Homework 1

Trương Hoàng Danh-2310423-L05

Ngày 14 tháng 1 năm 2024

Section 1.1
Exercise 8
a) I didn’t buy any lottery ticket this weekend.
b) Either I did buy a lottery ticket or I won a million dollar jackpot.
c) I bought a lottery ticket only if I won the million dollar jackpot.
d) I bought a lottery ticket and (then) I won a lottery.
e) If I bought a lottery ticket this week, then I won the million dollar jackpot, and conversely.
f) I did not win the jackpot whenever I did not buy the ticket.
g) I did not buy any ticket and did not win the jackpot.
h) Either I did not buy the ticket or I did and won the jackpot.

Exercise 9
a) It is not allowed to swim at the New Jersey shore.
b) Swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed and Sharks have been spotted near the shore.
c) It is not allowed to swim at the New Jersey shore or sharks have been spotted near the shore.
d) If swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed, then sharks have never been spotted near the shore.
e) If sharks have never been spotted near the shore, then swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed.
f) If swimming at the New Jersey shore is not allowed, then sharks have never been spotted near the shore.
g) If swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed, then sharks have never been spotted near the shore, and con-
versely.
h) Swimming at the New Jersey shore is not allowed, and either swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed or
sharks have never been spotted near the shore.

Exercise 11
a) p ^ q
b) p ^ ␣q
c) ␣p ^ ␣q

d) q _ p
e) p Ñ q
f) pp _ qq ^ pp Ñ ␣qq
g) p Ø q

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Exercise 12
a) If you have the flu, then you miss the final examination.

b) Not miss the exam is s necessary and sufficient for you to pass the course.
c) If you miss the exam, then you not pass the course.
d) You have the flu, or pass the exam, or pass the course.
e) Either if you have the flu, then you failed the course or if you miss the exam, then you failed the course.

f) Either you have the flu and miss the exam or you do not miss the exam and pass the course.

Exercise 15
a) r ^ ␣p
b) ␣p ^ q ^ r
c) r Ñ pq Ø ␣pq
d) ␣q ^ ␣p ^ r

e) pq Ñ p␣r ^ ␣pqq ^ ␣pp␣r ^ ␣pq Ñ qq

f) pp ^ rq Ñ ␣q

Exercise 16
a) True
b) False
c) True

d) False

Exercise 17
a) False
b) True
c) True
d) True

Exercise 36
a) Truth table:
p q r p_q pp _ qq _ r
T T T T T
T T F T T
T F T T T
T F F T T
F T T T T
F T F T T
F F T F T
F F F F F

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b) Truth table:
p q r p_q pp _ qq ^ r
T T T T T
T T F T F
T F T T T
T F F T F
F T T T T
F T F T F
F F T F F
F F F F F

c) Truth table:
p q r p^q pp ^ qq _ r
T T T T T
T T F T T
T F T F T
T F F F F
F T T F T
F T F F F
F F T F T
F F F F F

d) Truth table:
p q r p^q pp ^ qq ^ r
T T T T T
T T F T F
T F T T F
T F F T F
F T T T F
F T F T F
F F T F F
F F F F F

e) Truth table:
p q r p_q ␣r pp _ qq ^ ␣r
T T T T F F
T T F T T T
T F T T F F
T F F T T T
F T T T F F
F T F T T T
F F T F F F
F F F F T F

f) Truth table:
p q r p_q ␣r pp _ qq _ ␣r
T T T T F T
T T F T T T
T F T T F T
T F F T T T
F T T T F T
F T F T T T
F F T F F F
F F F F T F

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Exercise 37
a) Truth table:
p q r ␣q ␣q _ r p Ñ p␣q _ rq
T T T F T T
T T F F F F
T F T T T T
T F F T T T
F T T F T T
F T F F F T
F F T T T T
F F F T T T

b) Truth table:
p q r ␣p qÑr ␣p Ñ pq Ñ rq
T T T F T T
T T F F F T
T F T F T T
T F F F T T
F T T T T T
F T F T F F
F F T T T T
F F F T T T

c) Truth table:
p q r ␣p pÑq ␣p Ñ r pp Ñ qq _ p␣p Ñ rq
T T T F T T T
T T F F T T T
T F T F F T T
T F F F F T T
F T T T T T T
F T F T T F T
F F T T T T T
F F F T T F T

d) Truth table:
p q r ␣p pÑq ␣p Ñ r pp Ñ qq ^ p␣p Ñ rq
T T T F T T T
T T F F T T T
T F T F F T F
T F F F F T F
F T T T T T T
F T F T T F F
F F T T T T T
F F F T T F F

e) Truth table:
p q r ␣q pØq ␣q Ø r pp Ø qq _ p␣q Ø rq
T T T F T F T
T T F F T T T
T F T T F T T
T F F T F F F
F T T F F F F
F T F F F T T
F F T T T T T
F F F T T F T

f) Truth table:

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 p q r ␣p ␣q ␣p Ø ␣q qØr p␣p Ø ␣qq Ø pq Ø rq
T T T F F T T T
T T F F F T F F
T F T F T F F T
T F F F T F T F
F T T T F F T F
F T F T F F F T
F F T T T T F F
F F F T T T T T

Exercise 37
a) 11000 ^ p01011 _ 11011q “ 11000 ^ 11011 “ 11000

b) p01111 ^ 10101q _ 01000 “ 00101 _ 01000 “ 01101

c) p01010 ‘ 11011q ‘ 01000 “ 10001 ‘ 01000 “ 11001
d) p11011 _ 01010q ^ p10001 _ 11011q “ 11011 ^ 11011 “ 11011

Exercise 37
Truth value for "Fred is not happy" is: 0.2
Truth value for "John is not happy" is: 0.6

Section 1.2
Exercise 6
u Ñ pb32 ^ g1 ^ r1 ^ h16 q _ pb64 ^ g2 ^ r2 ^ h32 q

Exercise 7
a) q Ñ p
b) q ^ ␣p

c) q Ñ p
d) ␣q Ñ ␣p

Exercise 19
A is a knight and B is a knave.

Exercise 36
a) John did it. Carlos and Diana’s statement are contrary to each other so one of them is telling the truth. If
Carlos tells the truth, then Diana and John did it, which is not possible. So Diana telling the truth is the only
possibility, which makes John become the one doing it.
b) Carlos did it. Carlos and Alice’s statement can not be true at the same time, so one of them is lying. That
Alice is lying makes Carlos and Diana’s statement have a contrast, so Alice is telling the truth and Carlos did
it.

Exercise 37
The second room has the lady. Because the second statement has to be true or else both statements are true. So
the first statement is false makes the lady in the second room.

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Exercise 38
The Japanese owns the zebra and the Norwegian drinks water.

Exercise 39
There is 1 honest senator and 49 corrupt senators. Because if there are more than 1 honest senator and randomly
pick 2 from 50 senator, none of 2 is corrupt become possible.

Exercise 40
a) ␣p _ ␣q
b) ␣pp _ p␣p ^ qqq

Exercise 41
a) ␣pp ^ pq _ ␣rqq

b) p␣p ^ ␣qq _ pp ^ rq

Exercise 42

Section 1.3
Exercise 43
With any compound proposition, we can make a truth table and find an logically equivalent proposition in disjunctive
normal form to it. As the equivalent proposition only contain ␣, ^, and_ this shows that ␣, ^, and_ form a
functionally complete collection of logical operators.

Exercise 47
The proposition ␣pp ^ qq is true when either p or q, or both, are false, and is false when both p and q are true;
since this was the definition of p | q, the two are logically equivalent.

Exercise 49
The proposition ␣pp _ qq is true when both p and q are false, and is false otherwise; since this was the definition
of p Ó q, the two are logically equivalent

Exercise 54
There is one possibility that p is true and q and r are false. Then p | (q | r) is false and (p | q) | r is true.

Exercise 59
When p is false, r, q, and s are true, 9 disjunctions are true simultaneously.

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Exercise 61
a) This statement is satisfiable.

b) This statement is unsatisfiable.

c) This statement is unsatisfiable.

Explain concept
True, truth, valid, correct: a state of logic proposition means accurate. Example: 1 ` 1 “ 2 is true.
Fallacy, contradiction, paradox, counterexample: a state of logic proposition means false. Example: 1 ` 1 “ 3 is
false.
Premise, assumption, presumption, axiom, hypothesis, conjecture: an action or a willingness to accept something
as true without question or proof. Example: The plan was based on the assumption that the schedule could be
substantially speeded up by adding more people.
Tautology: a statement that is always true. Example: A ` 0 “ A
Satisfiable: a statement that is has at least 1 result value is true. Example: p ^ q.
Contradiction: a statement that is always false. Example: 2 ` 4 “ 9
Contingency are true in some cases and not true in others. Example: Today is monday.
Inference,argument, reasoning: a logical form consisting of a function which takes premises, analyzes their syntax,
and returns a conclusion (or conclusions). Example: pp ^ qq Ñ r.
Variable: input(s) of a proposition(s). Example: p is Variable of the proposition p ^ q.
Arity: the number of argument that a function can take. Example: the arity of p ^ q is 2.

1 References
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://math.stackexchange.com/