MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

INSTAMECH

Submitted by,

ANANDHU SHIBU
(REG NO:210021093958)
ARCHANA MOHAN
(REG NO:210021093963)
SIDHARTH V
(REG NO:210021093988)
JIJO NINAN
(REG NO: 210021093974)

Under the Guidance of

Ms. JYOTHY RAJ V

Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of

Bachelor of Computer Applications of Mahatma Gandhi University.

Department of Computer Applications

SREE SABAREESA COLLEGE, MURIKKUMVAYAL

2021-2024
 SREE SABAREESA COLLEGE, MURIKKUMVAYAL
(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam)

KARINILAM P.O, MURIKKUMVAYAL, KOTTAYAM(DT),686513

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project “INSTAMECH” is a bonafide record of the project done by
ANANDHU SHIBU, ARCHANA MOHAN, SIDHARTH V, JIJO NINAN in partial fulfilment for the
award of Bachelor of Computer Applications from Mahatma Gandhi University for the year 2023-2024.

Project Guide Head of the Department

Ms. JYOTHY RAJ V Mr. AKHILJITH B

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

Department of Computer Applications Department of Computer Applications

Viva Voce held on: ……………. /………………../………………..

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 DECLARATION

We ANANDHU SHIBU, ARCHANA MOHAN, SIDHARTH V, JIJO NINAN here by

declare that the project work entitled “INSTAMECH” an authenticated work carried out under the guidance
of Ms. JYOTHY RAJ V for the partial fulfilment of the award of Bachelor of Computer Applications and
this work has been submitted for similar purpose anywhere else expect to SREE SABAREESA COLLEGE,
MURIKKUMVAYAL affiliated to MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY, Kottayam.

ANANDHU SHIBU

ARCHANA MOHAN

SIDHARTH V

JIJO NINAN

PLACE: MURIKKUMVAYAL

DATE:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is the product of the collective guidance from the experienced hand; it is our great pleasure to express our
gratitude to the people who have contributed to our work through their encouragement, guidance and advice.
It gives us immense pleasure to acknowledge all those who have helped us in this endeavour.

First and fore most we thank the ALMIGHTY GOD who has showered his blessings and grace on us to
complete this project successfully.

We would like to thank Ms. ALPHONSE P S Project guide in FAITH INFOSYS for giving me the
opportunity to do an internship within the organization.

We express our sincere gratitude to our respected Principal i/c Mr. HARISHKUMAR V G, for this
encouragement for all academic facilities extended to us.

We express our sincere obligations to Mr. AKHILJITH B, Head of the Dept. of Computer Applications,
SREE SABAREESA COLLEGE for granting permission and providing necessary facilities for the
presentation of the project” INSTAMECH”.

We express deep sense of thankfulness to our guide Ms. JYOTHY RAJ V, Assistant professor, Dept. of
Computer Applications, SREE SABAREESA COLLEGE, for extending all the possible helps for the project.
We are thankful to all our teaching and non-teaching staffs for their valuable support extended during the
preparation of the project.

We thank our parents, all our friends and all others who helped and encouraged us for the successful execution
of the project.
 ABSTRACT
This project is developed as a user-friendly responsive web application to get mechanic service
easily. This system mainly focuses on people who immediately need a mechanic, crane service or carriage
service. This system consists of list of mechanics, which are available in a particular locality. The registration
of all users is verified and approved by system administrator for security reasons. At the time of verification,
admin can reject any user who submits invalid information -After registration, all verified users will get a
secret username.

There is no existing system which provides a mechanic/crane /carriage service instantly.

When once on a long journey, and if a breakdown or any other problems occurs, the only way to get help
is by calling the nearest mechanic. However, this is not always possible if the place, one is travelling is not
familiar with that local area. If we are in a hurry, then the only way to reach there is by hiring a taxi.
InstaMech is a system that helps the user when they face any problems to their vehicle during travelling.
This system includes five modules. We can find the contact details of the nearest service centres, mechanics,
crane providers and carriage vehicle providers. The main advantage of this system is, it helps instantly,
doesn’t matter whether it is day or night. We need not to wander here and there in search of mechanics,
crane, etc.

This system has five modules namely Admin, Mechanic, Crane, Carriage and user, Admin
controls the overall functions in the website. Mechanic can send registration requests by filling the online
registration form which is available in the site. Crane service providers can also register as mechanics do.
Carriage vehicle means, the vehicles that carry another vehicle. Registered user can login to the website and
collect the details of mechanics in that locality when they instantly need one. This web application will be
developed using latest industrial standard technologies like HTML5, CSS3, jQuery, Bootstrap and PHP,
database using MySQL.
 Table of Contents

TITLE PAGE

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 PHP .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1.1 PHP 3AND 4......................................................................................................... 3
1.1.2 PHP 5 AND PHP 6: UNICODE CHALLENGES ................................................ 3
1.1.3 PHP 7 ..................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.4 PHP 8 ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.5 DATA TYPES ....................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 FUNCTIONS......................................................................................................... 5
1.2 MICROSOFT SQL SERVER ..................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 SQL DATABASE TABLES ............................................................................... 6
1.2.2 SQL DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE (DML) ....................................... 6
1.2.3 SQL DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL)................................................ 6
1.3 INTRODUCTION TO HTML .................................................................................... 7
1.3.1 ADVANTAGES OF HTML ................................................................................ 7
1.4 CSS .............................................................................................................................. 8
1.4.1 ADVANTAGES OF CSS .................................................................................. 9
1.4.2 CREATES AND MAINTAINS CSS .................................................................. 9
1.4.3 CSS VERSIONS ................................................................................................ 9
1.5 JAVASCRIPT .......................................................................................................... 10
1.5.1 WHY TO USE JAVASCRIPT .......................................................................... 10
1.5.2 JAVASCRIPT PROPERTIES ............................................................................ 10
1.6 WAMP....................................................................................................................... 10
2. SYSTEM STUDY ................................................................................................................................. 11
2.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY ............................................................................................ 12
2.1.1 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ............................................................................ 13
2.1.2 BEHAVIOURAL FEASIBILITY ..................................................................... 13
2.1.3 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY ........................................................................... 13
2.1.4 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY ...................................................................... 13
2.1.5 LEGAL FEASIBILITY ...................................................................................... 14
2.2 EXISTING SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 14
2.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 14
2.4 TECHNIQUES FOR SYSTEM STUDY .................................................................. 14
3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 16
3.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION ............................................................................. 17
 3.2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ................................................................................. 17
3.2.1 H/W SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.................................................................. 17
3.2.2 S/W SYSTEM CONFIGURATION .................................................................. 18
4. SYSTEM DESIGN................................................................................................................................ 19
4.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 20
4.2 MODULES ................................................................................................................ 20
4.2.1 ADMIN MODULE ............................................................................................ 20
4.2.2 MECHANIC MODULE..................................................................................... 20
4.2.3 CRANE MODULE ........................................................................................... 21
4.2.4 CARRIAGE MODULE .................................................................................... 21
4.2.5 USER MODULE ............................................................................................... 21
4.3 INPUT DESIGN........................................................................................................ 21
4.4 OUTPUT DESIGN.................................................................................................... 21
4.5 DATABASE DESIGN .............................................................................................. 22
4.6 PROCESS DESIGN ................................................................................................. 22
4.7 TABLE DESIGN ...................................................................................................... 23
4.8 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM ....................................................................................... 28
4.9 E-R DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................ 33
5. SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................... 35
5.1 TESTING .................................................................................................................. 36
5.1.1 TESTING STRATEGIES .................................................................................. 36
5.1.1.1 BLACK BOX .......................................................................................... 36
5.1.1.2 WHITE BOX ........................................................................................... 37
5.2 TYPES OF TESTING ............................................................................................... 37
5.3 UNIT TESTING ........................................................................................................ 37
5.4 INTEGRATION TESTING ...................................................................................... 37
5.5 VALIDATION TESTING ........................................................................................ 37
5.6 OUTPUT TESTING.................................................................................................. 38
5.7 USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING ............................................................................ 38
5.8 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION .............................................................................. 38
5.8.1 IMPLEMENYTATION CONCEPTS ............................................................... 38
6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENCHANCEMENT ....................................................................... 40
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................... 42
8. APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................................... 44
8.1 SCREENSHOTS ....................................................................................................... 45
8.2 SOURCE CODE ....................................................................................................... 53
INSTAMECH

1.INTRODUCTION

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In the realm of web development, a powerful trio of tools plays a pivotal role in creating dynamic and interactive
websites: PHP, MySQL, and Apache server with Wamp. PHP, a server-side scripting language, enables the
creation of dynamic web pages by embedding code within HTML. MySQL serves as a robust relational database
management system, seamlessly handling data storage and retrieval. The Apache server, coupled with Wamp
(Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP), forms a comprehensive web development environment, offering a local server
setup for testing and debugging applications before deployment. Together, these tools empower developers to
build dynamic and data-driven websites, facilitating efficient communication between the web server and the
database. The seamless integration of PHP for server-side scripting, MySQL for database management, and the
Apache server with Wamp as a development environment creates a cohesive ecosystem that underpins the
foundation of many web applications and websites.

1.1 PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but also used as a general-purpose
programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now
produced by The PHP Development Team. PHP originally stood for personal home page but it now stands for the
recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor. PHP code may be embedded into HTML or HTML5 code, or
it can be used in combination with various web template systems, web content management systems and web
frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or
as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and
executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code
may also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalone graphical
applications. The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP
License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on almost every operating system
and platform, free of charge. The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until
2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014 work has gone on to create a formal
PHP specification. PHP development began in 1995 when Rasmus Lerdorf wrote several Common Gateway
Interface (CGI) programs in C, which he used to maintain his personal homepage. He extended them to work with
web forms and to communicate with databases, and called this implementation "Personal Home Page/Forms
Interpreter" or PHP/FI. PHP/FI could help to build simple, dynamic web applications. To accelerate bug reporting
and to improve the code, Leadoff initially announced the release of PHP/FI as "Personal Home Page Tools (PHP
Tools) version 1.0"onthe Usenet discussion group www.authoring.cg comp.info systems. i on June 8, 1995. This
release already had the basic functionality that PHP has as of 2013. This included Perl-like variables, form
handling, and the ability to embed HTML. The syntax resembled that of Perl but was simpler, more limited and
less consistent.

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1.1.1 PHP 3 and 4

Zeev Saraki and Andi Gutman's rewrote the parser in 1997 and formed the base of PHP 3, changing the language's
name to the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor. Afterwards, public testing of PHP 3 began, and the
official launch came in June 1998. Saraki and Gutman's then started a new rewrite of PHP's core, producing the
Zend Engine in 1999. They also founded Zend Technologies in Ramat Gan, Israel. On May 22, 2000, PHP 4,
powered by the Zend Engine 1.0, was released. As of August 2008, this branch reached version 4.4.9. PHP 4 is
no longer under development nor will any security updates be released.

1.1.2 PHP 5 and PHP 6: Unicode Challenges

On July 13, 2004, PHP 5 was unveiled, marked by the introduction of the Zend Engine II and significant strides
in object-oriented programming. This release featured enhanced support for object-oriented programming, the
PHP Data Objects (PDO) extension for consistent database access, and various performance improvements. By
2008, PHP 5 became the exclusive stable version in development, catalyzed by initiatives like GoPHP5 that urged
the transition from PHP 4. Late static binding, a critical addition, was incorporated in PHP 5.3. Simultaneously,
open-source projects phased out PHP 4 support. Throughout this period, PHP interpreters proliferated across
operating systems, with Windows binaries gradually adopting 64-bit builds from PHP 5.5.

Despite these advancements, PHP faced criticism for lacking native Unicode support. In 2005, an ambitious
project under Andrei Milevsky aimed to address this by embedding the International Components for Unicode
(ICU) library into PHP 6, adopting UTF-16 for text string representation. However, development hurdles,
including a scarcity of developers with the required expertise and performance issues with UTF-16 conversion,
led to delays. Consequently, a PHP 5.3 release in 2009 absorbed non-Unicode features from PHP 6, like
namespaces. The official abandonment of the PHP 6 project in March 2010 left hopes for a Unicode integration,
plan unfulfilled and subsequent releases, including PHP 5.4, incorporated features originally intended for PHP 6,
such as traits and closure re-binding.

1.1.3 Php 7

During 2014 and 2015, a new major PHP version was developed, which was numbered PHP 7. The numbering of
this version involved some debate. While the PHP 6 Unicode experiment had never been released, several articles
and book titles referenced the PHP 6 name, which might have caused confusion if a new release were to reuse the
name. After a vote, the name PHP 7 was chosen. The foundation of PHP 7 is a PHP branch that was originally
dubbed PHP next generation (php ng). It was authored by Dmitry Stooge, Xicheng Hui and Nikita Popov, and
aimed to optimize PHP performance by refactoring the Zend Engine to use more compact data structures with
improved cache locality while retaining near-complete language compatibility. As of 14 July 2014, WordPress-
based benchmarks, which served as the main benchmark suite for the php ng project, showed an almost 100%
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increase in performance. Changes from php ng are also expected to make it easier to improve performance in the
future, as more compact data structures and other changes are seen as better suited for a successful migration to a
just-in-time (JIT) compiler. Because of the significant changes, the reworked Zend Engine is called Zend Engine
3, succeeding Zend Engine 2 used in PHP 5. Because of major internal changes in php ng, it must receive a new
major version number of PHP, rather than a minor PHP 5 release, according to PHP's release process. Major
versions of PHP are allowed to break backward-compatibility of code and therefore PHP 7 presented an
opportunity for other improvements beyond php ng that require backward-compatibility breaks, including wider
use of exceptions, reworking variable syntax to be more consistent and complete, and the deprecation or removal
of various legacy features. PHP 7 also introduced new language features, including return type declarations for
functions, which complement the existing parameter type declarations, and support for the scalar types (integer,
float, string, and Boolean) in parameter and return type declarations.

1.1.4 Php 8

PHP 8.0, released in November 2020, marked a significant milestone for the language with notable improvements
in performance and developer experience. One of the key features introduced is the Just-In-Time (JIT) Compiler
named OpCache, significantly enhancing script execution speed. Union types were also introduced, allowing
developers to specify multiple accepted types for function parameters, thereby contributing to improved static
analysis and type safety. Named arguments offer increased code readability and flexibility in function calls, while
attributes provide a standardized way to add metadata to classes, methods, and properties. The match expression
simplifies value comparisons, and the nullsafe operator enables chaining method or property calls even when
intermediate values are null. Constructor property promotion streamlines class definitions by allowing the
declaration and initialization of constructor parameters in a single statement. While PHP 8.0 represented a
substantial leap forward, developers are advised to check the official PHP documentation for the latest updates,
as subsequent versions may have introduced additional features and improvements to the language

1.1.5 Data Types

PHP stores integers in a platform-dependent range, either a 64-bit or 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the C-
language long type. Unsigned integers are converted to signed values in certain situations; this behavior is different
from that of other programming languages. Integer variables can be assigned using decimal (positive and
negative), octal, hexadecimal, and binary notations. Floating numbers are also stored in a platform-specific range.
They can be specified using floating point notation, or two forms of scientific notation. PHP has a native Boolean
type that is similar to the native Boolean types in Java and C++. Using the Boolean type conversion rules, non-
zero values are interpreted as true and zero as false, as in Perl and C++.The null data type represents a variable
that has no value; NULL is the only allowed value for this data type. Variables of the "resource" type represent
references to resources from external sources. These are typically created by functions from a particular extension,

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and can only be processed by functions from the same extension; examples include file, image, and database
resources. Arrays can contain elements of any type that PHP can handle, including resources, objects, and other
arrays. Order is preserved in lists of values and in hashes with both keys and values, and the two can be
intermingled. PHP also supports strings, which can be used with single quotes, double quotes, new doc or heredoc
syntax. The Standard PHP Library (SPL) attempts to solve standard problems and implements efficient data access
interfaces and classes.

1.1.6 Functions

PHP defines a large array of functions in the core language, and many are also available in various extensions;
these functions are well-documented in the online PHP documentation. However, the built-in library has a wide
variety of naming conventions and associated inconsistencies, as described under history above. In lieu of function
pointers, functions in PHP can be referenced by a string containing their name. In this manner, normal PHP
functions can be used, for example, as callbacks or within function tables. User-defined functions may be created
at any time without being prototyped. Functions may be defined inside code blocks, permitting a run-time decision
as to whether or not a function should be defined. There is a function_exists function that determines whether a
function with a given name has already been defined.

Function calls must use parentheses, with the exception of zero-argument class constructor functions called with
the PHP operator new, in which case parentheses are optional. Until PHP 5.3, support for anonymous functions
and closures did not exist in PHP. While create_function() exists since PHP 4.0.1, it is merely a thin wrapper
around eval() that allows normal PHP functions to be created during program execution. PHP 5.3 added syntax to
define an anonymous function or "closure" which can capture variables from the surrounding scope. In the
example above, the getAdder() function creates a closure using the passed argument $x (the keyword use imports
a variable from the lexical context), which takes an additional argument $y and returns the created closure to the
caller. Such a function is a first-class object, meaning that it can be stored in a variable, passed as a parameter to
other functions, etc.

Unusually for a dynamically typed language, PHP supports type declarations on function parameters, which are
enforced at runtime. This has been supported for classes and interfaces since PHP 5.0, for arrays since PHP 5.1,
for "callable" since PHP 5.4, and scalar (integer, float, string, and Boolean) types since PHP 7.0. PHP 7.0 also has
type declarations for function return types, expressed by placing the type name after the list of parameters,
preceded by a colon. In PHP 8, additional features and improvements have been introduced, such as the JIT (Just-
In-Time) compiler for performance enhancements, attributes for adding metadata to code elements, and union
types, allowing a variable to accept values of multiple types. Keep in mind that the PHP language continues to
evolve, and it's advisable to refer to the latest documentation for the most recent updates.

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1.2 Microsoft SQL Server

The SQL language may be considered as one of the major reasons for the commercial success of relational
database. Because it became a standard for relational database. Users were less concerned about migrating their
database application from other types of data base systems. SQL is a comprehensive database language. It has
statement for data definitions, queries, and update. Hence it is both DDL and DML. In addition, it has facilities
for defining views on the database for security and authorization, for defining integrity constraints, and for
specifying transaction controls. SQL is an ANSI standard computer language for accessing and manipulating
database system. SQL statements are used to retrieve and update data in a database. SQL works with database
programs like MS ACCESS, DB2, Informix, MS SQL server, Oracle etc.

1.2.1 SQL Database Tables

Tables are in basic building block in any relational database management system. They contain the rows and
columns of your data. You can create modify and delete table using the data definition language commands (DDL).
The table consist of a row of columns heading together with zero or more rows of data values. A database most
often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name. Tables contain rows with data.

1.2.2 SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML)

SQL is syntax for executing queries. But the SQL language also includes syntax to update, insert

and delete records. These queries and update commands together form the Data Manipulation

Language part of SQL:

1. SELECT-extract data from a database table.

2. UPDATE -Update data in a database table.

3. DELETE-delete data from a database table.

4. INSERT INTO-insert row data into a database table.

1.2.3 SQL Data Definition Language (DDL)

The Data Definition Language part of SQL permits database tables to be created or deleted. We can also define
indexes, specify links between tables, and impose constraints between database tables.

The most important DDL statements in SQL are:

1. CREATE TABLE - create a new database table.

2. ALTER TABLE - alter a database table.

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3. DROP TABLE - delete a database table.

4. CREATE INDEX - create an index.

5. DROP INDEX - drop an index.

1.3 Introduction to HTML

In the fast-changing era of the IT world, it is very important how the web application (desktop or mobile) of any
company looks like. Since the high demand for innovations and creativity in websites, much more than just text
and information, numerous languages have come up in the market providing different features to the frontend
developers for developing an application. HTML stands for Hyper Text Programming Language which was
created by Berners-Lee. HTML first standard specification was published in 1995. It is one of the globally
accepted programming languages for the development of interactive websites and webpages. Nowadays, HTML
is used with other languages like JavaScript, CSS which gives more look and feel to a website by providing
different font colour, font size, and alignment to the whole content.

HTML is a markup language so it uses simple tags to markup and format the content. These tags are enclosed in
angular brackets like <html. Almost all the tags have their closing tags also. The <html> tag informs the browser
that a HTML document has been started similarly </html> tells the end of HTML document. All the things or
code written inside these two tags are represented sent to the browser. The browsers then display the content
wrapped inside the body tag.HTML defines the format of how the web elements should be displayed. To see your
content, you need to save your file with. html or.htm extension and then simply run it by choosing the option to
open with any browser. HTML is one of the best options to develop the webpage or website for the small or
growing business that does not want to invest more in purchasing software or its license and does not require any
advanced programming for their websites.

1.3.1 Advantages of HTML

HTML is very easy to learn and understand. For the one who is learning web development, HTML is the first and
foremost language that the person will go through. It has simple tags and there is no hectic of case sensitivity in
HTML. It simply has some tags that serve a specific purpose and that's it. One can easily understand other's code
and can make changes in it if required as there is not a lot more to understand in it. Moreover, it does not throw
any error or create any problem like other programming languages if the developer forgets to close the tags or
make some mistakes in code. One of the biggest advantages of HTML is that it is free of cost and there is no need
to purchase specific software. One should not have to deal with different plugins required to work on any software
as HTML does not require any plugins. So, it is very cost effective as per business perspective as there is no cost
of purchasing the license if the whole website is developed in HTML language.

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Almost all the browsers around the globe are supported by HTML. So, there is no need to worry about the website
written in HTML for the browser support as the website would easily show up in all the browsers if the program
keeps in mind to optimize the website for the different browsers. HTML provides an easy way to optimize the
website in HTML according to browsers to the web developers. HTML is one of the friendliest search engines in
comparison to all the programming languages available in the market (Search Engine friendly means delivering
users quality websites with relevant information when searched for a particular one). It is quite easier to create
SEO compliant websites using HTML than other programming languages. HTML websites are easier to read and
accessed by web crawlers and hence reduces parsing time and the page load time of the website hence improving
its performance.

HTML is very easy to edit as there is no need to have a special interface or platform to edit it. It is written in
simple Notepad and hence can be simply edited in any text editor like Notepad, Notepad++, etc. HTML can be
easily integrated with multiple languages and does not create any issues in it. For example, in JavaScript, Php,
node.js, CSS and many more, we write the code of these languages between the HTML and it mixes with them
very easily.
HTML is lightweight language. It has a high signal to noise ratio as compared to other forms of communication.
It is also faster to download HTML code, which means it is highly compressive also saved and reload. HTML is
a user-friendly programming language. One does not need to have any prior knowledge of any language.
Understanding of simple English is sufficient to work with it. HTML is used in frontend development for over so
many years before we have no other languages available in the market for web development. Although HTML
provides all the tags to the user to add everything in the webpage like a table, images, hyperlink, etc. there were
some drawbacks which were covered in the latest version of HTML, i.e., HTML5 which allows the user to insert
a graphic, multimedia, semantic elements to develop powerful websites and improving UX consistently.

1.4 CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)

Stands for "Cascading Style Sheet." Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of Web pages. They can
be used to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages that previously could only be defined in
a page's HTML.CSS helps Web developers create a uniform look across several pages of a Web site. Instead of
defining the style of each table and each block of text within a page's HTML, commonly used styles need to be
defined only once in a CSS document. Once the style is defined in cascading style sheet, it can be used by any
page that references the CSS file. Plus, CSS makes it easy to change styles across several pages at once. For
example, a Web developer may want to increase the default text size from 10pt to 12pt for fifty pages of a Web
site. If the pages all reference the same style sheet, the text size only needs to be changed on the style sheet and
all the pages will show the larger text. While CSS is great for creating text styles, it is helpful for formatting other
aspects of Web page layout as well. For example, CSS can be used to define the cell padding of table cells, the

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style,thickness, and colour of a table's border, and the padding around images or other objects. CSS gives Web
developers more exact control over how Web pages will look than HTML does. This is why most Web pages
today incorporate cascading style sheets.

1.4.1 Advantages of CSS

• CSS saves time - You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in multiple HTML pages. You can
define a style for each HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages as you want.
• Pages load faster - If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag attributes every time. Just
write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the occurrences of that tag.
So, less code means faster download times.
• Easy maintenance - To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements in all the web
pages will be updated automatically.
• Superior styles to HTML - CSS have a much wider array of attributes than HTML, so you can give a far
better look to your HTML page in comparison to HTML attributes.
• Multiple Device Compatibility-Style sheets allow content to be optimized for more than one type of device.
By using the same HTML document, different versions of a website can be presented for handheld devices
such as PDAs and cell phones or for printing.

1.4.2 Creates and Maintains CSS

CSS is created and maintained through a group of people within the W3C called the CSS Working Group. The
CSS Working Group creates documents called specifications. When a specification has been discussed and
officially ratified by the W3C members, it becomes a recommendation. These ratified specifications are called
recommendations because the W3C has no control over the actual implementation of the language. Independent
companies and organizations create that software.

1.4.3 CSS Versions

Cascading Style Sheets level 1 (CSS1) came out of W3C as a recommendation in December 1996. This version
describes the CSS language as well as a simple visual formatting model for all the HTML tags.CSS2 became a
W3C recommendation in May 1998 and builds on CSS1. This version adds support for media-specific style sheets
e.g., printers and aural devices, downloadable fonts, element positioning and tables.

1.5 JAVASCRIPT

JAVASCRIPT is most famous scripting language of all time. The main usage of JavaScript is to add various Web
Functions, Validations, Detections, a creation of cookies and so on. JavaScript is the best scripting language and
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that is why it is supported by all browsers. It is considered as the most powerful scripting language in present time.
It is used for the client-side web development. It interactive. It is a light weight programming language and is
embedded directly in makes the page to the mark up syntax. JavaScript as the name defines was affected by many
languages, especially Java.

1.5.1 WHY TO USE JAVASCRIPT:

JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn:

• HTML to define the content of web pages

• CSS to specify the layout of web pages
• JavaScript to specify the behaviour of web pages

1.5.2 JAVASCRIPT PROPERTIES:

• Properties are the values associated with a JavaScript object

• JavaScript object is a collection of unordered properties
• Properties can usually be changed, added and deleted but some are read only

1.6 WAMP

Wamp server refers to a solution stack for the Microsoft Windows operating system, created by Romain Bourdon
and consisting of the Apache Web server, Open SSL for SSL support, MYSQL database and PHP programming
language. Wamp server is a Web development platform on Windows that allows you to create dynamic Web
applications with Apache2, PHP, MYSQL and Maria DB. Wamp server automatically installs everything you
need to intuitively develop Web applications. You will be able to tune your server without even touching its setting
files. Best of all, Wamp server is available for free in both 32- and 64-bit versions.

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2. SYSTEM STUDY

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This stage involves studying the existing system and meeting with the uses, which determine user requirements
and their expectation of the proposed system. Cost of incorporating changes required by the user is very less at
this stage that steeply increases a development advance. System study is general term that refers to an orderly,
structured process for identifying and solving problems. The first phase of software development is system study.
The importance of system study phase is the establishment of the requirements for the system to be acquired,
developed and installed. Analysing the project to understand the complexity forms the vital part of the system
study. Problematic areas are identified and information is collected. Fact finding or gathering is essential to any
analysis of requirements. It is also highly essential that the analyst familiarize himself with the objectives, activities
and functions of organizations in which the system is to be implemented. System study works with users to identify
goals and build systems to achieve them. System study is an important phase of any system development process.
The system is studied to the minute details and analysed. The system analyst plays the role of an interrogator and
dwells deep into the working of the present system. In system study, a detailed study of these operations performed
by a system and their relationship within and outside the system is done. A key question considered here is, "What
must be done to solve the problem?". One aspect of system study is defining the boundaries of the application and
determining whether or not the candidate application should be considered. The system is viewed as a whole and
the inputs to the system are identified. The outputs from the system are traced various processing. During system
study data are collected on available sources network data centres handled by the present system. Once system
study is completed the analyst has a firm understanding of what is to be done. If the information gathered in the
system study is not enough to make a good software application,

2.1 Feasibility Study

Feasibility is conducted to identify the best system that meets all requirements. It is both necessary and important
to evaluate the feasibility of a project at the earliest possible time. feasibility study includes an identification
description, an evaluation of proposed system and selection of the best system for the job. During the system is to
be carried out. this is to ensure that the proposed system is not A burden to the shop. The feasibility study should
be relatively cheap and quick. the results should inform the decision of whether to go ahead with a more detailed
analysis, some understanding of the major requirements for the system is essential. Key considerations involved
in the feasibility analysis are

• Economic feasibility
• Behavioural feasibility
• Technical feasibility
• Operational feasibility
• Legal feasibility

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2.1.1 Economic Feasibility

Economic feasibility is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate system.
It is very essential because the main goal of the proposed system is to have economically better result along with
increased efficiency. A cost evaluation is weighed against the ultimate income or product. Economic justification
is generally the bottom-line consideration that includes cost benefit analysis, long term corporate income
strategies, and cost of resources needed for development and potential market growth. When compared to the
advantage obtained from implementing the system its cost is affordable. Proposed system was developed with
available resources. Since cost input for the software is almost nil the output of the software is always a profit.
Hence software is economically feasible.

2.1.2 Behavioural Feasibility

People are inherently resistant to change and computer is known for facilitating the changes. An estimate should
be made of how strongly the user; staff reacts towards the development of the computerized system. In the existing
system more manpower is required and time factor is more. The more manpower for managing many files for
dynamic data replication and more time for search through these files is needed. but in the proposed system, both
manpower and time factors are reduced and also unnecessary burden is reduced, thus, the remaining people are
made to engage in some other important work. Also, there is no need to wait in case of downloading the data for
the users therefore, the system is behaviourally feasible.

2.1.3 Technical Feasibility

A study of function, performance and constrains may improve the ability to create an acceptable system, technical
feasibility is frequently the most different area to achieve at the stage of product. In the proposed system, data can
be easily stored and managed using database management system software, the reports and the results for various
queries can be generated easily. Our proposed system is technically feasible to use by any users.

2.1.4 Operational Feasibility

The purpose of the operational feasibility is to determine whether the new system will be used if it is developed
and implemented and whether there will be resistance from users that will undermine the possible application
benefits .The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user .this includes the process
of training the user to use the system efficiently .the user must not feel threatened by the system, instead must
accept it as a necessity the level of acceptance by the user solely depends on the methods that are employed to
educate the user about the system and to make him familiar with it .his level of confidence must be raised so that
he is also able to make some constructive. The proposed system is an upgrade version of the current systems new
fields have been implemented according to the user need, hence it ensures all the aspects. The proposed system is

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very much user-friendly and the system is easily understood by simple training and it is operationally feasible to
use by any users.

2.1.5 Legal Feasibility

A determination of any infringement, violation, or liability that could result from development of the system.
Legal feasibility encompasses a broad range of concerns that include contracts, liability, infringement, and myriad
other traps frequently unknown to technical staff.

2.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

There is no existing system which provides a mechanic/crane /carriage service instantly. Then once on a long
journey, and if a breakdown or any other problems occurs, the only way to get help is by calling the nearest
mechanic. However this is not always possible if the place, one is travelling is not familiar with that local area.
If we are in a hurry, then the only way to reach there is by hiring a taxi.

2.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

InstaMech is a system that helps the user when they face any problems to their vehicle during travelling. This
system includes five modules. We can find the contact details of the nearest service centres, mechanics, crane
providers and carriage vehicle providers. The main advantage of this system is, it helps instantly, doesn't matter
whether it is day or night. We need not to wander here and there in search of mechanics, crane, etc.

2.4 Techniques for system study

The most important source information is the end users of the current system, who are often also the potential
users of the new system. They may range from novices to highly- skilled individuals. The information gathered
from end users will be crucial during the analysis and design phases.

Later, the analyst will also discuss technical aspects of the system with programmers, network engineers and other
technical staff.

A secondary source of information for the analyst can be found in the existing paper work or document within the
organization. Documents represent the formal information flow through the current system. The analyst must
collect sample copies of all relevant documents, e.g., input forms, output document, report, invoices etc to
understand how data flows and is used in the current system. This information can be important in the subsequent
design of files for the new system. This analyst will use a range of techniques to gather information about the
current system. The most important are interviewing, questioners and observation.

In this project I have used observation as a technique for gathering information. Observation is a technique used
to gather information by observing people performing various aspect of their loans. It allows the analyst to

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determine what is being done, how it is being done, who does it, when it is done, how long it takes, where it is
done and why it is done.

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3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

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Analysis is the process of breaking the problem into the successively manageable parts for individual study, system
analysis is the study of various operations that has to be done to solve the problem one aspect of the system analysis
is defining the boundaries of the system and determining whether or not be proposed system should consider other
related systems. One of the main meanings of the feasibility is possibility checking of the different criteria for
success is included in feasibility study section these criteria's are cost, time ,efficiency etc....all these factors play
an important role in achieving objective of the system that means the system should be such it gives optimum
performance at minimum cost, time requirements .these system contributes to the overall objectives of the
organization .the system be implemented using current technology and within given cost and schedule constrains.
the system is integrated with systems which are already in place. It is a general term that refers to a structural
process for identifying and solving problems in a computer-based transformation system sdlc is the structured
approach. Analysis implies the process of breaching something down in to its parts so that the whole may be
understood. The definition of system analysis, but also that of synthesis, which is the process of putting parts
together to form a new whole.

3.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

Selecting the right hardware for software development is crucial for optimal system performance. A powerful
processor is essential for handling complex operations, ensuring smooth compilation and execution. Adequate
hard disk capacity is equally important for managing databases and extensive applications. Additionally, sufficient
system memory (RAM) supports multitasking and contributes to an efficient development workflow. In summary,
a well-thought-out hardware configuration with a powerful processor, ample hard disk space, and sufficient RAM
is key to creating an optimal environment for software development. Furthermore, energy-efficient components
contribute to sustainability, aligning with environmentally conscious practices in software development.

3.2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

3.2.1 H/W SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

• Processor - Pentium-III
• Speed - 1.1GHz
• RAM - 256 MB (minimum)
• Hard Disk - 20 GB
• Floppy Drive - 1.44 MB
• Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard
• Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse
• Monitor - SVGA

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3.2.2 S/W SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

• Operating System : Windows 95/98/2000/NT4.0.

• Application Server : Wamp2.2e
• Front End : HTML, PHP
• Scripts : JavaScript.
• Server-side Script : PHP
• Database : MySQL.
• Database Connectivity : PhpMyAdmin.

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4. SYSTEM DESIGN

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The term design describes the final system and the way in which it is developed. The system design is a solution,
how to approach to the new system. This important phase is composed of several steps. An emphasis is on
translating the performance requirements of our proposed system into design specification. Design goes through
logical and physical stage of development. In the design phase the physical design producing the working system
by defining a particular specification that helps to knowing exactly what the new system must do. The logical
design determines the information flow into and of the system and require database. Design is a multistep process
that focuses on data structure, software, architecture, procedural details, and interface between modules. The
design process translates the requirements into the representation of the software. Computer software design
changes continually because new methods, better analysis and broader understanding evolved. It provides the
understanding and procedure details necessary for implementing the proposed system .an emphasis is on
translating the performance requirement of our proposed system into design specification. Design goes through
logical and physical stage. The system design is the last phase that indicate the final system and process of design
phase. In the designed phase of maintenance management system, the database tables, input screens and output
reports are designed. In table designing, redundancy is avoided. Design is the only way that we can accurately
translate a system requirement into a software product. In our production management system, the all input screens
are designed as user friendly and understandable.

4.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

4.2 MODULES
4.2.1 Admin module

• Admin controls the overall functions in the website. Admin can login to the website with his respective
username and password. He verifies the mechanic/crane providers/ user's information like address, name,
contact number, email id etc.
• Admin categorize the mechanic or crane providers or carriage providers based on the mode of registration
(paid or free registration). He verifies user's complaints, feedback and provides appropriate response.

4.2.2 Mechanic Module

• Mechanic can send registration requests by filling the online registration form which is available in the
site. He can login to the website after admin's verification.
• Mechanic can update their details like company name, locality and contact number. He can view
messages from users and send reply.

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4.2.3 Crane Module

• Crane service providers can also register as mechanics do. They can provide the rate details and service
details on site.
• They can view the service requests from users and contact them by using their phone number or email.

4.2.4 Carriage Module

• Carriage vehicle means, the vehicles that carry another vehicle. They can also register on site and provide
their vehicle and driver's details.

• They can view the service requests from users and contact them by using their phone number or email.

4.2.5 User Module

• Registered user can login to the website and collect the details Of mechanics in that locality when they
instantly need one. He can view the entire mechanic's profile, crane service and carriage details.
• He can send feedback, messages and complaints. Users can send service request to
carriage/mechanics/crane service.

4.3 INPUT DESIGN

Input design is the link that ties the information system into the world of its users. The input design involves
determining what the input is, how the data should be performed, how to validate data, how to minimize data entry
and how to provide a multi user facility, inaccurate input data are the most common cause of errors in data
processing. Errors entered by data entry operator can be controlled by input design. Input design is the process of
converting user originated input to a computer-based format. Input data are collected and organized into groups
of similar data. Once identified, appropriate input media are selected for processing

All the input data re validated in the order and if any data violates any conditions, the user is warned by a message.
If the data satisfies all the conditions, then it is transferred to the appropriate table in the database. A form is
designed to enter the details should be user friendlier so that authorized user with even less knowledge can enter
the data. The form is designed using v b tools like command boxes, text boxes, labels, option buttons, combo
boxes etc.

4.4 OUTPUT DESIGN

Output design is very important concept in the computerized system, without reliable output the user may feel the
entire system unnecessary and avoids using it. The proper output design is important in any system and facilitates

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effective decision making. The output design of this system includes various reports. output requirements are
designed during system analysis. An application is successful only when it can provide efficient and effective
reports.

The goal of the output design is to capture the output and get the data into a format suitable for the computer. It is
very helpful to produce the clear, accurate and speedy information for end users.

A major form of the output is the harder copy from the pointer and screen reports. Printouts are designed around
the output requirements of the user. Allowing the user to view the sample screen is important because the user is
the ultimate judge of the quality of output. Output of this project is provided in the form of reports created using
crystal report tool.

4.5 DATABASE DESIGN

The fundamental purpose of a database is to provide a structured and efficient means of organizing, storing, and
retrieving data. By treating data as a valuable organizational resource, the development of database technology
has evolved to ensure seamless integration and cohesiveness within the information ecosystem. A Database
Management System (DBMS) plays a crucial role in achieving this objective, allowing for the secure and
organized storage of data independently from other resources. The distinction between logical and physical data
is a key aspect of this approach, where logical data represents the conceptual organization and relationships, while
physical data pertains to the actual storage and retrieval mechanisms.

Moreover, the overarching goal of the database technology is to facilitate easy, quick, cost-effective, and flexible
access to information for users. This is achieved through the implementation of a well-designed database system
that emphasizes integration, data integrity, and independence. The separation of logical and physical storage
further enhances the adaptability and scalability of the system. In practice, databases are commonly implemented
through specialized software packages known as Database Management Systems (DBMS), which provide a
structured environment for creating, managing, and manipulating databases. This systematic approach ensures
that the database aligns with organizational objectives, optimizes data management, and serves as a reliable
foundation for various applications and information retrieval needs.

4.6 PROCESS DESIGN

Process design represents the structure of data and program components that are required to build a computer-
based system. It considered the architectural style that the system will take, the structure and properties of the
components constitute the system, and the interrelationships that occur among all architectural components of a
system. Although a software engineer can design both and architecture, the job is often allocated to specialist
when large, complex system are to be built. A database or data warehouse designer creates data architecture for a
system. The 'system architect 'select an appropriate architectural style for the requirements derived during system

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engineering and software requirement analysis. Architectural design begins with data design and proceeds to the
derivation of one or more representations of the architectural structure of the system. An architecture model
encompassing data architecture and program structure is created during architectural design. In addition,
component properties and the process by which it is developed. It refers to technical specifications that will be
applied in implementing the system. It includes the construction of program and program testing. The input to
design phase is software requirement specification DFD's, e-r diagrams and structured diagrams depending on
analysis. The output will be design specification. System design involves designing from layouts for input and
reports for output.

4.7 TABLES DESIGN

Database design is the logical form of design of data storage in the form of records in a particular structure in the
form of tables with fields which is not transparent to the normal user but it actually acts as the backbone of the
system. As we know database is a collection of data, which helps the system to manage and store data called
database management system. Data base management system builds some form of constraints like integrity
constraints, i.e., the primary key/ unique key and referential integrity which help to keep data structure storage
and access of data from tables efficiently and accurately and take necessary steps to concurrent access of data and
avoid redundancy of data in tables by normalization criterions.

Normalization is the method of breaking down complex table structures into simple table structures by using
certain rules thus reduce redundancy and inconsistency and disk space usage and thus increase the performance
of the system or application which is directly linked to the database design and also solve the problems of
anomalies. The Data Base design of new system's is in second normal form and the second normal form defines
that all non-key fields of the table are fully dependent on the whole key. Each field of the tables is made to depend
only on key attributes and dependency on non-key fields is eliminated. The organized data into column called
fields and rows called reports. There are several different tables are used in this project. These are,

1. Bank.
2. Feedback.
3. Forgot Paasword.
4. Login.
5. Registration.
6. Servicedetails.
7. Servicerequest.
8. Vehiclecompany.
9. Vehiclecategory.

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Table Name: Login

Description: Used to store the login id of Users

Field Data Type Constraint Description

Username Varchar (30) Primary Key Users name

password Varchar (30) Not Null password

User_type Varchar (30) Not Null Type of user

status Varchar (30) Default Application status

Table Name: Servicerequest

Description: Used to store Servicerequest details.

Field Data Type Constraint Description

S_id Int (100) Primary Key Service id

from_name EmailField(30) Not Null Sender email id

to_name EmailField(30) Not Null Receiver email id

s_date date Service needed date

discription Varchar (100) Not Null Problem discription

date date Not Null Sending date

status Varchar (50) Not Null Application status

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Table Name: Registration

Description: Used to Registration details

Field Data Type Constraint Description

Reg_id Int (100) Primary Key Registration id

name Varchar (50) Not Null Name of user

email Varchar (50) Not Null Email id

phone Int (100) Not Null Phone number

address Varchar (100) Not Null Address

reg_type Varchar (50) Not Null Register type

state Varchar (50) Not Null State of user

city Varchar (50) Not Null City of user

district Varchar (50) Not Null District of user

paystatus Varchar (50) Not Null Paiment status

picture Not Null Image

Table Name: Vehiclecategory

Description: Used to Vehiclecategory details

Field Data Type Constraint Description

cat_id Int (30) Primary Key Category id

cat_name Varchar (30) Not Null Category name

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Table Name: Servicedetails

Description: Used to store servicedetails

Field Data Type Constraint Description

Service_id Int (100) Primary Key Service id

S_name Varchar (50) Not Null Service name

email Varchar (50) Not Null Email id

Comp_id Int (100) Foreign Key Company id

address Varchar (100) Not Null Address

reg_type Varchar (50) Not Null Register type

city Varchar (50) Not Null City of user

status Varchar (50) Not Null Application status

Table Name: Forgot password

Description: Used to store Forgot password

Field Data Type Constraint Description

forgetpassword_id int (30) Primary Key Forgot password id

email Emailfield (20) Not Null Email id

Random number Int (30) Not Null Random number

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Table Name: Feedback

Description: Used to store Feedback details

Field Data Type Constraint Description

fb_id Int (100) Primary Key Feedback id

send_from Emailfield (50) Not Null Sending email

send_to Emailfield (50) Not Null Receving email

discription Varchar (100) Not Null discription

date date Not Null Date of the date

responce Varchar (50) Not Null response

status Varchar (50) Not Null Status

type Varchar (50) Not Null Feedback/complaint

Table Name: Vehiclecomapny

Description: Used to store Vehiclecomapny details.

Field Data Type Constraint Description

comp_id Int (30) Primary Key Company id

cat_id Int (30) Foreign Key Category id

Cat_name Varchar (50) Not Null Company name

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Table Name: Bank

Description: Used to store Bank details

Field Data Type Constraint Description

bank_id Int (100) Primary Key bank id

cvvno Int (30) Not Null Card verificationvalue

acconumber Int (30) Not Null Account number

cardno Int (30) Card number

expiryear Int (100) Not Null Expire year

expirmonth Varchar (30) Not Null Expire month

amount Int (50) Not Null Amount

User_type Varchar (50) Not Null Type of the user

4.8 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A DFD, also known as a "bubble chart" has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and identifying major
transformations that will become programs in system design. A DFD consists of a series of bubbles joined by
lines. The bubbles represent data transformations and the lines represents data flow in the system. A data flow
diagram may be used to represent a system or software at any level of abstraction. A DFD is a diagram that
describes the flow of data and the processes that change or transform data throughout a system. It is a structured
analysis and design tool that can be used or flowcharting in place of, or in association with, information oriented
and process-oriented system flowchart. When analyst prepare the, they specify the user needs at a level of detail
that virtually determines the information flow into and out of the system and the required data resources. This
network is constructed by using a set of symbols that do not imply a physical implementation. The DFD reviews
the current physical system, prepare input and output specification, specifies the implementation plan etc.

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Basic data flow diagrams symbols are:

A "rectangle" defines a source or destination of a system data

An "arrow" identifies data flow. It is a pipeline through which information flows.

A "circle "represents a process that transforms incoming data flow(s) into outgoing data flow(s).

An “open rectangle” is a data store

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DFD level 0

Level 1 Admin

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Level 1 Mechanic

Level 1 Crane

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Level 1 Carriage

Level 1 User

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4.9 E-R DIAGRAM

The overall logical structure of a database can be expressed graphically by an E-R diagram. The relative simplicity
and pictorial clarity of this diagramming technique may well account in large part for the widespread use of E-R
model. Such diagram consists of the following major components:

• Dashed ellipses: which denote derived attributes?

• Double ellipses: which represent multi valued attributes.
• Lines: which link attributes to entity sets and entity sets to relationship sets.
• Diamonds: which represents relationship sets?
• Ellipses: which represents attributes?
• Rectangles: which represent entity sets?

• Rectangle which represents entity sets

• Diamond which represents relationship sets.

• Ellipse which represents attributes

• Lines which link attributes to entity sets and entity

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ER Diagram

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5. SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

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In the realm of software development, testing emerges as a critical phase, serving to ensure the reliability and
functionality of a system. Testing strategies, encompassing methodologies such as manual and automated
approaches, play a crucial role in validating software functionality. Various types of testing further contribute to
this process. Unit Testing focuses on individual components, Integration Testing examines module interactions,
Validation Testing ensures overall system adherence to predefined requirements, Output Testing scrutinizes
system responses, User Acceptance Testing assesses suitability for end-users, and System Implementation marks
the transition to production. This comprehensive approach ensures that software not only meets but exceeds user
expectations, underscoring the significance of a well-structured and thorough testing process in delivering high-
quality and robust applications.

5.1 Testing
Testing is a process of executing a program with the interest of finding an error. A good test is one that has a high
probability of finding the yet undiscovered errors. The primary objective for the test case design is to drive a set
of tests that has the highest likelihood for systematically uncovering different classes of errors in the software. A
series of testing are performed for this project before the system is ready for acceptance. Some of the testing
strategies applied for the system are listed here.

5.1.1 Testing Strategies

• White Box Testing
• Black Box Testing

5.1.1.1 Black Box

Testing Black Box testing also called functional testing, focuses on the functional requirements of the software.
Knowing the specified function that a product designed to perform the test can be conducted to ensure that each
function is fully operational. Black Box tests are carried out to test that input to function is properly accepted and
output is correctly produced. It finds the errors in the following categories,

• Interface errors.
• Performance in data structures or external database access.
• Performance errors. Initialization and termination errors.
• Incorrect or missing functions.

Black box testing is used to detect errors of type incorrect or missing functions, interface errors, errors in data
structures or external database access, performance, initialization and termination errors.

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5.1.1.2 White Box Testing

White box testing, sometimes called “Glass box testing”, and is a test case design uses the control structure of
the procedural design to check the errors. It involves following procedures;

5.2 Types of Testing

• All independent paths within module have been exercised at least once.
• All logical decisions were checked for the true and false values.
• All loops were executed to check their boundary values.
• Internal data structure was tested for their validity.
• Unit Testing
• Integration Testing
• Validation Testing
• Output Testing
• User Acceptance Testing
• Product transitions qualities

5.3 Unit Testing:

In this testing we test each module individual and integrated the overall system. Unit testing focuses verification
efforts on the smaller unit of software design in the module. This is also known as „module‟ testing. The modules
of the system are tested separately. The testing is carried out during programming stage itself

5.4 Integration Testing:

Data can be lost across an interface one module can have an adverse effort on the other sub functions when
combined by May not produce the desired major functions. Integrated testing is the systematic testing for
constructing the uncover errors within the interface. This testing was done with sample data. The need for
integrated test is to find the overall system performance.

5.5 Validation Testing:

Validation testing is a pivotal phase in the software development life cycle, encompassing a comprehensive
examination of the software to verify that it not only adheres to the defined specifications but also aligns
seamlessly with the end users' needs and expectations. This rigorous testing process aims to confirm that the
software functions in a manner that is not only technically sound but also practically viable and user-friendly. By
successfully undergoing validation testing, a software product gains the necessary assurance that it meets the
desired quality standards and is poised for acceptance by the customer, ultimately enhancing its overall reliability
and effectiveness in real-world scenarios.

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5.6 Output Testing:

After performing the validation testing, the next step is output testing of the proposed system since no system
could be useful if it doesn’t produce the required data in the specific format. The output displayed or generated by
the system under consideration is tested by, asking the user about the format displayed. The output format on the
screen is found to be correct as the format was designed in the system phase according to the user needs. Hence
the output testing doesn’t result in any correction in the system.

5.7 User Acceptance Testing:

User Acceptance of the system is the key factor for the success of the system. The system under consideration is
tested for user Acceptance by constantly keeping in touch with prospective system at the time of developing and
making change wherever required. This is done with regard to the following points.

• Output Screen design.

• Input Screen design.
• Menu driven system.

5.8 System Implementation

5.8.1 Implementation Concepts

Implementation is the stage of the project when theoretical design is turned into a working system. The
implementation stage is a system project in its own right. It includes careful planning, investigation of current
system and its constraints in implementation, design of methods to achieve the changeover, training of the staff in
the changeover procedure and evaluation of changeover method. The first task in implementation is planning-
deciding on the methods and time-scale to be adopted. Once the planning has been completed, the major effort is
to ensure that the program in the system are working properly. At the same time concentrate on training the staff.
When the staff have been trained, the complete system, involving both computer and user can be executed
effectively.

When the manager’s system is linked to terminal on remote sites, the telecommunication network along with the
system are also included under implementation. Depending upon the nature of the system, extensive user training
may be required. Programming itself is a design work. The initial parameters of the management information
system should be modified as a result of programming efforts; programming provides a Reality test for the
assumptions made by the analyst. System testing checks the readiness and accuracy of the system access update
and retrieve data from new files. Once the program becomes available, the test data are read into the computer and
processed. In this system, conventional parallel Run was conducted to establish the efficiency of the system.
Implementation is used here to mean the process of converting a new or a revised system design into an operational

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one. Conversion is one aspect of implementation. Conversion means changing from one system to another. The
objective is to put the tested system into operation while holding costs, risks and personal irritation to a minimum.
Changeover is the process of adopting the new system. The new system has to be introduced however. This is
done after the system has been developed and tested completely. There is a set of methods like Direct Changeover,
parallel Changeover, pilot running etc pilot running is intended here. Data from one or more previous periods for
the whole or part of the system is run on the new system after results have been obtained from the old system and
both are compared. It is performed till the completion of one system life cycle. When the changeover has taken
place there will be a need for amendment to correct or improve the new system. When the user wants to add any
new records, some fields will automatically get their default values. If the user desires to change these default
values he can do it.

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6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

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In conclusion, navigating the dynamic realm of commercial software development demands a multifaceted and
strategic approach that deftly acknowledges the varied advantages and limitations inherent in different
development models. Within this intricate tapestry, the critical dimension of timing stands out, underscoring the
industry's fiercely competitive nature. Delays in development may result in conceding ground to nimble
competitors, while hasty releases could jeopardize a company's standing. The system, meticulously conceived
with specific objectives during the design phase, boasts a resilient architecture that not only meets current needs
but also accommodates the seamless integration of additional functionalities without compromising its core
structure. As the software landscape undergoes a transformative shift from specificity to generality, the
adaptability of the system emerges as a key asset for navigating future technological shifts, ensuring longevity and
relevance in an ever-changing technological landscape. Furthermore, the unwavering commitment to user-
friendliness has manifested in tangible advancements like the integration of biometric authentication, seamless
connectivity with mobile applications for real-time updates, and the adoption of paperless practices for
environmental conscientiousness. This holistic perspective underscores the intricate interplay of innovation,
adaptability, and user-centric design in the world of commercial software development, where striking a balance
among these elements is paramount for companies seeking sustained success in an industry characterized by rapid
evolution and ever-increasing user expectations.

Turning to waste disposal management, the future beckons with exciting prospects for innovative advancements
that promise to revolutionize the industry. Envisioned enhancements encompass the implementation of
sophisticated tracking technologies aimed at providing enhanced monitoring capabilities, allowing for more
precise and efficient waste management. Additionally, the development of user-friendly mobile applications is on
the horizon, poised to streamline reporting processes and empower users to actively participate in waste disposal
initiatives. The exploration of eco-friendly disposal methods further amplifies the commitment to sustainable
practices, aligning waste management systems with environmental consciousness. This relentless quest for
innovation and user-centric solutions not only addresses current challenges but also stands as an enduring
imperative, ensuring the continual evolution of software systems in diverse sectors. Such advancements not only
promote operational efficiency but also contribute to sustainability and adaptability in the ever-changing
technological landscape. As waste disposal management embraces these cutting-edge technologies, it not only
meets the demands of today but lays a robust foundation for a more environmentally conscious and technologically
advanced future.

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7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1. "PHP and MySQL Web Development" by Luke Welling and Laura Thomson (Latest edition: 2019)
2. "Learning PHP, MySQL & JavaScript" by Robin Nixon (Latest edition: 2018)
3. "Web Development with PHP and MySQL" by David Powers (Latest edition: 2020)
4. "PHP Objects, Patterns, and Practice" by Matt Zandstra (Latest edition: 2017)
5. "Modern PHP: New Features and Good Practices" by Josh Lockhart (Latest edition: 2015)
6. W3Schools PHP Tutorial: https://www.w3schools.com/
7. GitHub Repository for PHP Projects: https://github.com/
8. Stack Overflow: https://stackoverflow.com/
9. " Database Management Systems" Author: Raghu Ramakrishnan and Johannes Gehrke.
10. "HTML and CSS: Design and Build Websites" Author: Jon Duckett.
11. "The System Design and Implementation of Vehicle Management" Author: Jr-Jen Huang, Yi-Yu Chu,
and Yen-Jen Chen.

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8. APPENDIX

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8.1 SCREENSHOTS

Home page

Login page

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Registration

Admin Home

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Vehicle category

Vehicle company.

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Mechanic profile.

Mechanic service.

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Crane profile.

View user request.

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Carriage profile.

View user request.

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User profile.

Search mechanic.

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Search crane or carriage.

Feedback.

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Payment.

SOURCE CODE
Add vehicle category.php:

<?php
require_once("../../Connectionclass.php");
$obj = new Connectionclass();
$cat=$_POST['catagory'];
$data="SELECT COUNT(cat_name) AS count FROM vehiclecategory where cat_name='$cat'";
$re=$obj->GetSingleData($data);
if($re==0){
$sql="insert into vehiclecategory(cat_name)value('$cat')";
$exe=$obj->Manipulation($sql);
//var_dump($exe);
}

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else{
echo $obj->alert("Category Already Exist......","../vechicle_cat.php");

}
if($exe['status']=='true'){
echo $obj->alert("successfully inserted","../vechicle_cat.php");
}
else{

echo $obj->alert("Category Already Exist......","../company_category.php");

}
?>

Mechanic approve.php:
<?php
session_start();
require_once('../../Connectionclass.php');
$obj = new Connectionclass();
$uname=$_SESSION['username'];
$id=$_GET['id'];
$sql="select * from registration where reg_id='$id'";
$exe=$obj->GetSingleRow($sql);
$uname=$exe['email'];
$qry="update login set status='active' where username='$uname'";
$obj->manipulation($qry);
/*$qrys="update registration set status='active' where reg_id='$id'";
$obj->manipulation($qrys);
echo $obj->alert("update successfully","../mechanic_list.php?type=approve");*/
if($res['status']='true')
{

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echo $obj->alert("Successfully Updated","../mechanic_list.php?type=approve");

}
else
{
echo $obj->alert("Something went wrong","../mechanic_list.php?type=approve");

}
?>

Feedback.php:
<?php
require_once('../../Connectionclass.php');
$obj = new Connectionclass();
$msgid=$_GET['mid'];
$msg=$_POST['res'];
$qry="update feedback set response='$msg', status='responsed' where msgid='$msgid'";
$res=$obj->manipulation($qry);
//var_dump($res);
if($res['status']='true')
{
echo $obj->alert("Success","../view_feedback.php");

}
else
{
echo $obj->alert("Something went wrong","../view_feedback.php");

}
?>

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