Nebiyu Hussein 1960's

Meaning in
the 1960s
Addis
Ababa
Modern
Architecture.
Nebiyu Hussein
UGR/9057/13
Theory of Architecture II
Instructor : Ephrem
"Meaning in the 1960s Addis Ababa Modern Architecture."
In this essay, we'll explore how the architectural landscape of Addis Ababa
during the 1960s reflected cultural, social, and political contexts.
The 1960s was a trans-formative period for Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia.
As the city embraced modernization, its architecture underwent significant
changes. Here are some key points to consider:
1. Historical Background:
Ethiopia, under Emperor Haile Selassie's rule, aimed to position itself as a
modern African nation.
The decade witnessed rapid urbanization, infrastructure development, and
architectural experimentation.
2. Architectural Influences:
Addis Ababa drew inspiration from various sources, including international
modernism, indigenous traditions, and religious symbolism.
Architects grappled with the tension between embracing global trends and
preserving Ethiopian identity.
How?
1) Integration of Traditional Forms:
Theory: Semiotics explore how signs and symbols convey meaning. In architec-
ture, symbols can evoke cultural, historical, or spiritual significance.
Application:
Case Study: The Holy Trinity Cathedral (built in the 1950s and completed in the
1960s) exemplifies this. Its octagonal shape symbolizes eternity, and the
stained-glass windows depict biblical narratives. Analyze how these symbols
contribute to the cathedral's meaning.
Architectural Review:
The Holy Trinity Cathedral, completed in

the 1960s, stands as a significant religious
and architectural landmark in Addis
Ababa.
Its octagonal shape symbolizes eternity,
and the use of stained glass windows
adds a spiritual dimension.
The interior space is grand, with high
ceilings and intricate detailing.
However, some critics argue that the
fusion of modernist elements with tradi-
tional Ethiopian motifs could have been
more seamless.
2) Symbolism and Meaning:
Theory: Regionalism emphasizes context-specific design that reflects local culture

and climate.
Application:
Case Study: The Africa Hall (constructed in 1961) served as the headquarters for
the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. Explore how its design incor-
porates Ethiopian elements (such as the circular motifs) while adhering to modern-
ist principles.
Africa Hall, designed by Italian architect

Arturo Mezzedimi, serves as the headquar-
ters for the United Nations Economic
Commission for Africa.
Its circular form represents unity and col-
laboration among African nations.
The building’s facade features repetitive
patterns, reminiscent of Ethiopian woven
textiles.
Critics appreciate its functional layout but
note that the exterior lacks the visual
impact of other landmarks.
3) Functionalism and Social Purpose:
Theory: Functionalism prioritizes utility and purpose in design.

Application:
Case Study: The National Bank of Ethiopia Building (completed in 1965) housed the
central bank. Analyze how its functional layout and use of materials align with its
institutional purpose
The National Bank of Ethiopia Building,

designed by Zeleke Belay, embodies
modernist principles.
Its clean lines, functional layout, and use
of local stone convey stability and institu-
tional strength.
Some critics find the facade austere,
lacking decorative elements.
However, its role as a financial institution
aligns well with the design’s purpose.
Overall Impression: A pragmatic and solid
structure for financial operations.
4) Urban Planning and Public Space:
Theory: Urban planning shapes the city's fabric and influences social interactions.
Application:
Case Study: Meskel Square (a central public space) underwent redesign during
this period. Discuss how its layout, monuments, and symbolism reflect the aspira-
tions of a modern capital
Meskel Square underwent redesign

during the 1960s to accommodate
traffic and public gatherings.
Its central obelisk pays homage to
Ethiopia’s ancient history.
Critics appreciate the open space
but note that the square lacks
shade and greenery.
The monument’s simplicity contrasts
with the bustling surroundings.
Overall Impression: A functional
urban space with historical reso-
nance.
5) Materiality and Craftsmanship:
Theory: Material choices and craftsmanship impact architectural meaning.

Application:
Case Study: The Addis Ababa University Main Library (completed in 1966) show-
cases local stone and wood craftsmanship. Explore how these materials contrib-
ute to the building's identity.
The university library, designed by

Yoseph Bereded, showcases local stone
craftsmanship.
Its facade features geometric patterns
and terracotta tiles.
Critics praise its integration of indige-
nous materials but suggest that the inte-
rior could be more inviting.
The library’s role as an intellectual hub
aligns with its design.
Overall Impression: A scholarly haven
with a nod to Ethiopian heritage.
Michael Tewodros: Architect in 1960s Addis Ababa
Background Information
Michael Tewodros was a prominent

architect based in Addis Ababa during
the 1960s.
Architectural Style
Michael Tewodros was known for his

unique blend of modernist and tradi-
tional Ethiopian architectural styles.
Significant Projects
He designed several iconic buildings in

Addis Ababa that still stand today,
showcasing his architectural prowess.
The well known is the former Foreign
Affairs minister office.

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Meaning in

The Holy Trinity Cathedral, completed in

Theory: Regionalism emphasizes context-specific design that reflects local culture

Africa Hall, designed by Italian architect

3) Functionalism and Social Purpose:

Theory: Functionalism prioritizes utility and purpose in design.

The National Bank of Ethiopia Building,

Meskel Square underwent redesign

5) Materiality and Craftsmanship:

Theory: Material choices and craftsmanship impact architectural meaning.

The university library, designed by

Michael Tewodros was a prominent

Michael Tewodros was known for his

He designed several iconic buildings in

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