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Assignment On Scattering

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59 views4 pages

Assignment On Scattering

Uploaded by

shimnathasnim01
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

SREE SANKARA COLLEGE, KALADY

Assignment on Identical Particles and Theory of Scattering

SECTION A

1. Explain differential scattering cross-section with an example.

2. Define differential scattering cross section and total cross section. Give
their units.

3. What is scattering amplitude? How is it related to differential cross


section?

4. Obtain the expression for differential scattering cross-section in terms


of scattering amplitude.

5. What are partial waves?

6. What is the basic idea in partial wave analysis?

7. In partial wave analysis, we need consider partial waves only up to kr0


where r0 is the range of the potential. Why?

8. What do you mean by zero energy scattering?

9. What is resonance scattering? Give an example.

10. Define scattering length. How is it related to the zero energy cross
section?

11. Explain the optical theorem.

12. What is phase shift? What is the nature of the phase shift in the case
of repulsive and attractive potentials.

13. Give the first order Born amplitude for scattering by a central potential.

14. What is the relevance of Green’s function in scattering theory?

1
15. Discuss the validity of the Born approximation.

16. Explain Ramsauer-Townsend effect

17. Write down the Breit-Wigner formula for elastic scattering.

18. Show that the symmetry character of a wave function does not change
with time.

19. Explain how symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions are con-
structed from the solutions of the Schrödinger equation of a system of
indistinguishable particles.

20. Explain Pauli’s exclusion principle.

21. What is a Slater determinant? How does it incorporate Pauli principle.

22. What are singlet and triplet states?

23. What are ortho helium and para helium? Why ortho helium has some-
what lower energy than that of para helium in the excited states?

24. Explain why the ground state of helium exists in the para form whereas
the excited states come in both forms.

25. The energy of a state does not depend on the spin wave function. Why?

SECTION B

1. Prove that the eigen values of the particle exchange operator are ±1.

2. N non-interacting bosons are in an infinite potential well of width a.


Find the ground state energy of the system.

3. N non-interacting fermions are in an infinite potential well of width a.


Find the ground state energy of the system.

4. Show that for a system of two identical particles of spin S, there are
(S + 1) (2S + 1) states which are symmetric under spin interchange and
S (2S + 1) states that are anti-symmetric under spin interchange.

5. Show explicitly that the Slater determinant of two fermions is anti-


symmetric.

2
6. Use the symmetrization postulate for fermions to derive the Pauli ex-
clusion principle.

7. Show that it is impossible to construct a completely anti-symmetric


spin function for three electrons.

8. Discuss the conditions for the validity of Born approximation.

9. Calculate the scattering amplitude and scattering cross section corre-


sponding to the central potential V (r) = rα2 where α is a constant.

10. Calculate the differential cross section in the first Born approximation
for the Yukawa potential.

11. Calculate the differential cross section in the first Born approximation
for a Coulomb potential.(Obtain Ruthrford scattering formula).

12. Show that an attractive potential leads to a positive shift whereas a


repulsive potential lead to a negative phase shift.

13. Discuss the S-wave scattering from a hard sphere using partial wave
analysis.

14. Discuss the S-wave scattering from an attractive spherical well of depth
a using partial wave analysis.

15. Establish the expansion of a plane wave in terms of an infinite number


of spherical waves.

16. Obtain the relation between scattering amplitude and differential cross
section.

17. State and prove the optical theorem in scattering.

18. Consider the scattering by a central potential. Show that the expres-
sions for scattering amplitude in the Born approximation and the par-
tial wave analysis are equivalent.

19. Show that an attractive potential leads to a positive phase shift whereas
a repulsive potential leads to a negative phase shift.

3
20. Show that in a scattering experiment, if the Hamiltonian is invari-
ant under rotation, the scattering amplitude is independent of the az-
imuthal angle φ. Why it can not be independent of θ?

21. Show that in a scattering experiment, if the Hamiltonian is invariant


under rotation,in the limit of the incident energy approaching zero, the
scattering cross section is independent of θ.

22. Show that if the scattering potential has a translation invariance prop-
~ where R
erty, V (~r) = V (~r + R), ~ is a constant vector, then scattering
amplitude in the Born approximation is non zero only if ~q · R ~ = 2πn,
where n is an integer.

23. An attractive spherical potential well is defined by V = −V0 forr <


a; V = 0 for r > a. Find the condition for δ0 = π.

24. Prove that,


q for scattering from a real spherically symmetric potential,
σ ≤ k dσ(0)
4π
dΩ
dσ
, where σ the total scattering cross section and dΩ is the
differential cross section.

SECTION C

1. Obtain an estimate of the ground state energy of the Helium atom by


treating it as a system consisting of two fermions.

2. Describe the method of partial waves in calculating the scattering am-


plitude for the case of spherically symmetric potential and obtain an
expression for the total scattering cross-section.

3. Discuss the Born approximation.Obtain an expression for differential


cross section in the Born approximation. Discuss the validity of the
Born approximation.

4. Discuss the S-wave scattering from an attractive spherical well of finite


depth. Explain resonance and derive the Breit-Wigner formula.

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