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Module 1 Number System

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14 views

Module 1 Number System

Uploaded by

nwanalotannaedward
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NUMBER SYSTEM

 Meaning and examples of Natural numbers


 Meaning: positive whole numbers used in
counting.
 Examples; N= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,},
 They are a part of real numbers including
only the positive integers, BUT not zero,
fractions, decimals, and negative numbers.
 It is unobservable in real life
 It is the result of arithmetic operations
 Example; 1 – 2 = -1
 ‘N’ = {-1, -2, -3 ….}
 The set of natural numbers and Zero is called
a whole number
 Using W to represent this set, we can then
express it as W = {0, 1, 2, 3, …..}
 BUT not fractions, decimals, and negative
numbers.
 The set of whole numbers and the negative of
counting numbers constitute the set of
integers.
 That is, an integer is a number with no
decimal or fractional part.
 T = {…, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ….}
 Note that while addition, subtraction and
multiplication are defined on integers.
Division operation is not.
 the system that includes all fractions in which
m and n are integers and n is not zero
comprises the rational numbers.
 Rational numbers can also be written as
decimals.
 all integers are rational numbers.
 Rational numbers are closed under addition,
subtraction multiplication, and division.
 Any number that cannot be expressed as a
ratio of integers is called an irrational
number.
 Examples are √2 , ∏ and e.
 they can be expressed numerically only as the
approximation 1.414, 3.142 and 2.718
respectively.
 A real number is a decimal expression whose
digits may or may not terminate or repeat.
 Thus a real number is rational if and only if
their digits repeat or terminate.
 Real numbers that aren’t rational are
irrational.
 The set of real numbers is closed under
additional, subtraction, multiplication and
division.
 Property of Equality.
 Property of Addition and Multiplication
 Identity property
 Inverse Property
 Note that no real number when multiplied by
itself gives -1.
 Thus, the equation x2= -1 has no solution in
the real number system.
 The desire for a solution to the problem
stated above gave rise to the concept of
imaginary number.
 i = √-1,
 i2 = -1,
 i3 = -1√-1,
 i4 = 1,
 i5 = i
 The combination of real and imaginary
numbers give rise to complex numbers.
 Examples are;
 2+i
 -4 + 3i
 1 – 4i
 In general, the above expressions can be
written as ;
 Z = a + bi
 A is called the real part of Z, while bi is its
imaginary part.
 The four arithmetic operations can be
conducted on complex numbers
 The sum (Z1 +Z2) of two complex numbers
 Z1 = a1 + b1i and Z2 = a2 + b2i is Z1 + Z2
 = a1 + b1i +a2 +b2i
 = (a1 +a2 ) + (b1 + b2) i

 Example (8+2i ) + (5+3 i)


 = (8+5) + (2+3) i
 = 13 + 5i
 The difference (Z1 - Z2) between
 Z1 = a1 + b1i and Z2 = a2 + b2i is
 Z 1 - Z2
 = (a1 - a2 ) + (b1 - b2) i

 Example; (8+2 i) – (5+3 i)


 = (8-5) + (2-3)i
 =3-i
 The product (Z1 x Z2) of Z1 = a1 + b1i and
 Z2 = a2 + b2 i is

 Z1 x Z2 = (a1 + b1i)(a2 + b2 i )
 = a1a2 + a1b2i +b1ia2 + b1b2i2
 = (a1a2 - b1b2) +(a1b2 +b1a2 ) i
 NB; i2 = -1
 The quotient (Z1/ Z2 ) of two complex
numbers Z1 = a1 + b1i and Z2=a2+b2i where
Z ≠ 0 is such a number p+qi such that
(a2 +b2i)(p+ qi) = a1 + b1i . We can find p + q
as follows:
  
 i  i  i
p  q1  a b   a b  a b 
1 1 1 1 1 1

a  b i  a  b i   a  b i 


2
2
2
2
2
2

a a  b b  b a  a b i
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

a b
2 2
2 2

a a b b  b a  a b
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

a b a b
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2

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