1

Multiplication Tables 1 through 12

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132
12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144

Note: The numbers in bold type are the squares of the numbers at the top of the table.

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 Fundamental Math Practice

Table of Contents

Chapter I. Properties of Numbers 4

Chapter II. Parts of Numbers I (Fractions and Decimals) 8

Chapter III. Parts of Numbers II (Percents, Ratios and Proportions) 34

Chapter IV. Exponents and Roots 43

Chapter V. Algebra I (Translations and Linear Equations 54

Chapter VI. Algebra II (Simultaneous Equations, Quadratic Equations) 66

Chapter VII. Geometry I (Points, Lines, Angles and Triangles) 71

Chapter VIII. Geometry II (Polygons, Circles) 74

Chapter IX. Geometry III (Coordinate and Solid Geometry) 84

Chapter X. Averages, Counting and Probability 87

Chapter XI. Word Problems 89

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7
Parts of Numbers I - Fractions and Decimals
To simplify fractions, check whether there is a common factor inn the numerator and
denominator, and then divide by that common factor.

×
Example: = =
×

Simplify the following fractions:

1a) 1b) 1c) 1d)

2a) 2b) 2c) 2d)

3a) 3b) 3c) 3d)

4a) 4b) 4c) 4d)

5a) 5b) 5c) 5d)

6a) 6b) 6c) 6d)

7a) 7b) 7c) 7d)

8a) 8b) 8c) 8d)

9a) 9b) 9c) 9d)

10a) 10b) 10c) 10d)

11a) 11b) 11c) 11d)

12a) 12b) 12c) 12d)

8
 6

9
10
4 1/6

11
12
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13
10

14
15
3
21

16
 52

17
3

7
12

2
2

7
33

18
Multiplication of Several Common Fractions
Note: When several common fractions are to be multiplied, it is important to cancel from
any numerator to any denominator.

Example: The 5 and the 20 cancel to be 1 and 4; the 7 and the 21 cancel to be 1 and 3; the 8
and the 24 cancel to be 1 and 3; the 2 and the 14 cancel to be 1 and 7. The 3/3 cancels to be
1, so the inal answer is 1/28.

× × × = × × × =

Solve the following problems:

1) × × × =

2) × × × =

3) × × × =

Answers:

1)

2)

3)

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21
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 56.2

24
25
Note: To multiply a number by a power of 10, just move the decimal point to the right by
the same number of places as there are zeros in the multiplier. If the number is a whole number,
place the same number of zeros to the right of the number.

Example: 3.6 x 100 = 360 (There are 2 zeros in 100, so move the decimal point two places to
the right. Fill in the blank(s) with zeros.

Example: 350 x 1000 = 350000 (Since there is no decimal point here, just insert the three
zeros from the number 1000 after the units' place in the number 350.)

Multiplying Numbers by 1000

26
400 89600 37550

8790 7000 30

53 41990 496

9100 963 8750

100 4 97300

60 50 800

10 7600 94300

80 6280 320

3950 58930 760

4 37700 30

20 6048 3000

800 271200 5660

28100 8200 56420

70 928 7595

40 900 9570

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Note: To divide decimal numbers by a power of 10, just move the decimal point to the
left the same number of places as there are zeros in the divisor. To divide a whole
number by a power of 10, put the decimal point after the units' digit and then move it to
the left the same number of places as there are zeros in the divisor.

Examples:

350 : 10 = 350. : 10 = 35.0 (There is one zero in the ten, so move the decimal point
one place to the left.)
35467 : 100 = 335467. : 100 = 354.67 (There are 2 zeros in 100, so move the

decimal point two places to the left.)

0.035 : 100 = 0.00035
Divide these Numbers by 100
3486 : 100 = 12.95 : 100 = 397 : 100 =
0.37 : 100 = 0.6 : 100 = 881.1 : 100 =
0.09 : 100 = 0.007 : 100 = 1.4 : 100 =
4.1 : 100 = 6.1 : 100 = 618.4 : 100 =
0.02 : 100 = 775 = 100 = 6.231 : 100 =
0.96 : 100 = 0.9 : 100 = 56.08 : 100 =
0.028 : 100 = 29.3 : 100 = 0.164 : 100 =
678.5 : 100 = 0.06 : 100 = 0.3 : 100 =

Answers
3486 : 100 = 34.86 12.95 : 100 = 0.1295 397 : 100 = 3.97
0.37 : 100 = 0.0037 0.6 : 100 = 0.006 881.1 : 100 = 8.811
0.09 : 100 = 0.0009 0.007 : 100 = 0.00007 1.4 : 100 = 0.014
4.1 : 100 = 0.041 6.1 : 100 = 0.061 618.4 : 100 = 6.184
0.02 : 100 = 0.0002 775 = 100 = 7.75 6.231 : 100 = 0.06231
0.96 : 100 = 0.0096 0.9 : 100 = 0.009 56.08 : 100 = 0.5608
0.028 : 100 = 0.00028 29.3 : 100 = 0.293 0.164 : 100 = 0.00164
678.5 : 100 = 6.785 0.06 : 100 = 0.0006 0.3 : 100 = 0.003

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Some Mental Arithmetic Shortcuts

 To multiply a number by 4, double that number and then double it

again.
Example: 16 x 4 = (16 x 2) = 32. (32 x 2) = 64

 To multiply a number by 5, multiply that number by 10 and then cut

the product in half.
Example: 5 x 32 = 320:2 = 160

 To multiply a number by 11, multiply that number by 10 and then add

that number to the product.
Example: 11 x 88 = 880 + 88 = 968

 To multiply a number by 101, multiply that number by 100, and then

add that number to the product.
Example: 101 x 43 = 4300 + 43 = 4343

 To multiply a number by 9, multiply that number by 10 and then

subtract that number from the product.
Example: 9 x 13 = 130 – 13 = 117

 To multiply a number by 99, multiply that number by 100, then

subtract that number from the product.
Example: 99 x 32 = 3200 = 32 = 3168

 To multiply a number by 15, multiply that number by 10 and then add

half of that product to the product itself.
Example: 15 x 42 = (10 x 42) + 1/2 (10 x 42) = 420 + 210 = 630
15 x 16 = 160 + 80 = 240

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  To multiply by a number close to a multiple of 10, write the number as
the closest multiple of 10 and add or subtract what is necessary to
get the original number. For example, since you can solve this
mentally, I use this example only to show the system, 7 x 101
becomes = (10-3) x 101. Then multiply both parts of the 7, the 10 –
3, by the 101, so in our example, 7 x 101, becomes (10-3) x 101 =
1010 – 303 = 707. This system is often very useful.
Examples: 38 x 90 = (40 - 2)x 90 = (40x90) – (2x90) = 3600 – 180 = 3420
47 x 20 = (50 – 3) x 20 = (50x20) – (3x20) = 1000 – 60 = 940
 To multiply a number by 25, multiply that number by 100 and then
divide the product by 4.
Example: 48 x 25 = (48 x 100):4 = 4800:4 = 1200.
Examples: Multiply Mentally
1) 4 x 18
2) 35 x 4
3) 5 x 38
4) 50 x 98
5) 11 x 38
6) 11 x 302
7) 101 x 47
8) 101 x 890
9) 9 x 49
10) 9 x 450
11) 99 x 56
12) 15 x 480
13) 15 x 1260
14) 49 x 70
15) 88 x 25
16) 1680 x 25
Answers:
1) 72 2) 140 3) 190 4) 4,900
5) 418 6) 3,322 7) 4,747 8) 89,890
9) 441 10) 4,050 11) 5,544 12) 7,200
13) 18,900 14) 3,430 15) 2,200 16) 42,000

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If you were revlewlng arithmetic before you begin the actual course, you have
finished the preliminary part of your review.
Now you should start (or wait for the start of) the actual course.

Parts of Numbers II - Percents, Ratios and Proportions

Percentage Problems
la. What is 200% of72? 1 b. What percent of 48 is 84?

2a. 20% of a certain number is 11.

What is the number? 2b. 21 is what percent of 14?

3a. What is 125% of 16? 3b. 150% of what number is 21?

4a. What percent of S is 8? 4b. What is 175% of 48?

Sa. 250% of a certain number is 15.

What is the number? Sb. What number is 150% of 118?

6a. What is 180% of 130?

6b. Find a number so that 250% of it is
35.

7a. 110% of a certain number is 77.

What is the number? 7b. What percent of 50 is 53?

Sa. I 20% of a certain number is 6.

What is the number? Sb. 194% of what number is 97?

9a. 220% of a certain number is 308.

What is the number? 9b. What percent of 36 is 72?

IOa. What percent of20 is 50? 1 Ob. What is 250% of 46?

I la. 250% of what number is 345?

1 lb. 175% of'a certain number is 91.
What is the number?

12a. Find a number so that 150% of it is 171. 12b. Find a number so that 250% ofit is 70.

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35
36
37
Yes

38
39
40
41
42
In other words, a negative exponent means that the number moves position: if it is in the numerator,
as in the first problem in the note above, then move it to the denominator (without the minus sign)
and if it is in the denominator, move it to the numerator.

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45
46
47
48
After you have memorized the table of squares, this page should take only a few minutes. (If
(+4)2 or (-4)2 = 16, then the square root of 16 is +4, or = +4. Note: All square roots
are positive)
Finding the Square Root of Perfect Squares

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These problems have numbers that are not perfect squares, but have factors that are perfect squares.
The correct answers will have a whole number multiplied by a square root of another number.

For example:

Simplifying Square Roots

(Note: Some problems below cannot be simplified.)

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52
 More Simplifying Square Root Problems

Answers:
1a) 49 2b) -3 4a) 24 5b) 21
1b) 16 3a) 8 4b) 17 6a) 5
2a) 4 3b) 7 5a) 7 6b) 100

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Algebra I

Translate the following phrases into mathematical expressions.

Answers:
1. The sum of a number and ten 1) x + 10
2. Eighteen more than a number 2) x + 18
3. Five less than a number 3) x - 5
4. The product of a number and three 4) 3x
5. The difference between a number and seven 5) x - 7
6. The difference between seven and a number 6) 7 - x
7. Two more than a number 7) x + 2
8. Sixteen less than twice a number 8) 2x - 16
9. Five times the sum of a number and four 9) 5(x+4)
10. Three times the difference between a number and one 10) 3(x-1)
11. The quotient of a number and six 11) x/6
12. Two-thirds of a number 12) (2/3)x or 2x/3
13. Eight more than twice a number 13) 2x + 8
14. The difference between a number and eight, divided by ten 14) (x-8)/10
15. Three more than the sum of a number and four 15) (x+4)+3
16. Double the difference between a number and seven. 16) 2(x-7)
17. Nine less than the product of a number and two 17) 2x-9
18. The quotient of two and three more than a number 18) 2/(x+3)
19. The product of triple a number and 5 19) (3x)5
20. Sixteen less than the sum of three and a number 20) (3+x)-16

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56
+

57
 +

58
+

59
60
51+101-1

61
62
+

63
+ -

64
100

-72

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Absolute Value Equations to solve:

3/4, 1/6 , -7 1/2

8 12, 12/5
-1, -31 19. x=180 +|10| 20. x=80N+|8N|

67
 -32

3325

68
No real number answer.

No real number answer.

32

\/3, -\/3

3325

16, -16

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 Answers

4x2 - 17x +15

4x2 - 20x + 16

6x2 + 16x + 10

12x2+ 6x - 6

2x2 + 3x - 5

20x2 + 28x + 8

3x2 - 9x + 6

12x2 + 11x + 2

15x2 + 29x + 12

9x2 - 3x - 6

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Geometry I - Points, Lines, Angles, and Triangles

Instructions: Find all angle measurements using the angle given.

L L

105o
R tvl a R a

92o
s p s p
N N

0 0

L l

M a
R 129 o a

s p
s p
N

R a
R a

$ p
s p

0
0

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72
 Answers:

Perimeter = 18 cm

Area = 12 cm2

Perimeter = 16 cm

Area = 10.5 cm2

Perimeter = 22 cm
Area = 11 cm2

3 Perimeter = 11 cm
Area = 3 cm2

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Geometry II: Polygons and Circles:
Find the area of the following polygons. All measurements are in cm, and the areas are in cm2

1 4
3
6

2
1
5
2

6
4
9 1

Answers:
1) 3 4) 10
2) 24 5) 54
3) 2 6) 4

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Find the areas of the following trapezoids.

All measurements are in cm, and the areas are in cm2

4 3

8
10

11
11

8 7

4 3
2
3

13 2
3
7 10

Answers:

1) 75 4) 12.5
2) 56 5) 63
3) 22 6) 18

75
1) 2)

4)
3)

2
5

Answers:
1) P = 28; A = 49
2) P = 12; A = 6
3) P = 7 + \/13 + \/10 ; A = 10.5
4) P = 6 + \/13; A = 4.5

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 b = 3, h = 4 b = 5, h = 7 b = 4, h = 5

20

1) 6
2) 17.5
3) 10
4) 70
5) 12
6) 84
7) 33

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Find the area of each regular polygon below. Leave your answers in the simplest radical form.
The center of each polygon is marked where necessary by a dot.
(The formula for area of a REGULAR Polygon is 1/2 of the apothem multiplied by the perimeter.)

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Answers:

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Find the area of these trapezoids. (The area of a trapezoid is
A = 1/2 (base1 + base2) x height.)

Find the area each rhombus and kite. The formula for the area of a
rhombus or kite is A=1/2 (d1)(d2) where d is the diameter.

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Find the area of these trapezoids. Remember the rules for special triangles.

12

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Answers

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Geometry II: Angles and Arcs in Circles

1) Given: Tangent AC y
M at h Com poser 1. 1. 5
ht t p: / / www. m at hcom poser . com

arc y = 200o

Find angle x.

x
M at h Com poser 1. 1. 5
A C
2) Given: Tangent AC y
ht t p: / / www. m at hcom poser . com

Arc y = 4a
Arc z = 2a

Find angle x.

z x
A C
3) Given: Diameter AB
M at h Com poser 1. 1. 5

C
ht t p: / / www. m at hcom poser . com

B
Chord CD
Arc m = 120o
Arc z = 30o m

Find angle x. x
A
z D
M at h Com poser 1. 1. 5

4) Given: Diameter AB x
ht t p: / / www. m at hcom poser . com

C
Chord CD
AB  CD y
x = 3y
A B
Answers:
Find arc y. 1) 80o
2) 120o
D 3) 45o
4 45o

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84
 3, 1

8
-8, -4 - -1, -7

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more than the first.

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Videos R US keeps a record of how many movies are rented on each day of the week:.

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Word Problems Set 2:
1. 2 m2 of soil containing 35% sand was mixed into 6 m2 of soil containing 15% sand.
What is the sand content of the mixture?
2. 8 kilos of mixed nuts containing 40% peanuts were mixed with 5 kilos of another kind of mixed
nuts that contain 60% peanuts. What percent of the new mixture is peanuts?
3. 5 fl. oz. of an 14.8% alcohol solution was mixed with 11 fl., oz. of a 66% alcohol solution.
Find the concentration of the new mixture.
4. 16 kilos of Brand M Cinnamon were made by combining 12 kilos of Indonesian
cinnamon which costs $19/kilo with 4 kilos ofThai cinnamon which costs $11/kilo.
Find the cost per kilo of the mixture.
5. Emily mixed together 9 liters of Brand A fruit drink and 8 liters of Brand B fruit drink
which contains 48% fruit juice. Find the percent of fruit juice in Brand A if the mixture
contained 30% fruit juice.
6. How many mg of a metal containing 45% nickel must be combined with 6 mg. of pure
nickel to form an alloy containing 78% nickel?
7. How much soil containing 45% sand do you need to add to 1 m3 of soil containing 15%
sand in order to make a soil containing 35% sand?
8. 9 liters of a sugar solution was mixed with 6 liters of a 90% sugar solution to make an
84% sugar solution. Find the percent concentration of the first solution?
9. A metallurgist needs to make 12.4 lb. ofan alloy containing 50% gold. He is going to
melt and combine one metal that is 60% gold with another metal that is 40% gold. How
much of each should he use?
l 0. Brand X sells 21 gm. bags of mixed nuts that contain 29% peanuts. To make their
product they combine Brand A mixed nuts which contain 35% peanuts and Brand B
mixed nuts which contain 25% peanuts. How much of each do they need to use?
11. Working alone, Ryan can dig a 10 ft by 10 ft hole in 5 hours. Castel can dig the
same hole in six hours. How long would it take them if they worked together?
12. Sean can pour a large concrete driveway in six hours. Dan can pour the same
driveway in seven hours. Find how long it would take them if they worked
together.
13. It takes Trevon 10 hours to clean an attic. Cody can clean the same attic in
seven hours. Find how long it would take them if they worked together.
14. Working together, Paul and Daniel can pick forty bushels of apples in 5 hours.
If he had done it alone, it would have taken Daniel 9 hours. Find how long it
would take Paul to do it alone.
15. Working together, Jenny and Natalie can mop a warehouse in 6 hours. If she
had done it alone, it would have taken Natalie 14 hours. How long would it take
Jenny to do it alone?

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Answers:
1) 20%
2) 50%
3) 50%
4) $17/lb.
5) 14%
6) 4mg.
7) 2 ft3
8) 80%
9) 6.2 lb. Of 60% gold; 6.2 lb. of 40% gold
1 O} 8.4 oz. of Brand A; 12.6 oz. of Brand B
11} 2 8/11 hours
12)3 3/13 hours
13) 2/17 hours
4
14} 11 1/4 hours
15) IO 1/2 hours

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Word Problems Set 3:
1. Find the value of two numbers if their sum is 12 and their difference is 4.
2. The difference between two numbers is 3. Their sum is 13. Find the numbers.
3. Flying to Kampala with a tailwind, a plane averaged 158 km/hr. On the return trip the
plane only averaged 112 km/hr while flying back into the same wind. Find the speed
of the wind and the speed of the plane in still air.
4. The school that Stefan goes to is selling tickets to a choral performance. On the first
day of ticket sales, the school sold 3 senior citizen tickets and 1 children's ticket for a
total of$38. The school took in $52 in the second day by selling 3 senior citizen
tickets and 2 children's tickets. Find the price of a senior citizen ticket and the price
of a children's ticket.
5. The sum of the digits of a certain two-digit number is 7. Reversing its digits increases
the number by 9. What is the number?
6. A boat traveled 210 miles downstream and back. The trip downstream took IO hours.
The trip back took 70 hours. What is the speed of the boat in still water? What is the
speed of the current?
7. The state fair is a popular field trip destination. This year the senior class at High
School A and the senior class at High School B both planned trips there. The senior
class at High School A rented and filled 8 vans and 8 buses with 240 students. High
School B rented and filled 4 vans and 1 bus with 54 students, All the vans had the
same number of students in them, and all the buses had the same number of students
in them. Find the number of students in each van and in each bus.
8. Matt and Marilyn are selling fruit for a school fundraiser, Customers can buy small
boxes of oranges and large boxes of oranges. Matt sole 3 small boxes of oranges and
14 large boxes of oranges for a total of $203. Marilyn sold 11 small boxes of oranges
and 11 large boxes of oranges for a total of $220. Find the cost of one small box of
oranges and of one large box of oranges.

Answers:
1. 4 and 8 5. 34
2. 8 and 5 6. Boat= 12 mph; Wind= 9 mph
3. Plane: 135 km/hr.; wind: 23 km/hr. 7. Van = 8 students; Bus = 22 students
4. Children's ticket - $14; 8. Large box of oranges= $ I 3; Small
Senior citizen's ticket - $8. box of oranges - $7.

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Word Problems Set 4:

1. If 5 boxes of mints costs $20.50, how much will 7 boxes ofmints cost?
2. Find the cost of 10 notebooks, if3 notebooks cost $1.98.
3. In a mixture of gold and platinum, 500 ounces of gold were required to make 1500
ounces of the mixture. How much platinum was required to make 2250 ounces of the
mixture?
4. Game wardens use experiments to help determine the number of fish in a lake. Suppose 20
fish are caught, tagged, and released back into the lake. Two weeks later 60 fish are caught,
of which 2 are found to have tags. Using this information, estimate the number of fish in the
lake.
A. 600 B. 18 c. 78 D. 1200
5. Ina random sample of 500 customers at a fast food restaurant, it was determined that
190 customers ordered a salad. If the restaurant typically has 900 customers per day,
how many of these customers will probably order a salad?
6. A new movie opened the other day. So far, 500,000 people have seen it. The producers
of the movie need to know if the people liked it. They ask 5,000 random people who
saw the movie and 3,500 enjoyed the movie. Predict the total number of people that
enjoyed the movie.
7. A survey indicated that 8 out of 9 doctors used Brand X aspirin. If 4500 doctors were
surveyed, how many used Brand X?
8. If 3 boxes of raisins cost $12.60, how much will 8 boxes of raisins cost?
9. According to Ohm's Law, the electric current I, in amperes, in a circuit varies directly
as the voltage, V. When 30 volts are applied, the current is 3 amperes. What is the
current when 80 volts are applied?
IO. Sheila wanted to buy shoes and socks and waited until there were sales in the stores.
She liked a pair of shoes that were marked down by 20% from NIS 250, and then
marked down again by 10%. The socks were reduced by 10% from NIS 20, and then
reduced again by 20%. How much did Sheila pay when she bought the shoes and
socks?
Answers:
1. $28.70 2. $6.60 3. 750 oz. 4. A 5. 342
6. 350,000 7. 4,000 8. 33.60 9. 8 10. NIS 194.40

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