Design, Contingency Analysis, and Short Circuit

Analysis of a 10-Bus Transmission System

Govind
Muhammad Oneeb Sarfaraz

Department of Electrical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan

Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi, Department of Electrical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan
KPK, Pakistan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi,
KPK, Pakistan
[email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract—This report presents the design, contingency II. Power Systems

analysis, and short circuit study of a 10-bus transmission
system using the ETAP software suite. In response to the A. System I (Preferred System)
need for reliable and efficient power transmission, this
project outlines the configuration of the network,
including bus locations, line parameters, and
transformer connections. Subsequently, the report
focuses on assessing the system's response to critical
contingencies, identifying potential vulnerabilities and
proposing mitigation strategies. A comprehensive short
circuit analysis is then conducted to determine fault
currents at various locations within the network. Based
on the calculated fault levels, appropriate circuit breakers
are selected for each bus, adhering to industry standards
and ensuring safe and reliable operation under fault
conditions. This report provides a comprehensive
analysis of the designed 10-bus transmission system,
offering valuable insights for further optimization and
ensuring robust performance in response to unforeseen
events.

I. Introduction

The growing demand for electricity necessitates robust and

efficient transmission systems to deliver power across vast
distances. This report details the design, contingency
analysis, and short circuit studies undertaken for a 10-bus
transmission system, utilizing the capabilities of the ETAP
software platform. The initial section lays out the network
Figure 1 : System I (prefered circuit)
configuration, encompassing bus locations, line parameters,
and transformer connections. This established the
framework for subsequent analysis.

Following the system design, the report delves into

contingency analysis to evaluate the network's response to
critical events such as line outages or equipment failures. By
identifying potential vulnerabilities and their impact on
system stability, mitigation strategies can be implemented to
enhance the system's resilience. This thorough assessment
ensures reliable power delivery even under unforeseen
circumstances.
 B. System II III. TASK I

A. Bus Voltage Constraints

Voltage regulation of each bus should be 95% to 105%.

 0.95 pu < 𝑈�𝐵� < 1.05 pu, for all load buses

Figure 2 : Circuit II

Figure 5: Voltage regulation of System t I

Figure 3 : Distance between buses of the 10-bus system (in

km)

Figure 4: Nominal Size of the Loads at Different Buses

Figure 6: Voltage regulation of System II

 B. Generator constraints ID Type kW Flow kvar Flow Amp flow % Loading
Line1 Line 25599.7 -7884.3 114
𝑃�𝐺�,𝑚�𝑖�𝑛�< 𝑃�𝐺� < 𝑃�𝐺�,𝑚�𝑎�𝑥� Line2 Line 36161.7 -9889.5 158.6
Line3 Line 57254 -9749.1 243
𝑄�𝐺�,𝑚�𝑖�𝑛�< 𝑄�𝐺� < 𝑄�𝐺�,𝑚�𝑎�𝑥� Line4 Line 7641.7 -5184 38.63
Line5 Line 5385.6 -5270.5 31.53
𝑈�𝐺�,𝑚�𝑖�𝑛�< 𝑈�𝐺� < 𝑈�𝐺�,𝑚�𝑎�𝑥�
Line6 Line 7068.6 -5184.6 36.59
For all generators Line7 Line 67965 -11681.3 288.5
Line8 Line 41387.7 -14017.2 186.5
Line9 Line 5410 -4757.4 30.81
Line10 Line 30267.1 -12184.1 139.6
Figure 10: Power transfer constraints of System II

D. Bus Results

Bus ID Nominal kV Voltage MW Loading Mvar Loading Amp Loading

Bus1 138 100 9.659 6.634 49.02
Figure 7: Generator constraints of System t I Bus2 138 100 71.538 9.695 302
Bus3 138 100 62.863 6.14 264.3
Bus4 138 99.76 19.981 0.183 83.8
Bus5 138 98.34 59.774 5.675 255.4
ID Rating/Limit Rated kV MW Mvar Amp %PF %Generation
Bus6 138 97.03 60.537 5.304 262
Gen1 29.75MW 138 3.534 -2.574 18.9 -80.83 11.9 Bus7 138 95.6 29.483 1.319 129.2
Gen2 29.75MW 138 3.534 -2.574 18.9 -80.83 11.9 Bus8 138 97.1 39.16 4.031 169.6
Bus9 138 96.18 36.336 3.977 159
Gen3 29.75MW 138 32.448 -7.467 139.3 -97.45 109.1 Bus10 138 95.93 28.811 1.293 125.8
Gen4 29.75MW 138 32.448 -7.467 139.3 -97.45 109.1 Figure 11: Bus Result of System I
Gen5 29.75MW 138 36.675 -8.476 157.5 -97.43 123.3
Gen6 29.75MW 138 36.675 -8.476 157.5 -97.43 123.3 Bus ID Nominal kV Voltage MW Loading %Loading
Figure 8: Generator constraints of System II Bus1 138 100 7.069 0
Bus2 138 100 64.896 0
C. Power transfer constraints Bus3 138 100 73.351 0
Bus4 138 100 20 0
Bus5 138 98.89 56.073 0
𝑆𝑖,𝑗 < 100 MVA, for all lines.
Bus6 138 98.01 65.198 0
Bus7 138 97.69 29.726 0
ID Type kW Flow kvar Flow Amp Flow %PF Bus8 138 98.3 35.532 0
Line1 Line 29274.4 -4031.5 127.3 -99.07
Bus9 138 97.8 46.128 0
Line2 Line 39905.4 -5674.6 171.5 -99
Line3 Line 61096 -5154.7 256.5 -99.65
Bus10 138 97.82 25.238 0
Line4 Line 10441.9 -4540.3 47.64 -91.71 Figure 12: Bus Result of System II
Line5 Line 9658.8 -4553.2 44.67 -90.45
Line6 Line 0 -2080.7 8.705 0
E. Reason to choose alternative
Line7 Line 62862.9 -4059.5 263.5 -99.79
Line8 Line 36818.5 -5304.5 160.4 -98.98
Line9 Line 20576.1 -3977.5 91.16 -98.18 System I is our best alternative because almost all its
Line10 Line 9097.9 1318.9 40.23 98.97 constraints meet our requirement.
Figure 9: Power transfer constraints of System I
Total length of Transmission Line of System I: 629 km
Total length of Transmission Line of System II: 715 km
Since cost per km is 1 $.
Total cost of Transmission Line of System I: 629 $
Total cost of Transmission Line of System II: 715 $
It can be seen clearly that System I is more cost efficient.

F. N-1 contingency

Figure 15: Figure N-1 contingency of bus1

Figure 13: Figure N-1 contingency of line2

Figure 14: Figure N-1 contingency of line7

Figure 16: N-1 contingency of bus5
 Figure 19: N-2 contingency line1 with line10

b. Contingency of Line2 with line2

Figure 17: Figure N-1 contingency of bus10

IV. Task II N-2 contingency

a. Contingency of Line 1 with other lines

Figure 20: N-2 contingency line2 with line2

Figure 18: N-2 contingency line1 with line2

 c. Contingency of Line3 with other line d. Contingency of line4 with other

Figure 21: N-2 contingency line3 with line2

Figure 23: N-2 contingency line4 with line2

e. Contingency of line5 with other

Figure 22: N-2 contingency line3 with line3

Figure 24: N-2 contingency line5 with line2

 f. Contingency of line6 with other line h. Contingency of line8 with other line

Figure 27: N-2 contingency line8 with line7

Figure 25: N-2 contingency line6 with line9

i. Contingency of line9 with other lines

g. Contingency of line7 with other line

Figure 26: N-2 contingency line7 with line3 Figure 28: N-2 contingency line9 with line2
 j. Contingency of line10 with other lines

V. TASK III

A. Short Circuit Analysis

Figure 29: N-2 contingency line10 with line7

k. Contingency of buses with other buses

Figure 30: Short Circuit Analysis

Short circuit analysis is shown at the end of report.

Summary:

 3-phase worst, then L-G, L-L, followed by L-G-L.

 Voltage dips: Worst with 3-phase faults, location
dependent.
 Generators:
 Contribute heavily to fault currents, especially
nearby.
 Mitigate voltage dips with reactive power.
 Placement affects protection coordination.
  Pre-fault loading impacts current supply.  Maximum Fault currents (3-Phase):
 Excitation level affects voltage response. Fault at bus Current (kA)
 Severe faults can threaten rotor stability. 1 4.293
 Impedance of lines & generators affects current & 2 3.962
voltage.
3 4.261
 Longer lines = lower current due to increased
impedance. 4 3.413
 X/R ratio influences rate of change for current & 5 3.258
voltage. 6 3.291
7 3.119
B. Circuit Breaker Selection 8 2.804
9 3.102
In the selection of circuit breaker we will tabulate the 10 2.929
maximum short circuit (3-phase) current and the rated
continuous current to justify the type and rating of circuit  Nominal Voltage and Rated Continuous current
breaker for the proposed power system.
 Given CB Data
Bus ID Nominal Voltage (kV) Amp Loading (A)
1 138 49.02
2 138 302
3 138 264.3
4 138 83.8
5 138 255.4
6 138 262
7 138 129.2
8 138 169.6
9 138 159
10 138 125.8

The maximum current recorded is 264.3 A and the maximum

short circuit current is 4.292 kA. So, we will be using the CB
mentioned below:

Col 1 Col 2 Col 3 Col 4 Col 5 Col 6 Col 7 Col 8

138 __ 145 1 __ __ 1200 20