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ATOMIC ENERGY HR. SEC. SCHOOL, KALPAKKAM

IMPORTANT NUMERICAL PROBLEMS

CLASS-XII: PHYSICS (VOLUME-II)
CHAPTER-6: RAY OPTICS
1. An object is placed at a distance of 20.0 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 15.0 cm.
(a) What distance from the mirror a screen should be placed to get a sharp image? (b) What is the
nature of the image? (Solved Ex)
2. Pure water has refractive index 1.33. What is the speed of light through it? (Solved Ex)
3. Light travels from air into a glass slab of thickness 50 cm and refractive index 1.5. (a) What is the
speed of light in the glass slab? (b) What is the time taken by the light to travel through the glass
slab? (c) What is the optical path of the glass slab? (Solved Ex)
4. Light travelling through transparent oil enters in to glass of refractive index 1.5. If the refractive
index of glass with respect to the oil is 1.25, what is the refractive index of the oil? (Solved Ex)
5. The thickness of a glass slab is 0.25 m. It has a refractive index of 1.5. A ray of light is incident on
the surface of the slab at an angle of 60° . Find the lateral displacement of the light when it
emerges from the other side of the glass slab. (Solved Ex)
6. A biconvex lens has radii of curvature 20 cm and 15 cm for the two curved surfaces. The
refractive index of the material of the lens is 1.5. What is its focal length? (Solved Ex)
7. If the focal length is 150 cm for a lens, what is the power of the lens? (Solved Ex)
8. What is the focal length of the combination if the lenses of focal lengths –70 cm and 150 cm are
in contact? What is the power of the combination? (Solved Ex)
9. The angle of minimum deviation for an equilateral prism is 37o . Find the refractive index of the
material of the prism. (Solved Ex)
10. Find the dispersive power of a prism if the refractive indices of flint glass for red, green and
violet colours are 1.613, 1.620 and 1.632 respectively. (Solved Ex)
11. An object of 4 cm height is placed at 6 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 24
cm. Find the position, height, magnification and nature of the image. (Exercise Prob)
12. An object is placed in front of a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm. The image formed is three
times the size of the object. Calculate two possible distances of the object from the mirror.
(Exercise Prob)
13. An object is placed at a certain distance from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. Find the object
distance if the image obtained is magnified 4 times. (Exercise Prob)
14. A thin converging lens of refractive index 1.5 has a power of + 5.0 D. When this lens is immersed
in a liquid of refractive index n, it acts as a divergent lens of focal length 100 cm. What must be
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the value of n? (Exercise Prob)

15. Find the ratio of the intensities of lights with wavelengths 500 nm and 300 nm which undergo
Rayleigh scattering. (Exercise Prob)

CHAPTER-7 : WAVE OPTICS

16. The wavelength of light from sodium source in vacuum is 5893Å.What are its (a) wavelength,
(b) speed and (c) frequency when this light travels in water which has a refractive index of 1.33.
(Solved Ex)
17. Two light sources with amplitudes 5 units and 3 units respectively interfere with each other.
Calculate the ratio of maximum and minimum intensities. (Solved Ex)
18. Two light sources have intensity of light as I0 . What is the resultant intensity at a point where the
two light waves have a phase difference of π/3? (Solved Ex)
19. Two light sources of equal amplitudes interfere with each other. Calculate the ratio of maximum
and minimum intensities. (Solved Ex)
20. The wavelength of a light is 450 nm. How much phase it will differ for a path of 3 mm? (Solved Ex)
21. In Young’s double slit experiment, the two slits are 0.15 mm apart. The light source has a
wavelength of 450 nm. The screen is 2 m away from the slits. (a) Find the distance of the second
bright fringe and also third dark fringe from the central maximum. (b) Find the fringe width.
(Solved Ex)
22. Light of wavelength 500 nm passes through a slit of 0.2 mm wide. The diffraction pattern is
formed on a screen 60 cm away. Determine the, (a) angular spread of central maximum (b)the
distance between the central maximum and the second minimum. (Solved Ex)
23. A diffraction grating consists of 4000 slits per centimetre. It is illuminated by a monochromatic
light. The second order diffraction maximum is produced at an angle of 30°. What is the
wavelength of the light used? (Solved Ex)
24. A monochromatic light of wavelength of 500 nm strikes a grating and produces fourth order
maximum at an angle of 30°. Find the number of slits per centimetre. (Solved Ex)
25. The optical telescope in the Vainu Bappu observatory at Kavalur has an objective lens of
diameter 2.3 m. What is its angular resolution if the wavelength of light used is 589 nm?
(Solved Ex)
26. Two polaroids are kept with their transmission axes inclined at 30° . Unpolarised light of
intensity I falls on the first polaroid. Find out the intensity of light emerging from the second
polaroid. (Solved Ex)
27. Find the polarizing angles for (i) glass of refractive index 1.5 and (ii) water of refractive index
1.33. (Solved Ex)
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28. A microscope has an objective and eyepiece of focal lengths 5 cm and 50 cm respectively with
tube length 30 cm. Find the magnification of the microscope in the (a) near point and (b) normal
focusing. (Solved Ex)
29. Calculate the power of the lens of the spectacles needed to rectify the defect of near sightedness
for a person who could see clearly up to a distance of 1.8 m. (Solved Ex)
30. A person has farsightedness with the far distance he could see clearly is 75 cm. Calculate the
power of the lens of the spectacles needed to rectify the defect. (Solved Ex)
31. The ratio of maximum and minimum intensities in an interference pattern is 36 : 1. What is the
ratio of the amplitudes of the two interfering waves? (Exercise Prob)
32. In Young’s double slit experiment, 62 fringes are seen on a screen for sodium light of wavelength
5893 Å. If violet light of wavelength 4359 Å is used in place of sodium light, how many fringes
will be seen? (Exercise Prob)
33. Light of wavelength 600 nm that falls on a pair of slits producing interference pattern on a screen
in which the bright fringes are separated by 7.2 mm. What must be the wavelength of another
light which produces bright fringes separated by 8.1 mm with the same apparatus?
(Exercise Prob)
34. A beam of light of wavelength 600 nm from a distant source falls on a single slit 1 mm wide and
the resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 2 m away. What is the distance between
the first dark fringes on either side of the central bright fringe? (Exercise Prob)
35. Light of wavelength of 5000 Å produces diffraction pattern of the single slit of width 2.5 μm.
What is the maximum order of diffraction possible? (Exercise Prob)

CHAPTER-8: DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

36. A radiation of wavelength 300 nm is incident on a silver surface. Will photoelectrons be
observed? [work function of silver = 4.7 eV] (Solved Ex)
37. When light of wavelength 2200Å falls on Cu, photo electrons are emitted from it. Find (i) the
threshold wavelength and (ii) the stopping potential. Given: the work function for Cu is
𝜙𝑜 = 4.65 eV. (Solved Ex)
38. Calculate the momentum and the de Broglie wavelength in the following cases: (i) a bullet of
50 g fired from rifle with a speed of 200 ms−1 (ii) a 4000 kg car moving along the highways at
50 ms−1 . (Solved Ex)
39. A proton and an electron have same de Broglie wavelength. Which of them moves faster and
which possesses more kinetic energy? (Solved Ex)
40. Calculate the cut-off wavelength and cutoff frequency of x-rays from an x –ray tube of
accelerating potential 20,000 V. (Solved Ex)
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41. How many photons per second emanate from a 50 mW laser of 640 nm? (Exercise Prob)
42. How many photons of frequency 1014 Hz will make up 19.86 J of energy? (Exercise Prob)
43. What should be the velocity of the electron so that its momentum equals that of 4000 Å
wavelength photon. (Exercise Prob)
44. When a 6000Å light falls on the cathode of a photo cell, photoemission takes place. If a potential
of 0.8 V is required to stop emission of electron, then determine the (i) frequency of the light
(ii) energy of the incident photon (iii) work function of the cathode material. (Exercise Prob)
45. A deuteron and an alpha particle are accelerated with the same potential. Which one of the two
has (i) greater value of de Broglie wavelength associated with it and (ii) less kinetic energy?
Explain. (Exercise Prob)

CHAPTER-10: ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

46. The radius of the 5𝑡ℎ orbit of hydrogen atom is 13.25 Å. Calculate the de broglie wavelength of
the electron orbiting in the 5𝑡ℎ orbit. (Solved Ex)
47. Find the (i) angular momentum (ii) velocity of the electron revolving in the 5th orbit of hydrogen
atom. (h = 6.6 × 10−34 Js, m = 9.1 ×10−31 kg) (Solved Ex)
48. Compute the binding energy of 24He nucleus using the following data: Atomic mass of Helium
atom, MA (He) = 4.00260 and that of hydrogen atom, mH = 1u. (Solved Ex)
49. Compute the binding energy per nucleon of 24He nucleus. (Solved Ex)
50. Calculate the number of nuclei of carbon-14 undecayed after 22,920 years if the initial number of
carbon-14 atoms is 10,000. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. (Solved Ex)
51. Calculate the amount of energy released when 1 kg of 235
92U undergoes fission reaction. (Solved Ex)
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52. Calculate the mass defect and the binding energy per nucleon of the 47Ag nucleus. [atomic mass
of Ag = 107.905949] (Exercise Prob)
53. Half lives of two radioactive elements A and B are 20 minutes and 40 minutes respectively.
Initially, the samples have equal number of nuclei. Calculate the ratio of decayed numbers of A
and B nuclei after 80 minutes. (Exercise Prob)
54. Calculate the time required for 60% of a sample of radon undergo decay. Given 𝑇1⁄ of radon
2

=3.8 days (Exercise Prob)

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55. Assuming that energy released by the fission of a single 92U nucleus is 200MeV, calculate the
number of fissions per second required to produce 1 watt power. (Exercise Prob)
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56. Show that the mass of radium 88Ra with an activity of 1 curie is almost a gram. Given 𝑇1⁄
2

=1600 years. (Exercise Prob)

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CHAPTER-10: ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

57. A silicon diode is connected with 1kΩ resistor as shown. Find the value of current flowing
through AB. (Solved Ex)

58. An ideal diode and a 5 Ω resistor are connected in series with a 15 V power supply as shown in
figure below. Calculate the current that flows through the diode. (Solved Ex)

59. Find the current through the Zener diode when the load resistance is 2 kΩ. Use diode
approximation. (Solved Ex)

60. Determine the wavelength of light emitted from LED which is made up of GaAsP semiconductor
whose forbidden energy gap is 1.875 eV. Mention the colour of the light emitted.
(Take h = 6.6 × 10−34 Js). (Solved Ex)
61. In a transistor connected in the common base configuration, α= 0.95 , IE =1 mA . Calculate the
values of IC and IB . (Solved Ex)
62. What is the output Y in the following circuit, when all the three inputs A, B, and C are first 0 and
then 1? (Solved Ex)
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63. In the circuit shown in the figure, the input voltage Vi is 20 V, VBE = 0 V and VCE = 0 V. What are
the values of IB , IC , β? (Solved Ex)

64. In the combination of the following gates, write the Boolean equation for output Y in terms of
inputs A and B. (Solved Ex)

65. Prove the Boolean identity AC + ABC = AC and give its circuit description. (Solved Ex)
66. The given circuit has two ideal diodes connected as shown in figure below. Calculate the current
flowing through the resistance R1 . (Exercise Prob)

67. Four silicon diodes and a 10 Ω resistor are connected as shown in figure below. Each diode has a
resistance of 1 Ω. Find the current flows through the 10 Ω resistor. (Exercise Prob)
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68. Assuming (VCE ) Sat = 0.2V and β = 50, find the minimum base current (IB) required to drive the
transistor given in the figure to saturation. (Exercise Prob)

69. Determine the current flowing through 3 Ω and 4 Ω resistors of the circuit given below. Assume
that diodes D1 and D2 are ideal diodes. (Exercise Prob)

70. Prove the following Boolean expressions using the laws and theorems of Boolean algebra.
̅) = A
(i) (A+B) (A+B ̅+B) = AB
(ii) A(A (iii) (A+B) (A+C) = A+BC (Exercise Prob)
̅B = A + B using truth table. (Exercise Prob)
71. Verify the given Boolean equation A + A
72. Write down Boolean equation for the output Y of the given circuit and give its truth table.
(Exercise Prob)

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