Introduction

This document contains a collection of 20+ Python programs based on the concepts taught in Class

12.

These programs cover various topics such as basic algorithms, object-oriented programming (OOP),

data structures,

file handling, and libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib.

The programs are numbered for easy reference and demonstrate the core concepts required in

Class 12 computer science and informatics practices.

This is to certify that Pranjal Agarwal, a student of Class 12, has successfully completed the

development

of 20+ Python programs based on the curriculum for Class 12 Computer Science and Informatics

Practices.

The programs have been created to demonstrate proficiency in various programming concepts.
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers and mentors who guided me throughout

the process of learning Python programming. Their support and encouragement were instrumental

in completing this project.

Special thanks to my classmates and family members for their constant motivation.
Program 1: Prime Number Check

def is_prime(n):

if n <= 1:

return False

for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):

if n % i == 0:

return False

return True

print(is_prime(29))

Program 2: Fibonacci Series

def fibonacci(n):

fib_series = [0, 1]

for i in range(2, n):

fib_series.append(fib_series[-1] + fib_series[-2])

return fib_series

print(fibonacci(10))

Program 3: Sum of Digits

def sum_of_digits(n):

if n == 0:

return 0

return n % 10 + sum_of_digits(n // 10)

print(sum_of_digits(1234))

Program 4: Factorial Using Recursion

def factorial(n):

if n == 0:
 return 1

return n * factorial(n - 1)

print(factorial(5))

Program 5: Simple Calculator

def calculator(a, b, operation):

if operation == '+':

return a + b

elif operation == '-':

return a - b

elif operation == '*':

return a * b

elif operation == '/':

return a / b

print(calculator(10, 5, '+'))

Program 6: Count Vowels and Consonants

def count_vowels_consonants(string):

vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"

v_count = sum(1 for char in string if char in vowels)

c_count = len([char for char in string if char.isalpha() and char not in vowels])

return v_count, c_count

print(count_vowels_consonants("Hello World"))

Program 7: Reverse a String

def reverse_string(s):

return s[::-1]

print(reverse_string("hello"))
Program 8: Palindrome Checker

def is_palindrome(s):

return s == s[::-1]

print(is_palindrome("radar"))

Program 9: Sorting a List

def sort_list(lst):

return sorted(lst)

print(sort_list([4, 3, 1, 2]))

Program 10: Remove Duplicates from List

def remove_duplicates(lst):

return list(set(lst))

print(remove_duplicates([1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]))

Program 11: Frequency Counter in List

from collections import Counter

def frequency_counter(lst):

return Counter(lst)

print(frequency_counter([1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]))

Program 12: File Read and Write

def read_write_file():

with open('input.txt', 'r') as infile, open('output.txt', 'w') as outfile:

data = infile.read()

outfile.write(data)

# Note: Ensure 'input.txt' file is present.

Program 13: Word and Line Count in File

with open(filename, 'r') as file:

lines = file.readlines()

word_count = sum(len(line.split()) for line in lines)

return len(lines), word_count

print(count_words_lines("input.txt")) # Note: Ensure 'input.txt' file is present.

Program 14: Student Class

class Student:

def __init__(self, name, age, grade):

self.name = name

self.age = age

self.grade = grade

student1 = Student("John", 16, 'A')

print(student1.name, student1.age, student1.grade)

Program 15: Bank Account Class

class BankAccount:

def __init__(self, owner, balance=0):

self.owner = owner

self.balance = balance

def deposit(self, amount):

self.balance += amount

def withdraw(self, amount):

if amount > self.balance:

return "Insufficient funds"

self.balance -= amount
account1 = BankAccount("Alice", 1000)

account1.deposit(500)

print(account1.balance)

Program 16: Stack Implementation

class Stack:

def __init__(self):

self.items = []

def push(self, item):

self.items.append(item)

def pop(self):

return self.items.pop()

stack = Stack()

stack.push(1)

stack.push(2)

print(stack.pop())

Program 17: Binary Search

def binary_search(arr, target):

left, right = 0, len(arr) - 1

while left <= right:

mid = (left + right) // 2

if arr[mid] == target:

return mid

elif arr[mid] < target:

left = mid + 1

else:
 right = mid - 1

return -1

print(binary_search([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 3))

Program 18: Array Creation and Manipulation

import numpy as np

array = np.array([1, 2, 3])

print(array * 2)

Program 19: Line Plot Example

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

y = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

plt.plot(x, y)

plt.xlabel('X-axis')

plt.ylabel('Y-axis')

plt.title('Line Plot')

plt.show()

Program 20: Matrix Multiplication in NumPy

import numpy as np

def matrix_multiplication():

A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

B = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]])

result = np.dot(A, B)

return result

print(matrix_multiplication())