b, c are in H.P.. (1M)

***

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JR MATHS-IA VSAQ SOLUTIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ( 2Marks)

FUNCTIONS
1. Find the domain of the following real valued functions
1 1 1
i) f  x   iii) f  x  
2
ii) f(x)= x  1 
6 x  x2  5 2
x  3x  2 x x

1 3 x  3 x
iv) f  x   x2
log 10  1  x  v) f  x   (Mar-2007)
x

vi) f  x   4 x  x2 (May-10)

vii) f  x  log x2  4x  3 (Mar-08, 10, May-07)

viii) f  x   x2  25 (Mar-12)

ix) f  x   log  x   x  

1
(x) f  x   (March-2014)
x 2
 1  x  3

1 1 1 1
 
Sol: i) f  x   =  
6 x  x 2  5 5 x  x  x  5  5 x  5  x  x 5  x  1  x  x  1
2 2

1 1
 ,   f ( x)  0
 x  1 5  x  f ( x)

f (x) define when  x 1 5  x  0, x  1,5

Domain of f is R-{1,5}

2 1 1
ii) f(x)= x  1  2 f ( x)  f ( x )  0
f ( x)
 f ( x)  0
x  3x  2
  x  1 x  1  0 and  x  1 x  2   0

 If  x    x     0,      then x   ,      ,  

( , 1]  [1,  ) and (  ,1)  (2,  )

 Domain of ‘f’ is (  ,  1]  (2,  )
1 1
f  x  R   f (x)  0
iii) x x f (x)

 x x 0 x  x

 x   , 0   Domain of ‘f’ is  , 0 

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1 1
iv) f  x   x  2  log R
 f ( x)  f ( x)  0  log f ( x )  f ( x)  0& f ( x)  1
10 1  x 

 x  2 and 1  x  0 ,  x-1<0 and x  0

Domain of ‘f’ is [2,1)  0

3 x  3 x 1
v) f  x   f ( x)  f ( x)  0   f ( x)  0
x f ( x)
3  x  0,3  x  0, x  0 ; x  3; x  3; x  0

 x   3,3  0 (or)  3, 0    0, 3

Domain of ‘f’ is  3,3  0 (or)  3, 0    0, 3

vi) 4x  x 2  R  f ( x)  f ( x)  0


 4x  x2  0 
 x 2
 4x  0 , x  x  4  0

 If  x     x     0,      then x   ,  
 x   0, 4  Domain of ‘f’ is  0, 4

vii) f  x   log( x 2  4 x  3)  log f ( x )  f ( x )  0

x 2  4 x  3  0 ; x( x  3)  1 x  3  0

 x  3 x  1  0 ;  If  x    x     0,     then x    ,      ,  

x   ,1   3,    Domain of ‘f’ is R  1,3

viii) f  x   x 2  25  f ( x)  f ( x)  0

 x  5 x  5  0
 If  x    x    0 ,     th e n x  (   ,  ]  [  ,  )

 (, 5  5, )  Domain of f= (, 5  5, )

ix) f  x   log  x   x   R  log f ( x )  f ( x )  0

 x   x   0, x   x
 x is a non-integer
 domain of f  R  Z

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1 1 1
f  x     f (x)  0
x)  
x 2
 1  x  3     1 x  3 
x  1 x f (x)

f(x) define when  x  1 x  1 x  3  0 , x  3,  1, 1

Domain of f is R  3,  1, 1

2. If f   1, 2 ,  2, 3 ,  3, 1 then find i) 2 f ii) 2 f iii) f 2 iv) f (Mar-08,12)

Sol: i) 2 f  1, 4  ,  2, 6  ,  3, 2  ii) 2  f  1,4 ,  2, 1 ,  3,1

iii) f 2  1,4 ,  2,9 ,  3,1 iv) f  1, 2    

Domainof f  xDf / f (x)  0

3 If f   4,5  ,  5, 6  ,  6, 4  and g   4, 4  ,  6,5  ,  8,5  then find

i) f  g ii) f  g iii) 2 f  4 g iv) f  4 v) fg
f
vi) vii) f viii) f ix) f 2 x) f 3
g
Sol: i) f  g   4,5  4  ,  6, 4  5    4,1 ,  6,1
 Dom ain of f  g ( or ) Dom ain of f  g ( or ) dom ain of fg is dom ain of f  dom ain of g

ii) f  g   4,5, 4  ,  6, 4, 5   4,9  ,  6, 9 

iii) 2 f   4,10  ,  5,12  ,  6, 8 

4g   4, 16 ,  6, 20 ,  8, 20

2 f  4 g   4,10  16 ,  6, 8  20  2 f  4g   4, 6 ,  6,12

iv) f  4   4,5  4  ,  5, 6  4  ,  6, 4  4    4, 9  ,  5,10  ,  6, 0 

v) fg   4, 20  ,  6, 20 

f  5   4   f
vi) Domain of g   4, 4  ,  6, 5   Dom ain of g   x  D f  D g / g ( x )  0
   

vii) f   4,5  ,  5, 6  ,  6, 4 

viii)  
f  4, 5 , 5, 6   Dom ain of 
f  x  D f / f ( x)  0 
ix) f 2   4, 25  ,  5,36  ,  6,16 
x) f 3   4,125 ,  5, 216  ,  6, 64 

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4. If f , g are real valued, functions defined by f  x   2 x  1; g  x   x2 then

f
i )  3 f  2 g  x  ii ) fg  x  iii )  x iv )  f  g  2 x  (Mar-09)
g

Sol: i) 3 f  x   3  2 x  1  6 x  3 & 2 g  x   2 x 2

3 f  2g  x  3 f  x   2g  x   6x  3  2x2
ii)  fg  x  f  x  .g  x    2 x  1 x 2  2 x3  x 2

f f  x 2x 1
iii  x  
g g  x x2

iv)  f  g  2  x   f  x   g  x   2 ( f  k )( x)  f ( x)  k where k  R

 2 x  1  x2  2   x2  2 x  1
5. If f : R  R, g : R  R defined by f  x  3x  1 , g  x   x2  1 then find
i ) fof  x 2  1  ii ) fog  2  (iii) gof  2a  3

Sol:
2
 2

(i) fof  x  1  f 3  x  1  1  f  3 x  2   3  3 x  2   1  9 x  5
2 2 2

(ii) fog  2   f  22  1  f  5   3  5   1  14

(iii) gof  2a  3  g  3  2a  3  1  g  6a  10    6a  10   1  36a 2  120a  101

2

6 Find the range of the following real number functions

x2  4
i) log 4  x 2 ii)
x2

i) y  f  x   log 4  x
2
Sol:  Range of log f ( x ) is R

f  x   R  4  x 2  0  x  2

4  x2  e y , e y  0y  R  Range of ‘f’ is R

x2  4
ii)
x2
x2  4
Let y  f  x   R
x2
Domain of ‘f’ is R  2 , Then y=x+2; x  2  y  4  The range of f is R  4
7 If f  x   2; g  x   x 2 ; h  x   2 x , for all x  R , then find  fo  goh  x  

Sol:  fo  goh  x     fog  h  x   = fog  2 x   f  g  2 x    f  4 x   2 2

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8 Find the inverse of the following functions
i)If a, b  R ; f : R  R defined by f  x   ax  b  a  0  (Mar - 2013)

ii) f : R   o,   defined by f  x   5 x (Mar-06,11)

iii) f :  o,    R defined by f  x   log 2 x

sol: i) a, b  R ; f : R  R defined by f  x   ax  b  a  0 
Let y  f  x   ax  b  x  f 1  y  ——(i)
y b
And y=ax+b  x  ——(ii)
a
y b xb
From (i) and (ii) we get f  y   and f  x  
1 1

a a
ii) Given that f : R   o,   defined by f  x   5x
y  f  x   5x

f ( x)  y  x  f 1
( y ) -------(i)
And y= 5 x  log 5y  x ——(ii)
From eq (i) and (ii) we get f 1  y   log 5y  f 1  x   log5x

iii) Given that f :  0,    R and f  x   log 2 x = y

x  f 1  y  ——(i) and y  log 2 x  x  2 y ——(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii) we get f 1  y   2 y ; f 1  x   2 x

    
9. If A  0, , , ,  and f : A  B is a surjection defined by f  x   cos x ,then find B.
 6 4 3 2
(Mar-11,Jun-11)
    
Sol: A= 0, , , , 
 6 4 3 2
f : A  B is a surjective defined by f  x   cos x

       
B  f  A =  f  0 , f  , f  , f  , f  
  6 4 3  2 

      3 1 1 
= cos 0, cos , cos , cos , cos  = 1, 2 , , , 0
 6 4 3 2  2 2 

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10. If A  2, 1,0,1, 2 and f : A  B is a surjection defined by f  x   x2  x  1 then
find ‘B’ (May-2010)
f  2    2    2   1  3 , f  1   1   1  1  1 , f  0    0    0   1  1
2 2 2
Sol:

f 1  1  1  1  3 and f  2    2    2   1  7

2 2

f  A  3,1,1,3, 7 i.e, B  1,3, 7

x 1
11 If f  x   , then find i)  fofof  x  ii)  fofofof  x 
x 1
Sol: i)  fofof  x  =  fof   f  x  

 x 1 
 1
 x 1    x 1 f  x 1   2x 
=  fof   =ff   = x 1  = f    f  x
 x 1    x 1    1   2 
 x 1 

  x 1     x 1 x 1  
 1    
   x 1     f  f
 x 1  ff x  1  
ii)  fofofof  x   f  f  f   x 1   
   x 1      1     x  1  x  1  
  x 1     x 1  

x 1 x 1 x 1
1
  2x    x 1  x  1  x 1 2x
 ff     f  f  x  f   x  1 x  1  x  1  x
  2   x 1  1 2
x 1 x 1
12 Find the domain and range of the following real valued functions
x
i) f  x   ii) f  x   9  x 2 iii) f  x   x  1  x
1  x2
x
i) given that f  x  
1
sol: 2  R f ( x)
 f ( x)  0
1 x
x  R is defined by x  R since x 2  1  0
Domain of ‘f’ is R

x 1 1 4 y2
Let y  f  x = = x 2
y  x  y  0  x  is real number
1  x2 2y

1  4 y 2  0 ; y  0  1  2 y 1  2 y   0; y  0  (2 y  1)(2 y  1)  0
 If  ,  are roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 and if ax 2  bx  c  0, a  0 then x   ,  

 1 1   1 1 
y   ,  Range of f =  , 
 2 2  2 2

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ii) Given that f  x   9  x 2  R
f ( x)  f ( x )  0

 9  x2  0
if   x  x     0,     then x   ,  

 x   3,3 is the domain

y =f (x); x  9  y 2  R
-3  x  3
 0  x2  9

  9   x2  0
 0  9  x2  9
 0  9  x2  3
Range of f   0,3

iii) Given that f  x   x  1  x ,

 f (x)  x  R

 Domain of ‘f’ is R

x  x ; x 0

1 x  1 x
For x=0, f(0)=1; x = 1, then f(1)=3; x = 2, then f(2)=5; x = -2, then f(-2)=3
x = -1, then f(-1)=1;The range of ‘f’ is [1, )
3x  3 x
13. If the function f : R  R defined by f  x   ,then show that
2
f  x  y  f  x  y  2 f  x f  y

3x  3 x 3x  y  3 x  y  3x  y  3 x  y 
Sol: f  x   f x  y  --(1) and f  x  y   --(2)
2 2 2
3x.3 y  3 x.3 y  3x.3 y  3 x.3 y
(1)+(2) =
2
1 x y 1 x y
= 3 .3  3 .3  3 .3  3 .3  = 3  3  3   3  3  3  
x  y x y x y y x y y

2 2
 3x  3 x   3 y  3 y 
2
=  2   2  = 2 f  x  f  y 
  

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14. If f : R  R , g : R  R defined by f  x   3 x  2, g  x   x  1 ,then find 2


i ) gof 1  2  ii)  gof  x  1 iii)  fog  2  (March-2013)

Sol: f  x   3 x  2; g  x   x 2  1

i)  gof   2  , Let y  f ( x)  3x  2
1

y  f ( x )  x  f 1 ( y )
y2 x2
 f  x 
1 22 4
then y  3x  2 , x   f 1 (2)  
3 3 3 3

 4  16 25
 gof  (2)  g  f
1 1
(2)   g     1 
3 9 9
ii) gof  x  1  g  f  x  1 

= g  3  x  1  2  = g  3 x  5  =  3 x  5   1 = 9 x 2  30 x  26
2

iii)  fog  2   f  g (2)   f  (2) 2  1  f (5)  3(5)  2  13

15. Define the following functions and write an example for each
i) one-one( Injection) ii) onto (Surjection)
iii) Even and Odd iv) Bijection.
Sol: i) Let f : A  B is a function if different elements of A have different f-images in B, Then
f : A  B is one – one
Eg : A  1, 2,3 , B  p, q, r , s , f  (1, p), (2, r ),(3, s)  f : A  B is 1-1 function.
ii) Let f : A  B is a function, if every element of B having atleast one pre- image in A, then
f : A  B is said to be onto function. i.e f ( A)  B
Eg : A  1, 2,3, 4 , B  p, q, r , g  (1, p),(2, q), (3, p), (4, r )

Eg : A  1, 2,3, 4 , B  p, q, r , g  (1, p), (2, q),(3, p), (4, r )  g : A  B is an onto function

iii) Let A be nonempty subset of R , and f : A  R

if f   x   f  x  x  A then f is called Even function.

if f   x    f  x  x  A then f is called odd function.

4
Eg : sin x, x 3  x.......etc are the examples of odd function, cos x, x , x  2........etc
are the examples of even function.
iv) Bijection: A function f : A  B is a bijection if
a)It is one-one; f  a   f  b   a  ba, b  A

b)It is onto; b  B  a  A such that f  a   b

Eg : A  1, 2,3 , B  p, q, r , h  (1, r ), (2, p), (3, q)  h : A  B is a bijective function

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16. If f : N  N is defined as f  x   2 x  3 , is ' f ' onto? Explain with reason. (May-08)

Sol: f : N  N defined by f  x   2 x  3

Range of f  f  N    f 1 , f  2  , f  3 ....

f ( x)  2 x  3  y  N
 2x  y  3
y 3
x N
2
for some y  N there exists no x  N such that f ( x)  y
 f is not onto

1  x2
17. i) If f : R  R is defined by f  x   ,then show that f  tan    cos 2
1  x2
1 x  2x 
ii) If f : R    1  R is defined by f  x   log 1  x ,then show that f  2
 2 f  x
 1 x 
1  tan 2 
Sol: Put x  tan   f  tan     cos 2
1  tan 2 
2x
1
1  x 
2
1 x  2x  1  x2
ii) f  x   log  log
f  log

1 x   1  x2 
2x
1  x 
2
1
1  x2

2
1 x 1 x
 log =  2 log = 2 f  x
1 x 1 x

1 1 1  x 
18. If f  x   cos  log x  , then show that f  x  f  y   2  f  y   f  xy    0
       
1  1
Sol: f    cos  log  = cos  log1  log x  = cos   log x  = cos log x
x  x

1 x   x 
Similarly f    cos  log y  and f    cos  log     cos  log x  log y 
 y  y   y 
and f ( xy )  cos  log ( xy )   cos  log x  log y 

x
f    f ( xy )  cos  log x  log y   cos  log x  log y 
 y
 2 cos(log x) cos(log y )

1 1 1 x 

 f  x f    f    f  xy   = cos  log x  cos  log y   1  2 cos  log x  cos  log y   =0
   y  2  y  2

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1
19. If f  x   , g  x   x for all x   0,   then find gof  x 
x

1 1 1
Sol: gof  x   g  f  x    g    
x x x

1 1
20. If f : R  0  R is defined by f  x   x 
3
3 then showthat
f  x  f    0
x  x

1 1 1
Sol: Given that f  x   x  f    3  x3
3
3 
x  x x
1 1 1
 f x f  x   x  3  3  x  0
3 3

  x x

x x
21. P.T. the real valued function f  x     1 is an even function on R  0
e 1 2
x

x x
Sol: Given that f  x    1
ex 1 2
x x
f x   1
e 1 2
x

 xe x x xe x x xe x  x  x x x  e x  1 x x
   1    1    1   x  1
1 e 2
x
e 1 2
x
e 1
x
2 e 1
x
e 1 2
x x x x
 x  1  x  1  f  x
e 1 2
x
e 1 2
f   x   f  x  hence f is even function

x2  x  1
22. If A  1, 2, 3, 4 and f : A  R is a function defined by f  x   then find the
x 1
range of f .
12  1  1 1 22  2  1 3 32  3  1 7
Sol: f 1   , f  2    1 , f  3  
11 2 2 1 3 3 1 4
42  4  1 13  1 7 13 
and f  4     f  A    2 ,1, 4 , 5 
4 1 5  

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2 4
cos x  sin x
23. If f  x   for all x  R then show that f  2012  1
sin2 x  cos4 x
cos 2 x  sin 4 x
Sol: Given that f  x  
sin 2 x  cos 4 x

cos2 x   sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1  cos2 x 

2 2
cos 2 x  1  cos 4 x  2cos 2 x
  
1  cos 2 x  cos 4 x 1  cos 2 x  cos 4 x 1  cos 2 x  cos 4 x

1  cos 2 x  cos 4 x
 =1
1  cos 2 x  cos 4 x
f is a constant function
 f  2012   1

MATRICES
1 2  3 8
24 If A    B  and 2X  A  B then find X . (March-95,11,13)
 3 4 7 2

1 2  3 8 
Sol. Given that A    B 
3 4  7 2 
2X  A  B  2 X  B  A
 3 8  1 2  2 6
2X      = 4  2
7 2  3 4   
1 3 
 X   2 1
 

1 2 3 3 2 1
25. If A    and B    find 3B  2 A . (Mar-12)
3 2 1 1 2 3
3 2 1  1 2 3 9 6 3  2 4 6   7 2 3
Sol. 3B  2 A  3    2    =  
1 2 3 3 2 1 3 6 9   6 4 2  3 2 7 

 x  3 2 y  8  5 2 
26. If  = find x, y, z and a
z 2 6   2 a  4 


 x  3 2 y  8  5 2 
Sol. Given that 
6   2 a  4 
 =
z  2
x 3  5 ; 2y 8  2 ; z  2  2 ; 6  a  4

x 8 ;  2 y  10 ;  z  4 ;  a  10
 y  10

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 1
 1 2  2
 
27. Defi ne t race of a mat ri x and fi nd t he t race of A If A   0 1 2  (Jun-10)
 1 
 2 1
 2 
Sol: Trace of A: If A is a square matrix then the sum of elements in the
principal diagonal of A is called trace of A

 trace of A  1  1  1  1

28. Define symmetric matrix and skew-symmetric matrix.

(Mar-05,Jun-05, May-07)
Sol. Symmetric Matrix: A square matrix A is said to be symmetric if AT  A
Skew-Symmetric Matrix: A square matrix A is said to be skew-symmetric if
AT  A
 1 2 3
 6  is symmetric matrix , find x .
29. If A   2 5 ( Mar 05)
 3 x 7 

 1 2 3 
 
Sol. Given that A   2 5 6   A is symmetric  AT  A
 3 x 7 

1 2 3  1 2 3
  2 5 x    2 5 6 
 x6
 3 6 7   3 x 7 

0 2 1
 
30. If A   2 0 2 is a skew-symmetric matrix, find the value of x .(May-11)
1)
 1 x 0 

0 2 1
A   2 0 2 
Sol. Given that  A is skew-symmetric  AT   A
 1 x 0 

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 0 2 1 0 2 1
 x    2 
  2 0 x     2 0 2
 
1 2 0   1 x 0   x2

1 0 0
 
31. If A  2 3 4  and det A= 45, then find x. (Mar-03,07, May-09)
5 6 x

1 0 0 1 0 0
Sol.  
Given that A  2 3 4  det A = 45  2 3 4  45
 
5 6 x 5 6 x

 1 3x  24   45  3x  24  45  3 x  21 x7

12 22 32 
 2 
2 32 42 
32. Find determinant of  (Mar-10)
 32 42 52 


12 22 32  12 22 32 1 4 9
 2 2 2
A  2 3 4  22 32 42  4 9 16
Sol. Let then det A =
32 42 52  32 4 2
5 2
9 16 25
 
 1 225  256   4 100  144   9  64  81  8
33. If  is a complex (non-real) cube root of unity then show that

1  2
 2 1  0 (Mar-11, 2014)
2 1 

1  2
 2 1
Sol. Consider
2 1 

R1  R1  R2  R3

1   2 1   2 1   2 0 0 0
  2 1    2
1 0
 1 2  0
 2
1   2
1 

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 2 1 
   2 3 1 
34. If A   5 0  and B   then find 2 A  BT and 3BT  A . (Mar-10)
-10)
 4 0 2 
 1 4 

 2 1 
   2 3 1 
Sol. Given that A  5 0 and B   
 
 1 4   4 0 2

 4 2   2 4   6 6 
Now 2 A  B  10 0    3 0    13 0 
T
     
 2 8   1 2   1 10 

 6 12   2 1   4 11
T  0    5 0    4 0 
and 3B  A   9
 3 6   1 4   4 2 

1 4 7 3 4 0 
If A   and B    then show that  A  B  AT  BT .
T
35.  (May-09)
2 5 8  4 2 1
1 4 7  3 4 0 
Sol. Given that A    and B   
2 5 8  4 2 1
1 4 7 3 4 0   2 8 7 
A B     
2 5 8  4 2 1  6 3 7 

2 6
  A B   8 3 1
T

 7 7

1 2 3 4  2 6
and A  B  4 5   4 2   8 3   2
T T

7 8  0 1  7 7

 From 1 &  2   A  B   A  B

T T T

 cos  sin  
36. If A   then show that AA1  A1 A  I . ( Mar-07)
  sin  cos  

 cos  sin   cos   sin  

Sol. Given that A     A1  
  sin  cos    sin  cos  

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1  cos  sin    cos   sin  
Now AA  
  sin  cos    sin 
 cos    cos 2   sin 2   1

 cos 2   sin 2   cos  sin   sin  cos    1 0

 
  sin  cos   cos  sin  sin 2   cos 2   0 1 

 A A1  I , Similarly we can prove that A1 A  I

cos   sin  
37. Find the adjoint and the inverse of the matrix  . (Mar-09,13)
 sin  cos  

cos   sin   cos  sin

Sol. Let A     det A   cos 2   sin 2  = 1
 sin  cos   sin cos

 cos  sin   a b   d b 
Now Adj A   A    Adj A   
  sin  cos   c d   c a 

Adj A 1  cos  sin    cos  sin  

A 1   
det A 1   sin  
cos     sin  cos  

 2 4
38. If A    and A2  O then find the value of K. (Mar 05,2014, May-11)
1)
 1 k 

 2 4   2 4  0 0
Sol. Given that A2  O  .  
 1 k   1 k  0 0 
 44 8  4k   0 0 
 
 2  k 4  k 2  0 0   8  4k  0  4k  8  k  2

 i 0
If A  
2
39.
0 i  , find A ( Mar 08)
 

2  i 0   i 0  i 2  0 0  0 
Sol. Consider A  A. A   o i  o i    2
   00 0i 

 1 0  1 0  2

0  1  
0 1    I  i  1
   

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40. Find the rank of each of the following matrices
1 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1
1 1 1 2 3 0  1 0 2 
i)   ( Mar 08, June-10) ii)   iii)   (Mar-12)
1 1 1  0 1 2   0 1 1

 1 2 0 1
3 4 1 2 1 0 4
iv)   v)  
 2 3 2 5   2 1 3 

1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol. Let A   1 1 
1   det A  1 1 1  1 1  1   1 1  1   1 1  1   0
 1 1 1  1 1 1

1 1 1 1
& Let B   be a submatrix of A, det B 

1 1 1 1  det B  1  1  0

& all 2x2 sub matrix det is zero  Rank  A  1

 1 4 1 1 4 1
 
ii) Let A   2 3 0   det A  2 3 0
 0 1 2  0 1 2

 det A= 1 6  0   4  4  0   1 2  0   12  0  Rank  A   3

1 2 1 1 2 1
 
iii) Let A  1 0 1  det A  1 0 1
 
 0 1 1 0 1 1

 det A  1 0  1  2 1  0   1 1  0   1  2  1  5  0  Rank  A   3

 1 2 0 1
Let A   3 4 1 2 
iv)
 2 3 2 5 

 1 2 0
Let B   3 4 1 
be a submatrix of A
 2 3 2 

1 2 0
det B  3 4 1  1 8  3   2  6  2   0  9  8 
2 3 2

 5 16  11  0  Rank  A   3

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1 0 4  1 0 
v) Let A    and Let B    be a submatrix of A
 2 1 3  2 1
1 0
det B  Rank  A  2
2  1  det B  1  0  1  0 
41. Write the definitions of singular and non-singular matrices and give examples.
Sol. Sinlgular: A square matrix A is said to be a singular matrix if det A  0
8 4 
Eg:   is a singular matrix
4 2
Non-Singular: A square matrix A is said to be a non-singular matrix it det A  0
3 0
Eg:   is a non-singular matrix.
6 4

42 A certain book shop has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen Physics books, 10 dozen
economics books. their selling prices are Rs.80. Rs.60 and Rs.40 each respecively.
Using matrix algebra,find the total value of the books in the shop.
Sol. Number of books
Chemistry Physics Economics
A  10 12  120 8 12  96 10 12  120 i,e A  120 96 120
 8 0   c h e m is tr y 
 6 0   P h y s ic s 
selling prices in Rupees B=    
 4 0   E c o n o m ic s 

 80 
total value of the books in the shop AB  120 96 120   60 
 
 40 

 9600  5760  4800 = 20160 ( in Rupees )

1
43. Construct a 2  2 matrix whose elements are given by aij  i  3 j
2

 a11 a12 
Sol. In general a 3  2 matrix is given by A   a21 a22 

 a31 a32 

1
Now, a ij  i  3 j , i = 1,2,3 and j =1,2
2
1 1 5
a11  1   3  1  1 a12  1  3 2 
2 2 2
1 1 1
a21  2   3  1  a22  2  3  2  2
2 2 2

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1 1 3
a31  3   3  1  0 a33  3   3  3 
2 2 2

 1 5 / 2
 A  1 / 2 2 
 0 3 / 2 

ADDITION OF VECTORS
44. (i) Find the unit vector in the direction of vector a  2i  3 j  k . (March-2014)
(ii) Let a = 2i + 4j - 5k, b = i + j + k and c = j + 2k. Find the unit vector in the opposite
direction of a + b + c (Mar-09,10,12)
Sol. (i) Given a  2i  3 j  k

a  22  32  12  4  9  1  14

a 2i  3 j  k
 T h e u n it v ecto r in th e d irec tio n o f a = 
a 14
(ii) a  b  c  3i  6 j  2 k

a
a  b  c  9  36  4  49  7  The unit vector in the direction of a =
a
 the unit vector in the opposite direction of
a  b  c  1
a b c  
a b c

7
3i  6 j  2 k 
45. Show that the points whose position vectors are -2a + 3b + 5c, a + 2b + 3c, 7a - c are
colinear when a, b, c are non-coplanar vectors.
2 3 5
1 2 3 a b c 
Sol.. Consider
7 0 1

2  2  0  3 1  21  5  0 14  a b c  =  4  66  70 a b c   0

 Given vectors are collinear
46. If the position vectors of the points A, B and C are -2 i + j - k, -4i + 2j + 2k and
6i - 3j - 13k respectively and AB =  AC, then find the value of  (Mar-11)
Sol AB  OB  OA   4i  2 j  2k    2i  j  k   2i  j  3k
AC  OC  OA   6i  3 j  13k    2i  j  k  = 8i  4 j  12k = 4  2i  J  3k 
1
AC= - 4(AB)  AB   AC  A, B , C are collinear points then AB= AC
4
1
compare with AB   AC  
4

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     
47. If the vectors  3 i  4 j   k and  i  8 j  6 k are collinear vectors, then find
 and  . (March-2014, May-2010)
a1 b1 c1
Sol.  a1 i  b1 j  c1k and a2 i  b2 j  c2 k are collinear then  
a2 b2 c2

3i  4 j   k and i  8 j  6k are

a1 b1 c1 3 4 
collinear      
a2 b2 c2  8 6
3 1 
  
 2 6
3 1 1 
  ;     6 ;   3
 2 2 6
48. If a  2i  5 j  k and b  4i  m j  nk are collinear vectors then find the values of m and n.
(Jun-11)
Sol a  2i  5 j  k and b  4i  mj  nk are collinear.

2 5 1  a i  b j  c k and a i  b j  c k are collinear then a1  b1  c1

   1 1 1 2 2 2
4 m n a 2 b2 c 2

2 5 2 1
  ;   m  10 ; n  2
4 m 4 n

49. If OA = i + j + k, AB = 3i - 2j + k, BC = i + 2j-2k and CD = 2i + j + 3k, then find the vector OD.

( March-2013)
Sol. OD  OA  AB  BC  CD =(i+j+k)+(3i-2j+k)+(i+2j - 2k)+(2i+j+3k)  7 i  2 j  3k

50. OABC is a parallelogram. If OA = a and OC=c, then find the vector equation of the side BC.
(March-2009)
Sol: Let O be the origin
C B

OA  a , OC  c
c

O a
A

CB  OA  a the vector Eqn. of BC is vector equation of the line passing through c and parallel to a
 r  c  ta  The vector equation of the line passing through a and parallel to the b is r =a + tb

51. Find the equation of the plane which passes through the points 2i  4 j  2k , 2i  3 j  5k
and parallel to the vector 3i  2 j  k (Mar-12)
Sol Let a  2i  4 j  2k , b  2i  3 j  5k , c  3i  2 j  k

The vector equation of plane passing through a , b and parallel to c is r   1  s  a  sb  tc s, t  R

 r  1  s   2 i  4 j  2k   s  2 i  3 j  5k   t  3i  2 j  k 

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52. Find the vector equation of the line j oining the points 2i + j + 3k and -4i + 3j - k. (Mar-11)
Sol Let a  2 i  j  3k and b  4 i  3 j  k

The vector equation of the line passing through the points a , b is r   1  t  a  tb , tR

r  1  t   2i  j  3k   t  4i  3 j  k  =  2 i  j  3 k   t   6 i  2 j  4 k 
53. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 2i  3 j  k and
parallel to the vector 4i  2 j  3k . (June-10)
Sol. Let a  2 i  3 j  k and b  4 i  2 j  3k

The vector equation of the line passing through a and parallel to b is r  a  tb ; tR

r   2 i  3 j  k   t  4 i  2 j  3k    2  4t  i   3  2t  j  1  3t  k

54. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points i  2 j  5k ,
5 j  k and  3i  5 j .
Sol. Let a  i  2 j  5k , b  5 j  k , c  3i  5 j

The vetor equation of the plane passing through the points a, b, c is r   1 s  t  a  sb  t c s, t  R


 r  1  s  t  i  2 j  5 k   s  5 j  k   t  3 i  5 j 
 r   i  2 j  5k   s   i  3 j  6k  t  4i  7 j  5k 
55. If a, b, c are the position vectors of the vertices A, B and C respectively of ABC
then find the vector equations of the median through the vertex A. (Mar-04,13,May-08)
Sol.
A a

B b D  b  c  C c
 2 

Let OA  a , OB  b , OC  c

The vector equation of the line passing through the points a , b is r   1  t  a  tb , tR

b c
r  1  t  OA  t  OD   1  t  a  t  
 2 

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56. Is the triangle formed by the vectors 3i + 5j + 2k, 2i - 3j - 5k and -5i - 2j + 3k equilateral?
Sol Let OA  3i  5 j  2k , OB  2 i  3 j  5k , OC  5 i  2 j  3k

 r  x i  yj  zk th en r  x2  y2  z2

AB  OB  OA =  i  8 j  7 k  AB  1  64  49  114

BC  OC  OB  7 i  j  8k  BC  49  1  64  114

CA  OA  OC  8 i  7 j  k  CA  64  49  1  114
 given vectors form an equilateral triangle.

57. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points (0, 0, 0), (0, 5, 0) and (2, 0, 1).
Sol. Let a   0,0,0   0 , b   0,5,0  5 j , c   2, 0,1   2 i  k

 Equation of plane passing through a , b & c is r   1  s  t  a  sb  tc

 r  1  s  t  a  s  5 j   t  2 i  k 

r  s  5 j   t  2i  k 
58. ABCDE is a pentagon. If the sum of the vecotrs AB, AE , BC , DC , ED and AC
is  AC then find the value of  .

Sol

AB  AE  BC  DC  ED  AC   AC
   
 AB  BC  AE  ED  DC  AC   AC

 
 AC  AD  DC  AC   AC

 AC  AC  AC   AC
 3AC   AC
  3

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PRODUCT OF VECTORS
59. If a = i + 2j - 3k and b = 3 i - j + 2k then show that a + b and a - b are perpedicular to each other
(May-11)
Sol: a  b  4i  j  k ; a  b  2i  3 j  5k

  a  b  .  a  b   4  2  1 3   1 5 = - 8+3+5=0 a is lr to b then a .b  0

  a  b  and  a  b  are perpendicular to each other

60. If the vectors  i  3 j  5k and 2 i   j  k are pependicular to each other, find 

Sol Let a   i  3 j  5k , b  2 i   j  k

  i  3 j  5 k  .  2 i   j  k   0  a is perpendicular to b  a . b  0

5
2 2  3  5  0   2  5  1  0      or 1
2

2p
61. If 4i  j  pk is parallel to the vector i  2 j  3k , find p. (Mar-11)
3
2P
Sol: Let given vectors be a  4 i  j  Pk , b  i  2 j  3k are parallel
3
a1 b1 c1 4
2P P
 a b c   3  P 4  P  12
2 2 2 1 2 3 3

62. Find the angle between the vectors i  2 j  3k and 3i  j  2k . (March-2010)

Sol: Let a  i  2 j  3 k , b  3i  j  2 k

cos  
a .b

 i  2 j  3k  . 3i  j  2k   3  2  6  7 1

a b 1 4  9 9 1 4 14 14 14 2


 
3
63. Find the cartesian equation of the plane through the point A  2, 1, 4  and parallel
to the plane 4 x  12 y  3 z  7  0
Sol. The normal to the plane 4x-12y-3z-7 is 4i-12j-3k
A  2 i  j  4k , P  xi  yj  zk be any point in the required plane.
then  AP  .  4i  12 j  3k   0   x  2  i   y  1 j   z  4  k  .  4 i  12 j  3k   0

 4  x  2   12  y  1  3  z  4   0
 4 x  12 y  3 z  32

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64. Find the angle between the planes r. (2i-j +2k) = 3 and r. (3i +6 j + k) = 4.
Sol The normal vectors to the planes are n1=2i - j+2k, n2=3i-6j+k
n1 .n2 2  3   1 6   2 1
 Let  be an angle between the planes, cos   
n1 n2 4  1  4 9  36  1

662 2  2 
    cos 1  
3 46 3 46  3 46 
65. Find the area of the parallelopiped having 2i - 3j and 3i-k as adjecent sides.(May-12)
Sol: Let a = 2i - 3j , b = 3i-k
i j k
 2 3 0
a b Vector area of parallelogram having edge to sides a and b is a  b
3 0 1

= i  3  0   j  2  0   k  0  9  = 3i  2 j  9k

 Re quired Area  a  b = 9  4  81 = 94 sq units.

66. Let a = i + j + k and b = 2 i + 3 j + k find
i) The projection vector of b and a and its magnitude
ii) The vector components of b in the direction of a and perpendicular to a
Sol:. (i) Let a  i  j  k , b  2i  3 j  k

b .a 2  3 1
 The projection vector of b on a  .a  i  j  k
 
2
2
a 3

6

3
i  j  k   2i  j  k 
b .a 1  2   1  3   1 1  6
 Magnitude of projection vector =  
a 2 3
111 3

 Vector components of b along a 

 b .a  a
(ii) 2
a


 2  3  1 i  j  k 
 2 i  j  k 
 
2
111

Vector component of b perpendicular to a

b 
 b .a  a
2   2i  3 j  k    2i  2 j  2k   j  k
a

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67. If a =2i+2j-3k , b = 3i - j + 2k, then find the angle between 2a + b and a + 2b
Sol: 2a  b  2  2 i  2 j  3k    3i  2 j  2k   7 i  2 j  4k

a  2b   2 i  2 j  3k   2  3i  2 j  2k   8i  2 j  k

Suppose  be angle between 2a  b & a  2b

 Cos 
 2a  b  .  a  2b   cos  
a .b
2a  b a  2b a .b

cos  
 7 i  2 j  4k  . 8i  2 j  k   56  4  4   48  16
= 69 23
49  4  16 64  4  1 69 69

 16 
  cos1  
 23 

68. If |a| = 2, |b| = 3 and |c| = 4 and each of a, b, c is perpendicular to the sum of the other two
vectors, then find the magnitude of a + b + c.
Sol: a  2, b  3, c  4,

given a .  b  c   b .  c  a   c .  a  b   0

2  a .b  b .c  c .a   0

  a  b  c   a  b  c  2  a .b  b .c  c .a 
2 2 2 2

2 2 2
a  b  c  4  9  16  0 =29

 abc  29

69. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the vectors
a  4i  3 j  k , b  2i  6 j  3k (May-09)
Sol:. a  4 i  3 j  k , b  2 i  6 j  3k

i j k
a b  4 3 1
 i  9  6   j  12  2   k  24  6 
2 6 3

 15i  10 j  30k  5  3i  2 j  6k 

a  b  5 9  4  36  5 49  5  7   35

 unit vector perpendicular to both a and b is = ±

a ×b
±
15 i + 10j - 30k   3i  2 j  6k 
a×b 35 
7

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70. If a  2i  j  k and b  i  3 j  5k then find a  b (March-2013)

i j k
a  b  2 1 1
Sol  8i  11 j  5k
1 3 5

a  b  64  121  25  210
71. If a = 2i - 3j + 5k , b = -i + 4j + 2k then find a  b and unit vector perpendicular to both a and b.

i j k
a  b  2 3 5  i 6  20  j 4  5  k 8  3
Sol       = 26i  9 j  5k
1 4 2

 26   9 
2 2
a b   52  782

a b 1
 The unit vector  as to both a & b is     26i  9 j  5k 
a b 782
72. Let a =2i-j+k and b = 3i+4 j-k. If  is the angle between a and b, then find sin 
i j k
a  b  2 1 1
Sol:
3 4 1

 i 1  4   j  2  3  k  8  3   3 i  5 j  11k

a  4  1  1  6 b  9  16  1  26

a  b  9  25  121  155

a b 155 155
 sin    
a b 6 26 156
2 2 2 2
73. For any vector a, show that ai  a j  a k  2 a
Sol: Let a  a1i  a2 j  a3k
a  i   a1i  a2 j  a3k   i  a1  i  i   a2  j  i   a3  k  i   a2 k  a3 j

a  i  a22  a32

Similarly a  j  a12  a32 , a  k  a12  a22

  a22  a32    a12  a32    a12  a22 

2 2 2
 a i  a j  a k
2
 2  a12  a22  a32   2 a RHS

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
74. If p  2, q  3 and p, q    6
, then find p  q
2

2 2 2
Sol: p  q  p q sin 2 
1
 22.32 sin 2 30 0  4.9.  9
4
75.   
Compute a  b  c  b  c  a  c  a  b   
Sol: a  b  c   b   c  a   c   a  b 

 a b  a c  b c  b a  c a  c b  a b  a c  b c  a b  a c b c  0
76. Find the area of the parallelogram having a  2 j  k and b  i  k as adjacent sides.
i j k
 0 2 1
Sol: Vector area of parallelagram having adjacent sides a and b isa  b
1 0 1

= i (2 - 0) - j (0 - 1)+ k (0+2)  2 i  j  2k
 Re quired Area  a  b  4  1  4  9  3 Sq.units
77. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 3i  j  2k and i  3 j  4k
Sol:
i j k
d1  d 2  3 1 2
 i  4  6   j 12  2   k  9  1  2 i  14 j  10k
1 3 4

 d1  d 2  4  196  100  300  2 75

1
 Area  2 75 
2
1
 75 Sq. units  Area of parallelogram whose diagonals are d1 .d 2 is 2 d1  d 2

78. If the vectors a = 2i - j + k, b = i + 2j - 3k and c = 3i + p j + 5k are coplanar, then find p.

Sol:
2 1 1
 a b c   1 2 3  i j k   0  a , b , c are coplanar   a b c   0
3 p 5

 2 10  3 p   1 5  9   1 p  6   0
 20  6 p  14  p  6  0
 7 p  28
 p  4

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79.     
Show that i  a  i  j  a  j  k  a  k  2 a for any vector a 
Sol. Let a  a1i  a2 j  a2k
a .i  a1 , a . j  a2 , a .k  a3
Nowi   a  i    i.i  a   i .a  i  a  a1i

Similar j   a  j   a  a2 j and k   a  k   a  a3 k

i   a  i   j   a  j   k   a  k   3a   a1i  a2 j  a3k   3a  a  2a RHS

80. Prove that for any three vectors a, b, c, [ b + c c + a a + b] = 2 [a b c]

Sol: LHS
0 1 1
 1 0 1  a b c    0 0  1  1 0  1  1 1  0   a b c   2  a b c  RHS
[b+c c+a a+b]           
1 1 0

81. Compute i  j j  k k i

1 1 0

Sol i  j j  k k  i  0 1 1 i j k 
1 0 1

= 11  0   1 0  1  0 1  i j k   1

 1 1  0

82. Let b=2i+j-k,c=i+3k.If a is a unit vector then find the maximum value of [a b c]
Sol. a 1

i j k
b  c  2 1 1  i 3  0  j 6  1  k 0  1
       3i  7 j  k
1 0 3

b  c  9  49  1  59

 M axim um value of  a b c    a b c   a .( b  c )
 a .  b  c  cos  a , b  c   a b  c cos   1. 59.1  59 maximum valueof cos  1

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1 1
83. If e1 e2  sin where e1 and e2 are unit vectors including an angle  , show that   .
2 2
1
Sol:. e1  e 2  s i n  
2
S.O.B.S
1 2 2
4
 e1  e2  2e1e2 cos    sin 2 

1 1
 1  1  2 cos    sin 2    2 1  cos     sin 2 
4 4
1 2 
 2  2sin 2   sin 
2

 

1

2

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS UPTO TRANSFORMATIONS

84. If cos   sin   2 cos  . Prove that cos   sin   2 sin  . (Mar-09,Jun-11)
1)
Sol: Given cos   sin   2 cos 

sin   2 cos   cos    

2  1 cos 

   
2 1 sin   2 12  cos
2
multiplying with  2  1 on both sides   

2 sin   sin   cos   cos   sin   2 sin 

85. If 3 sin   4 cos   5 ,then find the value of 4 s in   3 c o s  . (Mar-12)
Ans: Let 3 sin   4 cos   5 ......... (1)
4 s in   3 c o s   a .......(2)
Squaring and adding on 1 and 2 both sides, get
 3sin   4 cos     4sin   3cos    52  a 2
2 2

25sin 2   25 cos 2   25  a 2
 
25 sin 2   cos 2  = 25  a 2 sin2   cos2   1
25  a 2  25  a=0
 3 5 7 9
86. Prove that cot .cot .cot .cot .cot 1 (March-2005)
20 20 20 20 20

0
Sol: cot 90.cot 27 0.cot 450.cot 630.cot 810  cot 45 0  1  20  9

cot 90.cot 270.cot(90  27)0 .cot(90  9)0

 cot 9 0
 
tan 90 . cot 27 0 tan 27 0  1.1=1  cot A tan A  1

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87. Find the period of the following functions.
 4x  9 
i) f  x   tan 5x ii) f  x   cos   (March-2005, May-10)
 5 

iii) f  x   sin x iv) f  x   cos4 x

x x
v) f  x   2 sin  3 cos
4 3

vi) f ( x)  tan  x  4 x  9 x  ...  n x  vii) f ( x)  cos(3 x  5)  7

2


Sol: i) f  x   tan 5x . Period of Tanax is a

 
period is 
5 5

 4x  9   4x 9  2
ii) f  x   cos    cos   .  The period of cos  ax  b  is
 5   5 5 a

2 5
period  
4 2
5

iii) f  x   sin x
f(x+  )= sinx   
  sin x = sin x = f(x)  Period of f (x )  

iv) f  x   cos4 x

f x     cosx   4   cos x 4  cos 4 x = f(x)  Period of f (x)  

x x
v) f  x   2 sin  3 cos
4 3
2 2
x x
The period of sin is  = 8 , the period of cos is  = 6
4 4 3 3
period of f(x)=L.C.M. of (8, 6) = 24.
vi) Let f  x   tan  x  4 x  9 x  ...........  n 2 x 

 tan  x  22 x  32 x  .........  n 2 x 
 tan 12  22  32  .........  n 2  x
n n  1 2n  1
 n  n  1 2n  1  12  22  32  .........  n2 
 tan  6
x
 6 

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
The period of tan ax is a

 6
f x  
The period of f  x  is n  n  1 2 n  1  n  n  1 2 n  1 
6
vii) f ( x )  cos(3 x  5)  7
2
The period of the function cos(ax  b) is a

2 2
 period = 3  3

0 0 0 0 1
88. Prove that cos12  cos132  cos 84  cos156  
2
Sol:  cos12 0
 
 cos1320  cos 840  cos1560 
C  D C D
 cos C  cos D  2 cos   cos  2 
2 cos 720.cos 600  2 cos1200 cos 360  2   

1  1
2 cos 720.  2    cos 360
2  2

 5 1   5  1  1
sin180  cos 360        
 4   4  2

0 0 0 0 1
89. Prove that cos100 cos 40  sin 100 sin 40  . (Mar-11)
2
Sol: cos100 0 cos 40 0  sin 100 0 sin 40 0
1
 cos 100  40   cos 60   cos  A  B   cos A cos B  sin A sin B
2
90. Find the value of cos 42 + cos 78 + cos 162 (May-11)
Sol. cos 42 + cos 78 + cos 162
Cos (60-18) + Cos (60+18) + Cos (180-18) cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)  2cos A cos B
= 2 Cos 60 . Cos 18 – Cos 18 = 0
91. Find the miximum and minimum values of the following functions.
(i) f(x) = 7 cos x – 24 sin x + 5
(ii) f  x   sin 2 x  cos 2 x

   
(iii) cos  x    2 2 sin  x    3 (March-2009)
 3  3
(iv) f(x) = 13 cos x + 3 3 sin x  4
(v) f  x   3sin x  4 cos x (March-2014)

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Sol. (i). f(x) = 7 cos x – 24 sin x + 5, where a = 7, b = -24, c = 5

 Maximum value  c  a 2  b 2

 5  7 2   242   5  625  5  25  30

 M inim um value = c - a 2  b 2

 5  72   24  5  625  5  25  20

2

(ii). f  x   sin 2 x  cos 2 x where a=1,b=-1,c=0

 Maximum value  c  a 2  b 2 = 2

 M inim um value = c - a 2  b 2   2

   
(iii). cos  x    2 2 sin  x    3 where b = 2 2 , a = 1, c = -3.
 3  3

2 2 
2
 Maximum value  c  a 2  b 2  3   12  0

2 2 
2
 M inim um value = c - a 2  b 2  3   12  6

(iv). f(x) = 13 cos x + 3 3 sin x  4 where b = 3 3 , a = 13, c = -4.

3 3 
2
 13   10
2
 Maximum value  c  a 2  b 2  4 

3 3 
2
 13   18
2
 M inim um value = c - a 2  b 2  4 

(v) f  x   3sin x  4 cos x

Where b  3, a  4, c  0

 Maximum value  c  a 2  b2  0  16  9  25  5

 M inim um value = c - a 2  b 2  0  16  9   25  5
92 . Find the value of
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
(i) sin 2 82  sin 2 22 (ii) cos 2 112  sin 2 52 (iii) sin 2 52  sin 2 22
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0
2 1 1
Sol: (i) sin 82  sin 2 22 = sin(82.5+22.5) sin(82.5-22.5)  sin2 A  sin2 B  sin( A  B )sin( A  B )
2 2
 3 1  3 
    3 3
= sin 105. sin 60   2 2  2  4 2
  

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1
0
1
0
3 1
ii) cos 2 112  sin 2 52 = cos 1650  .cos  600   cos150  sin750 
2 2 2 2

 cos2 A  sin2 B  cos( A  B)cos( A  B)

1 1  3  . 1   1  3 
 
    0
cos 1800  150 .cos 600 = - cos 15 . = 
2 2 2 2 4 2
0 0 0 0
1 sin  52 1  22 1  sin  52 1  22 1 
0 0
1
iii) sin 52  sin 22 = 
2 2
  
2 2  2 2   2 2 

 sin 2 A  sin 2 B  sin( A  B )sin( A  B )

3 1 1 3311
= sin 750.sin 300 = . 
2 2 2 24 22

1 3
93. Prove that  =4
sin10 cos100
0

1 3 
2  cos100  sin100 
0 2 2 0
1 3 cos10  3 sin10  
Sol. L.H.S. =  0 = = 1
0
sin10 cos10 0
sin10 cos10
0
2
 2sin10 cos10 
0 0

cos A cos B  sin A sin B  cos( A  B)

4  cos 600.cos100  sin 600.sin100  4cos  600 100  4cos700 4 cos 70 0

   =4
sin 2 100  sin 200 sin200 cos 700

2
94. If sec   tan   , find the value of sin  and determine the quadrant in which  lies.
3
Sol. We know that sec 2   tan 2   1
1 1 3
 sec   tan   
 sec   tan   = 2 / 3  2
2 3
  sec   tan     sec   tan    
3 2
49 13 13
2sec    2sec    sec  
6 6 12
2 3 5
Again  sec   tan     sec   tan     
3 2 6
5 5 5
2 tan    = tan    , sin  
6 12 13
Since sec  is positive and tan  is a negative, '  ' lies always in IV-quadrant

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4 2  1 
95. Show that cos   2 cos   1  = 4
 sec   1 sin 
2

 1 
 = cos   2 cos  1  cos  
4 2
Sol. L.H.S = cos   2 cos   1  2
4 2 2
 sec  


 cos 4   2 cos 2  sin 2   cos 2  cos 2   2 sin 2  
2  2 2 2  2  2 
= cos   cos   sin   sin    cos  1  sin  
   

= 1  sin 2   1  sin 2   = 1  sin 4  L.H.S=R.H.S

 tan   cot  
2
96.  sec 2   cos ec 2   sec 2  cosec2 

Sol:  tan   cot  

2
=sec
tan2+cos   
= 1 tan 2   1  cot 2  = sec 2   cos ec 2 
cot2  + 2sec 
2 2 1 1 sin 2   cos 2 
Again sec   cos ec    2 = = 2 2
cos  sin  sin 2  cos 2  sec .cos ec 
2

2sin  1  cos   sin 

97. If x  find the value of
1  cos   sin  1  sin 

2sin  2sin  1  sin   cos  

Sol. Given x  =
1  sin    cos2 
2
1  cos   sin 

2sin  1  sin   cos   2sin  1  sin   cos   2sin  1  sin   cos  

= 2 2 = =
1  sin   2sin   cos  sin 2   sin 2   2sin  2sin 2   2sin 
1  cos   sin 
x
1  sin 
2
tan 6100  tan 7000 1  p
98. i) If tan 200  P then prove that = 2
tan 5600  tan 4700 1  p
tan 6100  tan 7000
Sol. i) L.H.S =
tan 5600  tan 4700

tan  360  250   tan  720  20 

0 0

tan 2500  tan 200 
=
tan  360  200   tan  360  110  tan  200   tan 110 
0 0 0 0

1 1
 tan 200 p
0
cot 20  tan 20 0 tan 20 0 p 1  p2
= 1 = 1 ( tan 20  p ) Then we get=
0
tan 200  cot 200 tan 200  p 1  p2
tan 20 0 p

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tan1600  tan1100 1   2
ii) If tan 200   , then prove that 
1  tan1600 tan1100 2
tan1600  tan1100
Sol. L.H.S. =
1  tan1600 tan1100

tan 1800  200   tan  900  200 

= 1  tan 1800  200 tan 900  200
   
1
 
  1    R.H .S
2
0 0
 tan 20  cot 20 
= 1 2
1  tan 200 cot 200 1  .


 
99. i) Draw the graph of y  tan x in between 0, 
 4
ii) Draw the graph of y  cos 2 x in  0,  iii) Draw the graph of y  sin 2 x in  0,  
 
Ans. i) X 0
6 4
1
Y=tan x 0 1
3

x 0  /4  /2 3 / 4 
ii) 2
y  cos x 1 / 2 0 1/ 2 1

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  3
iii) X
4 2 4
Y=sin2x 1 0 -1


100. If  is not multiple of prove that tan   2 tan 2  4 tan 4  8 tan 8 = cot 
2
Sol, we know that tan A  cot A  2 cot 2 A      1
There fore tan   2 tan 2  4 tan 4  8 tan 8
 cot   2cot 2  2cot 2  4cot 4  4cot 4  8cot 8  8cot 8 = cot 
101. prove that 4  cos 660  sin 840   3  15

Sol.  0

L.H.S  4 cos660  sin840 = 4 cos 66  sin  90  6 
0
  4 cos66  cos  6 
0 0

  66  6   66  6   C  D C D
 4  2 cos   cos    cos C  cos D  2cos   cos  
  2   2   2   2 
= 8 cos 360.cos 300

 5 1   3 
= 8  4   2  =
  
 5 1  3   15  3  L.H.S = R.H.S

3 1
102. Prove that cos 200 cos 400  sin 50.sin 250 =
4
Sol. L.H.S= cos 200 cos 400  sin 50.sin 250
1
  cos  20  40   cos  20  40    cos  5  25   cos  5  25     2 sin A sin B  cos( A  B )  cos( A  B )
2
 2 cos A cos B  cos( A  B )  cos( A  B )


1 1
  cos 60  cos 20    cos 20  cos 30    cos 60  cos 30
2 2

1 1 3  1 1  3   1  3 
     
2  2 2  = 2  2   4   L.H.S=R.H.S

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
103. If ABC are angle of a triangle and if non of them is equal to then prove that
2
Tan A + Tan B + Tan C = Tan A . Tan B . Tan C
Sol. A+B+C = 
tan A  tan B
tan  A  B   tan   C     tan C
1  tan A tan B
tanA+tanB= -Tan C + Tan A . Tan B . Tan C
 Tan A + Tan B + Tan C = Tan A . Tan B . Tan C
1
104. If sin    and  does not lie in the third quadrant. Find the value of cos  .(Mar-13)
3
1
Sol: Given that sin    < 0
3
   Q3 & Q4
   Q3    Q4  cos   0
2
 1 1 8
cos 2   1  sin 2   1      1  
 3 9 9

8 2 2
 cos   
9 3
105. Find a cosine function whose period is 7. (March 2013)
Sol: Let the required function f  x   cos ax
2 2 2
 7 a  a
a 7 7

2
 f  x   cos x
7
2
106. Find a sine function whose period is
3
Sol: Let f  x   sin ax
2 2
period  a  3  a  3  a  3

 f ( x )  sin (  3 ) x   sin (3 ) x

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0 0
cos 9  sin 9
107. Prove that  cot 360 (Mar-11)
cos 90  sin 90

cos 90 sin 90

0 0 1  tan 90
cos 90  sin 90 cos 90 cos 90  tan( A  B) 
tan A  tan B
Sol, L.H.S. =  cos 9 sin 9 1  tan 90
cos 90  sin 90  1  tan Atan B
cos 90 cos 90

 
 tan 450  90  tan 540  cot 360

5 
108. If cos    and     then find sin 2 .
13 2
Sol: Since sin 2   1  cos 2 

25 144 144 12
 1   sin       Q2 
169 169 169 13
 12   5  120
 sin 2  2sin  .cos   2       
 13   13  169
2 tan x
109. For what values of x in the first quadrant is positive?
1  tan 2 x

2 tan x 2tan A
Sol:  tan 2 x  0 tan2A 
1  tan 2 x 1  tan2 A

 0  2x   x  Q1 
2

0x
4
 
x   0, 
 4
 
110. If 0    , show that 2  2  2  2 cos 4  2 cos
8 2
A
Sol: 2  2  2  2 cos 4  2  2  2 1  cos 4  1  cos A  2cos2
2

 2  2  2 cos 2

 2  2 1  cos 2   2 1  cos    2 cos
2

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sin 2 1
0

111. Prove that tan   and hence deduce the values of tan150 and tan 22
1  cos 2 2
sin 2 2 sin  cos  sin 
Sol: R.H.S =    tan 
1  cos 2 2 cos 2  cos 
sin 2
 tan   , If put   150 then
1  cos 2

1
0 1 2
sin 30    2 3
tan150  3 2 3
1  cos 300 1 
2

1
1
0
sin 450  2  1  2 1
Put   tan 22  1 2 1
2 1  cos 450 1 
2

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
5
112. I f cosh x  , find the values of  i  cosh  2x  and  ii  sinh  2x . (Mar-10,11,May-06,11)
1)
2
5
Sol. Given cosh x 
2

 sinh 2 x  cosh 2 x  1  co sh 2 x  sin h 2 x  1

25 21
 sinh 2 x  1  sinh 2 x 
4 4
21
 sinh x  
2

5
2
 25  23
(i)  2   1  2  4  1   cosh 2 x  2cosh 2 x  1
2
   2 2

 21   5  5 21
(ii)  2      sinh 2 x  2sinh x cosh x
 2   2  2
3
113. If sinh x  ,find cosh 2 x and sinh 2 x . (Mar-12,2014, May-09)
4
3
Sol. Given sinh x 
4
9
 cosh 2 x  1  sinh 2 x  1  16  cosh2 x  sinh2 x  1

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25 5
 cosh 2 x   cosh x   cosh x  1
16 4
 9  16  18 34 17
(i)  1 2    
 16  16 16 8  cosh 2 x  1  2sinh 2 x

 3   5  15
(ii)  2     sinh2 x  2sinh x cosh x
 4 2  4  8
114. If cosh x  sec then prove that tanh 2 x / 2  tan 2  / 2 ( Mar -2013)
Sol. Given Coshx  sec

 
2sin2  
2 x cosh x 1 sec 1  1  cos   2   tan 2  / 2
We have Tanh    = sec  1 1  cos  
 2  cosh x 1 2cos2  
 2

 x  cosh x  1    
Tanh2    1  cos  2sin2   1  cos  2cos2   sec  1
 2  cosh x  1  2  2 cos 

115. For x, y  R Prove that  i  sinh  x  y   sinh x cosh y  cosh x sinh y

 ii  cosh  x  y   cosh x cosh y  sinh x sinh y

Sol. (i) R.H.S = sinh x cosh y  cosh x sinh y

 e x  e x  e y  e y   e x  e x   e y  e y  e x  e x e x  e x
     sinh x  ,cosh x 
 2  2   2  2  2 2

e x y  e x y  e x  y  e x  y  e x  y  e x  y  e x  y  e x y

4
 x  y 
2e x y  2e x  y   2  e  e
x y
  e x  y  e  x  y  
 
 
     sinh  x  y  = L.H.S
4  4   2 
sinh  x  y   sinh x cosh y  cosh x sinh y .
(ii) R.H.S = cosh x cosh y  sinh x sinh y

 e x  e x   e y  e y   e x  e x   e y  e y  e x  e x e x  e x
     sinh x  ,cosh x 
 2  2   2  2  2 2
 x  y   x  y 
e x y  e x y  e x y  e  e x y  e x y  e x y  e

4

2 e x  y  2e
 x  y   e x  y  e  x  y    e x  y  e  x  y  
  2      cosh  x  y   L.H .S
 4 2
4    
cosh  x  y   cosh x cosh y  sinh x sinh y .

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JR MATHS-IA VSAQ SOLUTIONS

116. Prove that
 i   cosh x  sinh x   cosh  nx   sinh  nx  , for any n  R
n
(March-06,07)

 ii   cosh x  sinh x  cosh  nx   sinh  nx  , for any n  R

n

 e x  e x   e x  e x  e x  e x e x  e x
Sol. (i) cosh x  sinh x   
   sinh x  ,cosh x 
 2   2  2 2

e x  e  x  e x  e x 2e x
 
2 2
x
 cosh x  sinh x  e
L.H.S =  cosh x sinh x   ex   enx .
n n

 e nx  e  nx   e nx  e  nx 

R.H.S = cosh nx  sinh nx    
 2   2 

enx  enx  enx  enx 2e  nx

   e  nx
2 2
 L.H .S  R.H .S
 cosh x  sinh x   cosh  nx   sinh  nx 
n

 e x  e x   e x  e x 
(ii) cosh x  sinh x    
 2   2 

e x  e x  e x  e  x 2e x e x  e x e x  e x
  sinh x  ,cosh x 
2 2 2 2
 cosh x  sinh x  e x

L.H.S =  cosh x  sinh x    ex   enx

n n

 e nx  e  nx   e nx  e  nx 

R.H .S  cosh  nx   sinh  nx     
 2   2 

enx  enx  enx  enx 2enx

 = = enx
2 2
 L.H.S = R.H.S
 cosh x  sinh x   cosh  nx   sinh  nx 
n

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JR MATHS-IA VSAQ SOLUTIONS

117. For any x  R , prove that cosh x  sinh x  cosh  2 x  .
4 4

Sol. L.H.S  cosh4 x  sinh4 x

=  cosh 2 x    sinh 2 x 
2 2
a 2  b2   a  b a  b

 cosh 2 x  cosh 2 x  sinh 2 x

=  cosh x  sinh x  cosh x  sinh x 
2 2 2 2
and cosh 2 x  sinh 2 x  1

 1.cosh 2x
 cosh 2 x  R.H .S
 cosh 4 x  sinh 4 x  cosh 2 x
      
118. If   ,  and x  log  cot      prove that sinh x  tan 2 and cosh x  sec 2 .
 4 4   4 

  
Sol. Given x  log  cot     
 4 

    1 1
 e x  cot      e  x  tan     e  x  and  tan
4  4  e x
cot 

1     e x  e x
(i)   cot      tan       cosh x 
2  4  4  2

1  
=  2 cos ec 2       cot A  tan A  2cos ec 2 A
2 4 

   
= cos ec   2   sec 2 cos ec      sec
 2  2 

1      e x  ex
(ii)   cot      tan       sinh x 
2 4  4  2

1    
  2 cot 2       cot   2   cot A  tan A  2 cot 2 A
2 4  2 

 
  tan 2 cot       tan
2 

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    
119. If u  log e  tan     and if cos   0, then prove that coshu = secθ.
  4 2 

    
Sol: Given u  loge  tan    
  4 2 

      1 1
 eu  tan     e u  cot     e  u  u and  cot 
4 2  4 2 e tan 

eu  eu e x  e x
cosh u  cosh x 
2 2

1       
  tan     cot    
2  4 2  4 2 

1    
=  2 cos ec 2      cot A  tan A  2 cos ec 2 A
2  4 2 

   
= cos ec      sec  cos ec      sec
2  2 

tanh x  tanh y
120. Prove that tanh  x  y   .
1  tanh x tanh y

sinh x sinh y

tanh x  tanh y  cosh x cosh y sinh x
Sol. R.H.S  sinh x sinh y  tanh x 
1  tanh x tanh y 1  . cosh x
cosh x cosh y

sinh x cosh y  cosh x sinh y  sinh  x  y   sinh x cosh y  cosh x sinh y


cosh x cosh y  sinh x sinh y cosh  x  y   cosh x cosh y  sinh x sinh y

sinh  x  y 
  tanh  x  y  = L.H.S
cosh  x  y 

tanh x  tanh y
 tanh  x  y   .
1  tanh x tanh y
cosh x sinh x
121. Prove that   sinh x  cosh x, for x  0.
1  tanh x 1  coth x
cosh x sinh x
Sol: L.H.S  
1  tanh x 1  coth x
cosh x sinh x
  sinh x cosh x
sinh x cosh x tanh x  coth x 
1 1 cosh x sinh x
cosh x sinh x

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JR MATHS-IA VSAQ SOLUTIONS

cosh 2 x sinh 2 x cosh 2 x sinh 2 x
   
cosh x  sinh x sinh x  cosh x cosh x  sinh x cosh x  sinh x


cosh 2 x  sinh 2 x

 cosh x  sinh x   cosh x  sinh x  a2  b2   a  b  a  b
cosh x  sinh x cosh x  sinh x
 cosh x  sinh x = R.H.S
1 1  1 x 
122. Theorem: for x  (-1,1), Prove that tanh x  log e  
2  1 x 
Sol. Let x   1,1 and y  tanh 1 x  x  tanh y

x 1 e  e   e  e 
y y y y
x ey ey
 using componendo and dividendo x  1  y  y
1 ey  ey  e  e    e y  e y 
a c ab cd
    componendo and dividendo
b d a b cd

x 1 2e y
  2y
x  1 2e  y   e
1 x  1 x  1  1 x  1 1  1 x 
 e2 y   2 y  log e    y  log e    tanh x  log e  .
1 x  1 x  2  1 x  2  1 x 

1  1  1
123. Show that tanh    log e 3 (Mar-2005, 2007, May-2005,2007)
2 2

1 1 x 
Sol.  tanh 1 x  log e  
2 1 x 
put x = 1/2

 1 3
 1   
1 1 1
 tanh 1    log e  2   log e  2   1 log 3
2 2 1 2 1
 1    2 e
 2 2

124. 
If sinh x  5 show that x  log e 5  26 . 
Sol. Given sinh x  5  x  sinh 1  5

  1 2
= log e 5  5  1  sinh x  log e x  x  1
2
 

 log e 5  25  1 
 x  log e 5  26  .

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PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
125. In an equilateral triangle, find the value of r/R.
A B C 0
Sol: In an equilateral triangle ABC, A  B  C  600 ,    30
2 2 2
A B C
4 R sin .sin .sin 1 1 1 1
r 2 2 2 0 0 0
= 4.sin 30 .sin 30 .sin 30  4. . . 
 2 2 2 2
R R

126. If the lengths of the sides of a triangle are 3,4,5,find the circum radius of the triangle .
Sol: Given sides of triangle are a=3,b=4,c=5

a  b  c 3  4  5 12
s =   6 and   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
2 2 2
  6  3 2 1  62  6

abc 5
R R
4 2
127. In ABC ,show that   b  c  cos A  2 s

Sol: L.H.S=   b  c  cos A

  b  c  cos A   c  a  cos B   a  b  cos C
= b cos A  c cos A  c cos B  a cos B  a cos C  b cos C
  bcos A acos B  ccos A acosC  ccos BbcosC
= c+b+a = 2s = R.H.S
128. If the sides of a triangle are 13,14,15,then find the circum diameter.
Sol: Given sides an be let a  13, b  14, c  15
a  b  c 13  14  15 42
s =   21
2 2 2

 2  s  s  a  s  b  s  c    2  84 2    84

 abc   13.14.15  65
Circum diameter=2R= 2  4   2  4  84  
    4
129. In ABC ,if  a  b  c  b  c  a   3bc . Find A. (March-2008)

Sol: Given that  a  b  c  b  c  a   3bc

2s  2 s  2a   3bc

4s  s  a   3bc

s  s  a 3

bc 4

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JR MATHS-IA VSAQ SOLUTIONS

A 3 A 3
cos 2   cos   cos 300
2 4 2 2
A
  300  A  600
2
C B
130. In ABC , find b cos  c cos
2 2
(Mar-10,12)
2 2
2 2
C B  s s  c   s s  B 
Sol: b cos 2  c cos 2  b    c
 


2 2  ab   ac 

s 2  sc s 2  sb 2s 2  s  c  b  2 s 2  s  2 s  a  2 s 2  2 s 2  as as
      s
a a a a a a
A 5 C 2
131. If tan  and tan  ,determine the relation between a,b,c. (May-2005)
2 6 2 5
A 5 C 2
Sol: Given that tan  ; tan 
2 6 2 5
A C 5 2 1
tan . tan  . 
2 2 6 5 3

 s  b  s  c  .  s  a  s  b  .  1  s  b  1

s  s  a s  s  c 3 s 3
3s  3b  s  2 s  3b  a  b  c  3b  a  c  2b  a,b,c are in A.P
A bc
132. cot  , find angle B.
2 a
A bc
Sol. Given that cot 
2 a

 BC   BC 
2sin   .cos  
A 2 R sin B  2 R sin C 2 R  sin B  sin C    2   2 
cot   A A
2 2 R sin A 2 R sin A 2sin .cos
2 2

A cos  A  .cos  B  C 
cos    
2  2  2  A  B C  A B C
A A A  cos 2  cos  2     AC  B
sin sin .cos   2 2
2 2 2
 A  B  C  1800 , 2 B  1800 ; B  900
A
133. In ABC ,express  r1 cot in terms of s. (May-06,11)
2
A  s s  a
Sol: Given that  r1 cot = . =  S  s  s  s  3s
2 S a 

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c  b cos A cos B
134. Show that 
b  c cos A cos C
c  b cos A a cos B  b cos A  b cos A a cos B cos B
Sol: L.H.S     =R.H.S
b  c cos A a cos C  c cos A  c cos A a cos C cos C
L.H.S=R.H.S

135. If a  3  1cms , B  300 , C  450 ,then find c.

Sol: Given that a  3  1 cms; B  300 ; C  450
 A  B  C  1800  A  180   B  C 
0

 
 A  1800  300  450 = 1050

1
 
3 1 .

a

c a.sin C
 c  sin A 
 
3  1 .sin 450 
3 1
2
= 2 cms
sin A sin C sin1050
2 2
63
136. If a=26cms,b=30cms and cos C  ,then find c. (Mar-11)
65
63
Sol: Given that a  26cms; b  30cms and cos C 
65
since by cosine rule c 2  b 2  a 2  2ab cos C
63
= 26  30  2  26  30  .
2 2
= =
65 676  900  1512 1576  1512
c 2  64  c=8 cms

137. If a = 6, b = 5, c = 9 then find angle A. (May-10)

Sol: Given that a = 6, b = 5, c = 9
b 2  c 2  a 2  25  81  36 70 7 1  7 
Since cos A     A  cos  
2bc 2  5 9  90 9 9

B
138. If a = 4, b = 5, c = 7 the find cos  
2
abc
Sol: Given that a = 4, b = 5, c = 7; s  =8
2

B s  s  b 8 8  5 6
since cos    = 
2 ca 7 4 7

139. If the angles are in the ration 1:5:6,then find the ratio of its sides. (May-2007)
Sol: Given ratio by angles A : B : C  K : 5 K : 6 K
A+B+C= 1800
K  5K  6 K  1800  12 K  1800  K  150

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JR MATHS-IA VSAQ SOLUTIONS

A  150 ; B  5 K  750 ; C  6 K  900
Ratio of their sides a : b : c  sin A : sin B : sin C
a : b : c  sin150 : sin 750 : sin 900
3 1 3 1
a:b:c  : :1
2 2 2 2
a : b : c  3  1: 3  1: 2 2

a 2  b 2  c 2 tan B
140. Prove that  .
c 2  a 2  b 2 tan C

a 2  b 2  c 2 2ab cos C b cos C 2 R sin B cos C sin B cos C

Sol: L.H.S     = .
c 2  a 2  b 2 2ac cos B c cos B 2 R sin C.cos B cos B sin C
tan B
= tan B.cot C = =R.H.S
tan C

141. Prove that  b  a cos C  sin A  a cos A sin C (March-2006)

Sol: L.H.S =  b  a cos C  sin A
=  a cos C  c cos A  a cos C  sin A
= c cos A.sin A =  2 R sin C  cos A.sin A
=  2 R sin A cos A.sin C = a cos A.sin C = R.H.S

a b c
142. If   ,then show that ABC is equilateral. (March-2009)
cos A cos B cos C
a b c
Sol: Given that  
cos A cos B cos C
2 R sin A 2 R sin B 2 R sin C
   tan A  tan B  tan C
cos A cos B cos C
 A  B  C  600  The given triangle is equilateral
1 1 1 1
143. In ABC ,Prove that r  r  r  r
1 2 3

1 1 1
1 1 1   
Sol: L.H.S = r  r  r   
1 2 3
s a s b s c
s  a s  b s  c  s  a   s  b   s  c 3s   a  b  c  3s   2 s  s 1
    = = = =
       r
1 1 1 1
r r r r
1 2 3

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JR MATHS-IA VSAQ SOLUTIONS

144. Show that r.r1.r2 .r3   2

Sol: L.H.S = r.r1.r2 .r3

     2 . 2  2 . 2
= s .  s  a  .  s  b .  s  c  s  a s  b s  c s  =  2 =R.H.S
     2

145. In ABC ,   6 sq. cm and S=1.5cm.,Find r..

Sol: Given that   6 sq. units, s  1.5cm
 6 60
r   4
S 1.5 15

146. If r.r2  r1.r3 ,then find B.

   
Sol: r.r2  r1.r3  .  .
s s b s a s c
1 1

s  s  b   s  a  s  c 

 s  a  s  c   s  s  b 
Multiply both side s with respect to s(s-b)
Then we get  2   s  s  b  
2


 1  tan B  tan 450 
B
 450  B  900
s  s  b 2 2

147. If A= 900 ,show that 2  r  R   b  c

Sol: Given that A  900
L.H.S  2  r  R   2r  2 R
A
 2  s  a  tan
 2 R.1  2  s  a  tan 450  2 R sin 900 = 2s-2a+a
2
= a  b  c  a = b  c =R.H.S
 L.H.S=R.H.S

r2 3
148. Show that  
 s  a  s  c  r

r2 
Sol: L.H .S   
 s  a  
s  c  s  a   b  s  c 
s

s s s s s 1 3s s 3

s  s  a  s  b  s  c       =    
    3s   3.  = R.H.S
 r

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JR MATHS-IA VSAQ SOLUTIONS

149. Show that a 2 sin 2C  c 2 sin 2 A  4
Sol: L.H.S= a 2 sin 2C  c 2 sin 2 A

 ac    ac 
= a 2  2sin C cos C   c 2  2sin A cos A = 2  2 R   a cos C  c cos A   = 2  2 R   b 
     

 abc 
=4  = =R.H.S
 4 R  4
150. If a cos A = b cos B, proove that the traingle is either isosceles or right angled
Sol: Given that a cos A = b cos B
2R sin A cos A = 2 R sin B cos B
 0
sin 2A = sin 2B ( or ) sin 2 A  sin 180  2 B 
 2 A  2 B or 2 A  1800  2 B
 A  B or A  B  900
 A  B or C  900 since A  B  C  1800
 the triangle is either isosceles or right angled.

***

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