ORGANIZING SOCIETY Kinship

- Family ties are also called kinship, a

Social Institution “social bond based on common
- It “consists of all the structural ancestry, marriage, or adoption”
components of a society through (Macionis 2012: 418)
which the main concerns and - A more traditional understanding of
activities are organized, and social kinship follows the idea that persons
needs are met”. In addition to this, who extend duties and privileges to
there is also a tradition of the study one another on the basis of
of institutions as constraining. consanguinity or blood relations are
- Douglass North defines institutions considered members of the same kin
as “humanly devised constraints that group.
structure, political, economic and
social interactions” Ritual Kinship
- refers to ritual parent-child relations
such as the godparent-godchild
FAMILY, KINSHIP, MARRIAGE AND THE relationship established through the
HOUSEHOLD baptism ceremony of Roman
Catholics. In the Philippines, this is
Family
called the compadre system.
- is a social institution found in all
societies that unites people in STATE INSTITUTIONS
cooperative groups to care for one
another, including any children. 1. Executive Branch
- It is comprised of the President and
Nuclear Family the Vice President who are chosen
- is a family composed of one by direct popular vote and fulfill a
or two parents and their term of six years. The Constitution
children. It is also known as a grants the President authority to
conjugal family. appoint his Cabinet. These
Extended Family departments form a large portion of
- is a family composed of the country’s bureaucracy.
parents and children as well 2. Legislative Branch
as other kin. It is also known - It can make laws, alter, and reverse
as a consanguine family. them through the power bestowed in
Reconstituted Family the Philippine Congress. This
- is a family whose composition institution is divided into the Senate
and form of emotional care and the House of Representatives.
differ from those of the 3. Judicial Branch
nuclear or extended family. - It maintains the power to resolve
Transnational Family disputes concerning rights that are
- as one with core members legally demandable and enforceable.
living in at least two This branch decides whether there
nation-states. has been a serious abuse of
 judgment amounting to lack or human beings also aim for goods
excess of authority on the part and and services which can be attained
instrumentality of the government. It through help from the many or
is made up of a Supreme Court and known as collective effort (Santarita
lower courts. & Madrid, 2016). This makes
economic activity essential in a
human's life because it can influence
the complexity of society and the
character of its cultural and social
life.
FORMS OF REDISTRIBUTION AND
EXCHANGE OF PRODUCTS
1. Reciprocity
- Transaction between two socially
TYPES OF AUTHORITY
equal parties having the same status
a. Traditional Authority with regards to values of goods or
- a type of leadership in which the services.
authority of a ruling regime is largely Types of Reciprocity
tied to tradition or custom.
a. Generalized Reciprocity
- In sociology, the concept of
- A form of transaction which
traditional authority comes from Max
utilizes gestures that
Weber 's tripartite classification of
expresses personal
authority.
relationships than economic
b. Rational Legal Authority
transactions.
- also known as rational authority, legal
b. Balance Reciprocity
authority, rational domination, legal
- In this form of transaction, the
domination, or bureaucratic authority
giver is expected to gain
- is a form of leadership in which the
something in return although
authority of an organization or a
it does not have to be given
ruling regime is largely tied to legal
instantly.
rationality, legal legitimacy and
c. Negative Reciprocity
bureaucracy.
- This transaction is being
c. Charismatic Authority
practiced using deceiving
- Based on your influence and
ways to gain profit. In this
appearance
form of transaction,
ECONOMIC AND NON STATE individuals involved try to
INSTITUTION gain as much as conceivable
while paying the least amount
Economic Institutions possible.
- Human beings are driven to satisfy 2. Redistribution
their basic necessity which includes - The process by which products
food, water and shelter however produced from the community is sent
 to a place where they are stored, production or distribution of goods or
counted, and later distributed back to services. Cooperatives are usually
the people. operated by farmers or consumers
3. Market Exchange for their mutual benefit.
- The price of the transactions of
deliverables and services are 4. Trade Unions
supposedly governed by the rules of - also known as labor unions
supply and demand. - consist of workforces who have
NON-STATE INSTITUTION come together to attain mutual goals
like protecting the integrity of its
1. Banks trade, improving safety standards,
- A bank is a financial institution that achieving higher pay and benefits
receives deposits from the public like health care, and retirement.
and generates credit.
5. Transnational Advocacy Groups
Types of Banks - Organizations that are devoted to
a. Commercial/ Retail Banks manipulating political, economic,
- Manage withdrawals and social, and institutional decisions
deposits as well as supplying across country borders.
short-term loans to a person
and small-scale businesses. 6. Development Agencies
b. Invested Banks - These are independent organizations
- A bank that purchases large whose goals are to help develop and
holdings of newly issued support economic growth especially
shares and resells them to for the poor and marginal portion of
investors. the society. So, they may have
c. Insurance and Companies opportunities for income and decent
- Offers insurance policies to employment.
the public either by selling
them directly to a person or 7. International Governmental
through an employer’s Organizations
benefit plan. - It refers to a grouping established by
states and are based on treatise,
2. Corporations have formal structures, and meet at
- A corporation is a legal unit that is regular intervals.
distinct from its owners. Moreover, a - Ex: ASEAN
corporation has the right to enter
contracts, loan and borrow money, 8. International Non - Governmental
hire employees, own assets, and pay Organizations
taxes. - Transcend borders in pursuit of a
common cause.
3. Cooperatives
- Cooperatives are jointly owned
enterprises engaging in the