Kind of Evidence

1. Statistical Evidence
2. Testimonial Evidence
3. Anecdotal Evidence
4. Analogical Evidence

Kind of Evidence -Description -Examples

1. Statistical Evidence- strongest type of evidence -number, percentage, survey data

2. Testimonial Evidence -claims made by witnesses -claims from celebrities, experts, and authorities

3. Anecdotal Evidence -dismissed as untrustworthy and meaningless -storytelling

4. Analogical Evidence- weakest evidence -conclusions based on comparisons

Directions:
Choose the letter that corresponds to the type of evidences given. Write your answer on the space
provided

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before each number.

A. Statistical Evidence B. Testimonial Evidence C. Anecdotal Evidence D.

_______1. Studies show that handwashing practices could cut the rate of respiratory infections by more
than 20%.

_______2. According to WHO, about16 million girls between ages 15-19 and around 1 million girls under 15
give birth each

year.

_______3. Studies show that the use of technology increases self-efficacy.

_______4. The Philippine poverty rate decreased from 23.3% in 2015 to 16.7% in 2018 and is expected to
decline further in the

following years.

_______5. I have seen my classmate struggle from discrimination. It breaks my heart to see people mistreat
them because they

look different. We must stop discrimination and start looking at each other equally.

_______6. This weight loss product is very effective. I have been only using for weeks and I can already see
the results.

_______7. I have seen people not following health protocols who regretted in the end.

_______8. This toothpaste brand will make your teeth whiter and your breath fresher.

_______9. I know a person who was penalized by disobeying traffic rules and regulations.

_______10. Forty-nine million individuals will be added to the country’s population by 2010-2045
representing an average annual growth rate of 1.21 percent.

Exchanging ideas is a part of everyday life as one socially mingles with others. Thus, you make
arguments on a regular basis. This does not refer to quarreling or causing conflict with others but
the act of communicating one’s perspective and point of view to others opening up opportunities
for discussion of ideas. Usually noted as synonymous, argument and opinion are actually two
different notions. While an opinion is a personal claim that does not necessarily require support
and certain qualities, an argument on the other hand is a claim that needs to be worth making,
valid, sound, logical, and must be provided with reasonable, relevant, and sufficient support.
An argument tries to convince us that something is true. Keep in mind that an argument to be
considered one has to consist of: 1) conclusionand 2) premise. The conclusion is the idea we are
convinced to believe,
and premise is the support or reason showing that the conclusion is true.
An argument may be supported with more than one premise.
The boy’s argument can be analyzed this way:
Conclusion
“Social media platforms bring a lot of benefits…”

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Premise
“…because it makes communication and information dissemination a lot easier.”

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Identify the type of fallacy of the given statements. Write the letter of your answers on the
blanks.
A. hasty generalization B. post hoc C. slippery slope D. appeal to authority
____1. Kathryn’s little sister was playing with building blocks. When Kathryn passed by, she
happened to sneeze and the blocks tumbled down. Her sister came running to their mom crying,
telling that her sister ruined the palace she was trying to build.
____2. If I fail in English 101, I won’t be able to graduate. If I don’t graduate, I probably won’t be
able to get a good job, and I may very well end up being jobless for the rest of my life.
____3. That local literary artist is a Nobel Prize winner. His opinion on the renovation of the old
town library cannot be disregarded.
____4. Shiela is on a vacation and decided to visit another country. Upon arriving at the airport,
she tried asking a local about directions on going to her accommodation. The man ignored her.
She was convinced that the locals there are snobs to other nationalities.
____5. My grandmother doesn’t know how to use a laptop. On the other hand, my grandfather
doesn’t use the family computer unless I am there to assist him. Old people are not computer
literate.
____6. Mia’s older brother failed to graduate last semester because he got addicted to mobile
gaming. Therefore, their parents strictly limited Mia’s use of gadgets and even refrained from
buying her a cellphone on her birthday in the fear that she will become like her older brother.
____7. If parents would go abroad to work, their children wouldn’t be guided well. They are going
to make decisions without close parental advice or consent. Consistently doing so would make
their lives go astray.
____8. Our basketball team had been on a losing streak. Ever since I wore the new shoes my dad
has given me, we started winning every game we participated in. They are my lucky shoes!

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____9. I woke up with my stomach aching and noticed it’s colder than any other morning. The
drop in temperature might have caused my stomachache.
____10. If I eat chocolate today, I would eat one again tomorrow. I would probably allow myself to
eat chocolate the next days. Then, I would crave for more sweets like cookies and cake and won’
be able to stop myself. My diet would be ruined. I’ll get obese in a matter of days.
Read the sentences carefully and determine whether the statement is true or false. On the
blanks, write YES if the statement is true and NO if it is false.
____1. The premise is the idea we are convinced to believe while conclusion is the support or
reason showing that the premise is true.
____2. There is no difference between an argument and an opinion.
____3. Hasty generalization is a fallacy committed when making assumptions about a whole
group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate or not enough.
____4. Examples of premise indicators are “therefore”, “hence”, and “thus”.
____5. Not all valid arguments are sound

Week 1: Relevance is how appropriate something is to what is being said at a given time.
Truth is something that has been proven by facts or sincerity.
Tips on How to Spot Factual or Truthful Information
1. CONSIDER THE SOURCE. Investigate the site you are viewing or reading.
2. READ BEYOND. Headlines can be outrageous in an effort to get clicks, so you should focus on
the whole
story. You have to read and look for details such as statistics, date, name, etc.
3. CHECK THE AUTHOR. Do a quick search on the author to find out if they are real and credible.
4. VERIFY SUPPORTING SOURCES. Determine if the given information actually supports the story.
5. CHECK THE DATE. Reposting old news stories does not mean they’re relevant to current
events. It should
be updated.
6. CHECK YOUR BIASES. Consider if your own beliefs could affect your judgement.