Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies

School of Engineering & Technology

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCIENCES

(4.5PH100C00: PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS)

Assignment Unit 1 - Semiconductor and Devices

S. No Questions CO BTL

1 In what respect insulators differ from semiconductors. What is the order CO-1 L1
of resistivity of conductor, semiconductor and insulator.
2 Recall two physical properties of semiconductors. CO-1 L1

3 Explain the type of bonding in a pure semiconductor crystal. What CO-1 L2

physical properties are associated with it.
4 What is the nature of charge on n-type and p-type semiconductors. Is the CO-1 L1
semiconductor positively charged, negatively charged or neutral in
nature?
5 Name three semiconductors along with the values of their band gap. CO-1 L1

6 Why is direct band gap semiconductor used in LEDs? CO-1 L2

7 Classify direct and indirect band gap semiconductors. Give two examples CO-1 L2
of each.
8 Give two examples each of compound semiconductors and organic CO-1 L1
semiconductors.
9 Draw the Fermi levels in intrinsic semiconductor, n-type semiconductor CO-1 L2
and p-type semiconductor.
10 CO-1 L4

11 How does Fermi level vary with temperature for n-type and p-type CO-1 L2
semiconductors?
12 Write a short note on Occupation probability CO-1 L3

13 Derive an expression for the carrier concentration in an intrinsic CO-1 L3

semiconductor.
14 How traps affect the photoconductivity of semiconductors. CO-1 L2

15 Draw and explain the energy band diagrams for unbiased, forward biased CO-1 L2
and reverse biased pn-junction.
16 What is a light-emitting diode? What determines the color of an LED? CO-1 L2
Classify different materials used for fabrication of LEDs in visible range.
17 Discuss the principle, construction and working of a Light emitting diode. CO-1 L3

18 Write a short note on drift and diffusion of charge carriers in CO-1 L2

semiconductors
19 Interpret and analyze the construction and working of pn-junction CO-1 L3
photodiode. Discuss its disadvantages.
20 Discuss the working of PIN photodiode. CO-1 L3

21 With the help of suitable diagram describe the construction and working CO-1 L3
of solar cell.
22 What is Hall Effect? Derive an expression for Hall coefficient (Hall CO-1 L3
resistance). Discuss some important applications of Hall Effect.
23 Briefly describe hot point probe method for finding the type of CO-1 L3
semiconductor sample.
24 In the Hall effect, the electric field is in X-direction and the velocity is in CO-1 L1
Y-direction. What is the direction of the magnetic field?
25 If f(E) = 0.2 at 300K and fermi energy of a metal is 3.2eV, find the CO-1 L4
energy at 300K. (Ans: 3.235eV)
26 Calculate the intrinsic concentration of charge carriers at 300 K given that CO-1 L4
𝑚𝑒∗ = 0.12 𝑚0 , 𝑚ℎ∗ = 0.28 𝑚0 and the value of band gap = 0.67 eV.
Ans. 2.3407 x 1018 m-3/.
27 In a LED the active material used is AlGaN with a band gap of 4.5 eV. CO-1 L4
Find out the wavelength of light emitted. (Ans: 0.276 µm.)

28 Fermi energy of intrinsic semiconductor is 0.6 V. The low-lying energy CO-1 L4

levels in conduction band is 0.2eV above the Fermi level. Calculate the
probability of occupation of this level by an electron at room temperature.
(Ans: 0.04%)
29 The carrier concentration in n-type semiconductor is 5x1028 atoms per CO-1 L4
m3. Find the Hall coefficient?

30 The Hall coefficient for a specimen is 3.66 x 10-4 m3 C-1. If the resistivity CO-1 L4
of specimen is 8.93 x 10-3 Ohm-m, calculate the mobility and
concentration of charge carriers.
 Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies
School of Engineering & Technology
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCIENCES

(4.5PH100C00: PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS)

Assignment Unit 2 – Elementary Idea of Quantum Physics

S. No Questions CO BTL
1 What is Planck’s quantum hypothesis? CO-2 L2
2 What do you understand by a black body? CO-2 L2

3 Explain the concept of Wave packet. CO-2 L2

4 Why is wave nature of particle not observed in our daily CO-2 L2
experience?
5 What do you mean by normalized wave function? CO-2 L2
6 Write Fermi Dirac distribution formula. CO-2 L1
7 Which statistics is obeyed by electrons? CO-2 L1
8 What are shortcomings of classical physics? Discuss briefly the CO-2 L2
origin of quantum theory.
9 Write short note on Planck’s hypothesis. CO-2 L2
10 What is photoelectric effect? Give an account of the CO-2 L3
photoelectric emission of the electrons. Give Einstein’s
interpretation for the same.
11 What is Compton Effect? Derive an expression for the change CO-2 L4
in wavelength of a photon when it is scattered by an electron.
Calculate the maximum change in wavelength in a Compton
scattering experiment.
12 What are matter waves? Derive an expression for de-Broglie CO-2 L3
wavelength.
13 Show that group velocity and wave velocity are same in a non- CO-2 L2
dispersive medium.
14 Explain group velocity and phase velocity. CO-2 L2
15 Derive the expressions for Schrodinger time independent and CO-2 L4
time dependent wave equations.
16 Write the Schrodinger wave equation for a free particle in a CO-2 L4
one dimensional box. Determine the energy Eigen states and
the Eigen values for the same.
17 Differentiate between Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistic. CO-2 L2

18 What is the energy of gamma ray photon having wavelength 1 CO-2 L4

Å?
19 De-Broglie wavelength of an electron is 73 Å. What is its CO-2 L4
velocity?
20 Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength associated with a proton CO-2 L4
moving with a velocity equal to 1/20 of the velocity of light.
21 Find the wavelength associated with an electron subjected to a CO-2 L4
potential difference of 1.26 kV.
22 What voltage must be applied to an electron microscope to CO-2 L4
produce electrons of wavelength 0.50 Å?

23 What is the work function of a metal if the threshold CO-2 L4

wavelength for it is 580nm? If light of 475nm falls on the
metal, what is its stopping potential?
24 The photo-electric threshold wavelength for a certain metal is CO-2 L4
6000 Å. Find the energy of the photoelectrons emitted from
the surface by light having frequency 61014 sec-1.
25 X-rays with energy of 500 keV undergo Compton CO-2 L4
scattering with a target. If the scattered X-rays are detected at
300 relative to the incident X-rays, determine
the Compton shift at this angle, the energy of the scattered
X-ray, and the energy of the recoiling electron.
26 X- Rays of wavelength 1.60 Å are scattered from a thin Al foil. CO-2 L4
Scattered X – rays are observed at an angle 60o from incident
beam. Calculate the wavelength of scattered X-rays and kinetic
energy of recoil electron.
27 Calculate the ground state energy of an electron confined to a CO-2 L4
box 1 Å wide.
 Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies
School of Engineering & Technology
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCIENCES

(4.5PH100C00: PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS)

Assignment Unit 3 – Laser and Optical Fibres

S. No Questions CO BTL

1 Expand the term LASER CO-3 L1

2 Explain the importance of meta-stable states in laser. CO-3 L2

3 Explain why Si and Ge are not used for semiconductor laser. CO-3 L2

4 How is population inversion achieved in Laser? CO-3 L2

5 Mention the main components of a laser device? CO-3 L1

6 Write the applications of laser in industries and medical field. CO-3 L2

7 Mention the wavelengths of the radiations emitted by He:Ne laser. CO-3 L2

8 Explain the principle of propagation of light in optical fiber. CO-3 L2

9 Sketch a labeled diagram of an optical fiber. CO-3 L2

10 Explain the function of different parts of an optical fibre. CO-3 L2

11 CO-3 L2
List some limitations of optical fibres.
12 List some materials used in the core of optical fibres. CO-3 L3

13 Differentiate between step index and graded index profile. CO-3 L3

14 Write some applications of optical fibres CO-3 L2

15 Differentiate between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission of CO-3 L2

radiation
16 Discuss Einstein’s coefficients. Derive the relations between them. CO-3 L3

17 Summarize the characteristics of a laser beam. CO-3 L3

18 Write a short note on population inversion and laser pumping CO-3 L2

19 Explain with neat diagram the principle, construction and working of a CO-3 L3
He-Ne laser.
20 Explain with neat diagram the construction and working of semiconductor CO-3 L3
laser.
21 Briefly explain the various applications of laser in medical science and CO-3 L3
industries.
22 Derive the expression for the Numerical Aperture of an optical fibre. CO-3 L3

23 Explain the following terms: CO-3 L3

(a) Numerical aperture (b) Acceptance angle (c) Acceptance cone.

24 Classify optical fibres on the basis of modes of propagation and index CO-3 L2
profile.
25 Differentiate between multimode step index and multimode graded index CO-3 L3
fibres.
26 Briefly explain the various applications of optical fibres in medical, CO-3 L3
industry and communication field.
27 A He-Ne laser emits a light of wavelength 6328 Å at 300 K. Calculate the CO-3 L4
ratio of population of two states. Given k = 1.38 X 10-23 J/K and h =
6.63 X 10-34 J.s (Ans: 10-33)
28 Calculate the NA and acceptance angle of optical fiber having core and CO-3 L4
cladding refractive index 1.62 and 1.52 respectively.
(Ans: NA=0.56 and 0= 34.06)

29 A light ray enters from air to a fiber. The refractive index of air, core and CO-3 L4
cladding are 1, 1.6 and 1.5 respectively. Find the critical angle and
Numerical Aperture. (Ans: NA=0.56 and = 69.64)

30 The Numerical aperture of an optical fiber is 0.5 and core refractive index CO-3 L4
is 1.54. Determine the refractive index of cladding. What would be the
fractional refractive index change? (Ans: µ2=1.456 and = 0.0542)

31 The Numerical aperture of an optical fiber is 0.2 and cladding refractive CO-3 L4
index is 1.59. Determine the acceptance angle for the fibre in water
which has a refractive index of 1.33. (Ans: 0= 8.6)
 Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies
School of Engineering & Technology
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCIENCES

(4.5PH100C00: PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS)

Assignment Unit 4 – Nanomaterials Characterization and techniques

S. No Questions CO BTL
1 What do you mean by nanoparticles? Classify nanomaterials and give CO4
examples for them.
L1
2 What are nanomaterials? Discuss the different approaches in building CO4
nanomaterials.
L1
3 What are the induced effects due to increase in surface area of CO4
nanoparticles?
L2
4 Give two reasons why the properties of a materials change at CO4
nanoscale?
L2
5 Write short note on self-assembly and positional assembly. CO4

L2
6 Explain various applications of nanomaterials in defense and CO4
automobile industry
L1
7 What are Quantum dot, Graphene and Fullerenes? CO4

L2
8 Explain Chemical Vapour Deposition and Molecular beam epitaxy CO4
methods to produce nanomaterials.
L2
9 List and discuss the Physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials. CO4

L1
10 CO4
Define carbon nanotube? What are the types of carbon nanotubes?
L2
11 Explain the synthesis methods of carbon Nanotubes: carbon arc CO4
method, Laser evaporation method
L2
12 Highlight the properties of carbon nanotubes. CO4

L1
13 Discuss the applications of carbon nanotubes. CO4
 L1
14 What are X-rays? How are they produced? CO4

L2
15 Why X-rays are used to detect crystal structure? CO4

L2
16 Recall four properties of X-rays CO4

L1
17 What is Bragg’s law? Derive Bragg’s law for X-ray diffraction. CO4

L3
18 Describe Bragg’s spectrometer and explain how it is used to analyze CO4
the crystal structure?
L3
19 Describe the Principle and working of Atomic Force Microscope CO4

L2
20 The angle of reflection of monochromatic X-rays for a crystal whose CO4
atomic spacing is 2.0A0 is 300. Calculate the wavelength of X-rays.
L3
21 Calculate the glancing angle at which the first and second order CO4
diffraction maxima will be observed when X-rays of wavelength 2A0
are reflected from a cleavage of calcite with interatomic distance (d) of L3
3.2A0.
22 Monochromatic X-rays of wavelength 1.5 A0 are incident on a crystal CO4
face having an inter-planer spacing of 1.5 A0. Find the various orders in
which Bragg’s reflection takes place. L3
23 Write short note on Raman Spectroscopy. CO4

L2
24 Discuss the formation of stoke and antistoke line in the Raman spectra CO4
with the help of suitable diagram.
L2
25 X-rays of wavelength 2 A0 incident on crystal with an glancing angle of CO4
2 . Calculate the interatomic spacing.
0

L3