ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LABORATORY WORK SHEET 2
(CELLS AND TISSUES)
1. Label the parts of the cell using the leader lines provided
2. Match each cell structure listed on the left with the correct description on the right. Write you
answer on the space provided before the number.
1. ribosome a. main site of ATP synthesis
2. smooth ER b. encloses the chromatin
3. mitochondrion c. sac of digestive enzymes
4. nucleus d. examples include glycogen granules and ingested
foreign materials
5. Golgi apparatus e. forms basal bodies and helps direct mitotic spindle
formation
6. lysosome f. site of protein synthesis
7. centriole g. forms the external boundary of the cell
8. cytoskeleton h. site of lipid synthesis
9. inclusion I. packaging site for ribosomes
10. plasma membrane j. packages proteins for transportation
11. nucleolus k. internal cellular network of rodlike structures
Differences and Similarities in Cell Structure
3. Choose from the following: (squamous epithelium, sperm cells, smooth muscle, or human red
blood cells) that fits the description below.
______________1. Cell has a flagellum for movement
______________2. Cells have an elongated shape (tapered at each end)
______________3. Cells are close together
______________4. Cells are circular
______________5. Cells are thin and flat, with irregular borders
______________6. Cells are anucleate (without a nucleus)
______________7. Longest cell
Cell Division
4. What is the function of Mitotic Cell Division
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5. Identify the four phases of mitosis shown in the following photomicrographs, and select the
events from the key that correctly identify each phase. On the appropriate answer line, write
the letters that correspond to these events.
Key·
a. The nuclear envelope re-forms.
b. Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
c. Chromatin coils and condenses, forming chromosomes.
d. Chromosomes stop moving toward the poles.
e. The chromosomes are V shaped.
f. The nuclear envelope breaks down.
g. Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers.
h. The mitotic spindle begins to form.
6. Complete or respond to the following statements:
Division of the 1 is referred to as mitosis. Cytokinesis is division of the 2 . The major structural
difference between chromatin and chromosomes is that the latter are 3 . Chromosomes attach to
the spindle fibers by undivided structures called 4 . If a cell undergoes mitosis but not cytokinesis, the
product is 5 . The structure that acts as a scaffolding for chromosomal attachment and movement is
called the 6 . 7 is the period of cell life when the cell is not involved in division. Three cell
populations in the body that do not routinely undergo cell division are 8 , 9 , and 10 .
1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
4. _______________________________
5. _______________________________
6. _______________________________
7. _______________________________
8. _______________________________
9. _____________________________
10. _____________________________
Tissue Structure and Function
1. List the following in order from least complex to most complex: organ, cell, tissue, and organ
system.
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2. Define histology
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3. Use the key choices to identify the major tissue types described below.
Key: a. connective tissue b. epithelium c. muscle d. nervous tissue
_______________1. lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface
_______________2. pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat
_______________3. forms endocrine and exocrine glands
_______________4. anchors, packages, and supports body organs
_______________5. classified based on the shape and arrangement of the cells
_______________6. derived from mesenchyme
_______________7. major function is to contract
_______________8. transmits electrical signals
_______________9. consists of cells within an extracellular matrix
_______________10. Most widespread tissue in the body
_______________11. forms nerves and the brain
Epithelial Tissue
4. Describe five general characteristics of epithelial tissue.
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5. For each function listed, name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for that
function.
Function 1: Protection _______________________________________
Function 2: Diffusion ________________________________________
Function 3: Secretion ________________________________________
Function 4: Filtration ________________________________________
Function 5: Absorption _______________________________________
6. Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics.
How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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7. How does the structural difference support its function?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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8. How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?
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Connective Tissue
1. What are three general characteristics of connective tissues?
a. _______________________
b. _______________________
c. _______________________
2. What functions are performed by connective tissue?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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3. How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure?
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4. Using the key, choose the best response to identify the connective tissues described below.
__________1. attaches bones to bones and
Key:
muscles to bones a. adipose connective tissue
b. areolar connective tissue
__________2. Act as a storage depot for fat
c. dense irregular connective
__________3. The dermis of the skin tissue
d. elastic cartilage
__________4. makes up the intervertebral discs
e. elastic connective tissue
__________5. Forms the hip bone f. fibrocartilage
g. hematopoetic tissue
__________6. composes basement membranes; a soft h. hyaline cartilage
packaging tissue with a jellylike matrix i. osseous tissue
__________7. forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the
ribs, and the embryonic skeleton
_________8. provides a flexible framework for the external ear
_________9. Firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and
smooth
_________10. matrix hard owing to calcium salts; provides levers for muscles to act on
_________11. insulates against heat loss
_________12. forms the walls of large arteries
Nervous Tissue
1. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons
________________________________________ _____________________________________
2. In what ways are neurons similar to other cells?
_______________________________________________________________________________
How are they structurally different? _________________________________________________
3. Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Muscle Tissue
The three types of muscle tissue exhibit similarities as well as differences. Check the appropriate space
in the chart to indicate which muscle types exhibit each characteristic.
Characteristic Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
Voluntarily controlled
Involuntarily controlled
Striated
Has a single nucleus in each cell
Has several nuclei per cell
Found attached to bones
Allows you to direct your eyeballs
Found in the walls of the stomach, uterus, and arteries
Contains spindle-shaped cells
Contains branching cylindrical cells
Contains long, nonbranching cylindrical cells
Has intercalated discs
Concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole
Changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts
Tissue of the heart
Label and color the tissue types illustrated here and on the next page, and identify all structures
provided with leaders.
