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HTML Document Features

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13 views

HTML Document Features

Uploaded by

priyanshusaxena427
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An HTML (HyperText Markup Language) document is the backbone of web

pages, defining the structure, content, and semantics of a website. Below is a


detailed explanation of the features and components of an HTML document:

1. Doctype Declaration
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 Defines the version of HTML being used.
 In modern web development, <!DOCTYPE html> specifies HTML5.
 Helps browsers render the document correctly.

2. HTML Root Element


 <html>
 The container for all HTML content.
 Attributes:
 lang: Specifies the language of the document (e.g., lang="en" for English).
 Example:
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<html lang="en"> ... </html>

3. Head Section
 <head>
 Contains metadata and information about the document.
 Common elements include:
 <title>: Specifies the title of the document (shown in browser tabs).
 <meta>: Provides metadata (e.g., character set, viewport settings, descriptions).

 Example:
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<meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <link>: Links to external resources like stylesheets.

 Example:
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
 <style>: Embeds CSS directly in the document.
 <script>: Embeds or links JavaScript for dynamic functionality.
 <base>: Specifies the base URL for relative links.

4. Body Section
 <body>
 Contains the content displayed on the webpage.
 Includes various elements:
 Text and Structure:
 <h1> to <h6>: Headings of varying levels.
 <p>: Paragraphs.
 <br>: Line breaks.
 <hr>: Horizontal rules.
 Links and Media:
 <a>: Hyperlinks.
 <img>: Images.
 <audio>: Audio content.
 <video>: Video content.
 Lists:
 <ul>: Unordered lists.
 <ol>: Ordered lists.
 <li>: List items.
 Tables:
 <table>, <tr>, <td>, and other related elements.
 Forms:
 <form>, <input>, <textarea>, <button>, <select>, etc.

5. Attributes

 Modify or provide additional information about elements.


 Types:
 Global Attributes (applicable to most elements):
 class, id, style, title, data-*, etc.
 Element-specific Attributes:
 Example: src for <img> or <script>, href for <a>.
 Syntax:
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<element attribute="value">Content</element>

6. Semantic Elements
 Introduced in HTML5 for better document structure and accessibility.
 Examples:
 <header>: Defines introductory content or navigation links.
 <footer>: Defines footer content.
 <article>: Self-contained content (e.g., blog post).
 <section>: Thematic grouping of content.
 <aside>: Content aside from the main content (e.g., sidebars).
 <nav>: Navigation links.
 <main>: Main content of the document.

7. Media Features

 For integrating multimedia:


 Images: <img> with src and alt attributes.
 Audio: <audio> with controls.
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<audio controls> <source src="audio.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"> </audio>
 Video: <video> with controls.
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<video controls> <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>

8. Forms and User Interaction

 Elements for collecting user input:


 <form>: Container for form controls.
 <input>: Various types (e.g., text, password, checkbox, radio, file).
 <textarea>: Multi-line text input.
 <button>: Clickable button.
 <label>: Labels for input fields.

9. Scripting
 <script>
 Embeds or links JavaScript to make the page dynamic.
 Inline:
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<script> console.log("Hello, World!"); </script>

 External:
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<script src="script.js"></script>

10. Styling

 Inline Styles: Using style attribute in elements.


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<p style="color: red;">Red Text</p>
 Internal CSS: Within <style> in the <head>.
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<style> p { color: blue; } </style>
 External CSS: Linked using <link>.
11. Accessibility Features

 Designed for inclusive user experiences:


 alt: Describes images for screen readers.
 ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes:
 Examples: aria-label, aria-hidden, role.

12. Comments

 Notes for developers, ignored by browsers.


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<!-- This is a comment -->

13. Document Object Model (DOM)

 The structure and hierarchy created by HTML elements.


 Can be manipulated using JavaScript.

14. Responsive Design Features

 Meta tags and CSS frameworks like Bootstrap enable responsiveness.


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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

By combining these features effectively, developers can create well-structured,


interactive, and accessible web pages.

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