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Numerical Teq.

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8 views16 pages

Numerical Teq.

Uploaded by

abdomaggo46
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NUMERICAL

TECHNIQUES
1. Solving Non-Linear equations
We wish to find a root to the equation f(x)=0
in the interval [a,b]

f (b)  0

a b

f (a)  0 The root at which f ( x) = 0


1.1. Bisection Method
Example 1
By using the bisection method solve the following equation
to find a root between x 2 − 6 x + 8 = 0
Solution
Let f ( x) = x 2 − 6 x + 8
Then we have f (0) = 8 , f (3) = −1
Then we have at least one root in the interval [0 ,3]
So we are going to take the first approximation to the root to be the
0+3
midpoint of the interval which will be x1 = = 1.5
2
Now since we have f (1.5) = 1.25 then we can take the following
approximation to the root to be the midpoint of the interval [1.5 ,3]
1.5 + 3
which will be x2 = = 2.25
2
The percentage of the approximate error for this iteration is
x2 − x1 2.25 − 1.5
 100 =  100 = 33.33%
x2 2.25
Now we can repeat the same iteration process till we get an approximation
to the solution with an acceptable relative error
1.2. Newton-Raphson Method

𝒇 𝒙𝒊 − 𝟎
The slope 𝒎 = 𝒇′ 𝒙𝒊 = Then 𝒙𝒊+𝟏 = 𝒙𝒊 −
𝒇 𝒙𝒊
𝒙𝒊 − 𝒙𝒊+𝟏 𝒇′ 𝒙𝒊
Example 4

Solution We have R(t ) = e − t − t , R(t ) = −e − t − 1


then
2. Euler Method for Solving the First order
Ordinary Differential Equations
Exercise
1. By using the bisection method, find one root to the following equations
with an error less than 0.05% (0.01%)
𝑎) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0 2, 3
𝑏) 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 0 [0, 1]
𝑐) 3𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 = 0 0, 1
2. By using the Newton-Raphson method, find one root to the following
equations with an error less than 0.0005%
𝑎)3𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 = 0 𝑏) 2𝑥 tan 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑦
3. Given + 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 0 = 1 by using ℎ = 0.1 find 𝑦(0.5) and 𝑦(1) by
𝑑𝑥
using Euler method.
𝑑𝑰
4. Given + 𝟏𝟎 𝑰 = 𝟐𝟎, 𝑰 0 = 𝟎 by using ℎ = 0.5 find 𝐼(5) and 𝑦(1) by
𝑑𝒕
using Euler method.
5. The population 𝑃(𝑡) of a certain town is modelled by the following Initial
𝑑𝑷(𝒕)
Problem: = 𝒂𝑷 𝒕 − 𝒃(𝑷(𝒕))2 , where 𝑎 = 0.03, and 𝑏 = 1.5 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 .
𝑑𝒕
If 𝑃 0 = 60 ∗ 10𝟑 , use a numerical technique (Euler method) to find the
population after 5 years.

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