Week1

Q1:What is the concept of the globalisation? What is the concept of the global
factory?
Concept of Globalization: Globalization is the growing connection and
interdependence between countries through trade, technology, and cultural
exchange.
Concept of the Global Factory: The global factory is the practice of spreading
production processes across various countries to use local advantages, like
lower costs and specialized skills.
Q2:Discuss the characteristics of globalization.
Increased international trade and investment
Spread of technology and innovation
Greater cultural exchange
Movement of people and capital across borders
Q3:What facilitates globalization within nations?
Economic policies promoting free trade
Improved transportation and communication infrastructure
Supportive legal and regulatory frameworks
Education and Innovation: A skilled workforce and investments in innovation
help nations remain competitive in the global economy.
Q4:What are the national and international drivers of globalisation?
National: Trade policies, economic reforms, technology adoption
International: Trade agreements, global financial institutions, multinational
corporations
Q5:How does the internet affect international business activity and the
globalization of the world economy?
Access to Global Markets: E-commerce and online marketing
Improved Communication: Faster and cheaper interactions
Increased Competition: Easier entry for international firms
Q6:“Ultimately, the study of international business is no different from the
study of domestic business.Thus, there is no point in having a separate course
on international business.” Evaluate this statement
Statement: Studying international business is distinct because it involves
complexities like cross-border regulations, d iverse markets, and cultural
differences, unlike domestic business.
Q7:“The study of international business is fine if you are going to work in a
large multinational enterprise, but it has no relevance for individuals who are
going to work in small firms.” Evaluate this statement.
Statement: International business knowledge is relevant even for small firms,
as they can benefit from global opportunities, face international competition,
and engage in global supply chains.
Q8:Describe the changing nature of the global economy
Shift: From manufacturing-focused to service-oriented and technology-driven
Emergence: Growth of emerging markets and increased digital economy
Q9:Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization.
Positive: Economic growth, innovation, and poverty reduction
Negative: Inequality, cultural erosion, and environmental issues
Q10:mpacts of Globalization
Management: Need for global strategies and cross-cultural skills
Strategy: Emphasis on international markets and global supply chains
Individuals: Increased career opportunities but also greater competition and
cultural adjustment
Q1:Globalization has enabled organizations to reduce their costs of production
by
A:differentiating material culture the world over.
B:setting up barriers to cross-border trade.
√C:creating manufacturing units in developing countries.
D:turning national economies into self-contained entities

Q2：Was created in 1944 by 44 nations that met in Bretton Woods, New

Hampshire, to promote economic development.

√a) World Bank

b) International Trade Center

c) World Trade Organization

d) United Nations

Q3: Which action was implemented in the Uruguay Round, finalized in

December 1993?

a) Reduction in the protection for patents, trademarks, and copyrights

√b) Establishment of the World Trade Organization

c) Extension of the GATT to cover consumer products

d) Enhancement of trade barriers

 Week2
Q1:What are the 3 levels of societal culture? What are the major influences of
societal culture?
Values :Ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable.
Norms: Social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in
particular situations.
Society: A group of people sharing a common set of values and norms.
Learned Side: People learn and adapt to cultural norms through experience
and training.
Biological Side: Culture affects reactions to differences, impacting physical,
mental, or emotional well-being.
Q2:Explain the concept of social stratification. What are the four basic
principles on which social stratification is based? Why the stratification of a
society is important to business.
Concept: The way society is organized into different layers based on factors
like wealth, power, and status.
Four Basic Principles:
It is a trait of society, not just individuals.
It persists over generations.
It is universal but variable.
Involves not just inequality but also beliefs.
Importance to Business: Affects consumer behavior, labor market dynamics,
and management practices
Q3:Describe the four/five dimensions of culture as identified by Geert
Hofstede. Hofstede’s work on cultural values and ways of differentiating
cultures is useful, what is the caveat?
Dimensions:
Power Distance: Degree of inequality accepted.
Individualism vs. Collectivism: Preference for individual vs. group benefits.
Masculinity vs. Femininity: Preference for achievement vs. care.
Uncertainty Avoidance: Comfort with uncertainty and ambiguity.
Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation: Focus on future rewards vs. immediate
results.
Caveat: Hofstede’s work may not fully capture intra-country cultural diversity
and may be outdated.
Q4:What are the implications of cultural differences for the companies and
managers of Global Factories? Examples will assist.
· Management: Need to adapt management styles to local cultures.
· Examples: A factory in Japan might emphasize teamwork and hierarchy,
while one in the U.S. might focus on individual initiative and flexibility.
Q5:What does research evidence suggest as the best method of implementing
business practice?
Research Suggests: Adapt practices to local cultures and environments for
better results.
Q6:Discuss why the culture of a country might influence the cost of doing
business in that country. Illustrate your answer with country and company
examples.
In countries with high uncertainty avoidance, like Japan, companies face strict
regulations and detailed procedures. In contrast, in countries with lower
uncertainty avoidance, like the Netherlands, businesses experience more
flexibility and openness to new ideas. Adapting to these differences helps
companies operate smoothly in various environments.
Q7:Do you think that business practices in an Islamic country are likely to
differ from business practices in a Christian country? If so, how? If not, why?
Islamic countries might emphasize Sharia compliance and ethical practices,
while Christian countries might have different ethical standards and practices.
Q8:Why is the role of education in a culture important to international
companies?
· Skills: Enhances worker abilities.
· Productivity: Increases efficiency.
· Innovation: Encourages new ideas.
· Adaptability: Helps with new technologies.
· Advantage: Provides a competitive edge.
Q9:Choose two countries that appear to be culturally diverse (e.g., Japan and
USA). Compare the culture of those countries and then indicate how cultural
differences influence (a) the costs of doing business in each country, (b) the
likely future economic development of that country, and (c) business
practices.
Comparison of Cultures:
Countries: Japan and the USA
Cultural Differences:
Japan: Collectivist, high power distance, long-term orientation.
USA: Individualist, low power distance, short-term orientation.
Influences:
(a) Costs of Doing Business:
Japan: Higher costs due to hierarchical management and strict business
practices.
USA: Lower costs with more flexible management and less bureaucracy.
(b) Future Economic Development:
Japan: Focus on long-term growth, innovation, and stability.
USA: Emphasis on rapid innovation and short-term results, which can drive
fast economic changes.
(c) Business Practices:
Japan: Emphasizes consensus, loyalty, and detailed planning.
USA: Focuses on individual achievement, quick decision-making, and
adaptability.
Q10 ： What are the implications of cultural differences for international
businesses?
Communication: Misunderstandings may arise due to different communication
styles and norms.
Management: Leadership and decision-making styles need to adapt to local
practices and expectations.
Marketing: Marketing strategies must be tailored to fit local tastes and cultural
preferences.
Negotiations: Negotiation approaches vary; businesses must understand local
practices to effectively close deals.
Workplace Dynamics: Team interactions and hierarchies can differ, impacting
collaboration and productivity.
Legal and Ethical Standards: Compliance with local laws and ethical norms is
crucial to avoid conflicts and build trust.
Q11 ：As a someone who has been doing business in Brazil for several years,
what advice would you give to a coworker who is meeting with prospective
business clients in São Paulo for the first time?
Respect Local Etiquette: Greet with a firm handshake, use formal titles, and
dress professionally.
Build Relationships: Take time to establish personal connections and show
genuine interest in the client’s business and culture.
Understand Market Dynamics: Research the local market trends and consumer
preferences to tailor your pitch and demonstrate relevance.
Be Punctual: Arrive on time for meetings, but be prepared for some flexibility
in scheduling.
Follow-Up: Send a follow-up message or email to reinforce your commitment
and recap key points from the meeting.
Q12:Culture is not a constant but evolves over time. As countries become
economically stronger, cultural change is particularly common. Justify your
argument.
Economic growth can change values and behaviors. As people earn more,
they adopt new lifestyles, focus on different priorities, and this affects their
culture.
Lifestyle Changes: More money leads to new ways of living, like better
housing and leisure activities.
New Priorities: As people become wealthier, they focus more on education and
personal growth.
Tech Adoption: Access to new technology changes how people live and
interact.
Cultural Exchange: Economic growth increases contact with other cultures,
bringing in new ideas and practices.
Value Shifts: Wealthier societies may value individual success and quality of
life more.

Question13: A typical American value is an expectation that people have a

right to live the way they want. Values are defined as:

a) The routine conventions of everyday life.

b) √b) Ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable.
c) c) Norms that are central to the functioning of a society and to its social life.
d) d) The social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in
particular situations.

Q14:Which scenario exemplifies a folkway?

√a) Nellie's family makes a point to sit down to dinner together every night.

b) Max loves living in the United States because the society values individual
freedom and democracy.

c) Joe periodically overinflates his expense account: if he gets caught, he will

most likely get fired.

d) When Luis traveled to Japan, he was surprised to see how much their
culture values family.

Q15:What disadvantage is a result of a high degree of managerial mobility

between companies?

√a) Loss of loyalty and commitment to an individual company

b) Executives are not exposed to different ways of doing business

c) Decrease in entrepreneurship

d) Stagnation of the economy

Q16: It has been argued that the success of Japanese enterprises in the global
economy has been based partly on the:

a) Consolidation of self-managing work teams

b) b) Compartmentalization of different functions within Japanese companies
c) c) High degree of managerial mobility between companies
d) √d) Cooperation between a company and its suppliers on issues such as
design, quality control, and inventory reduction

Q17: Hofstede's masculinity versus femininity dimension examined:

a) The extent to which different cultures socialized women into tolerating

uncertainty.

√b) The relationship between gender and work roles.

c) The cultural changes resulting from women's liberation movements.

d) The impact of education on the gender roles attributed to men and women.

Week3
Q1. What is a country’s Political, legal, & economic systems? Why are these
systems
important to international businesses?

Political System: The structure and processes of government and political

institutions.

Legal System: The laws and regulations that govern business and personal
conduct.
Economic System: The method a country uses to manage resources,
production, and distribution (e.g., market economy, command economy).

Importance: These systems affect how businesses operate, the stability of

their investments, and their legal and economic risks.

Q.2 Discuss collectivism. What ideals does the philosophy support? Where did
the
philosophy start? How does collectivism exist in the modern world?
Ideals: Emphasizes group goals and collective well-being over individual
interests.
Origins: Originated from traditional Asian philosophies and communist
ideologies.
Modern Existence: Seen in countries with strong social safety nets and state-
controlled economies, like China.
Q.3 Discuss individualism. Explain the key positions of the philosophy, it roots,
and
its role in the modern economy.
Key Positions: Prioritizes individual rights and self-reliance over group goals.
Roots: Originates from Enlightenment thinking in Western countries.
Modern Role: Promotes personal freedom, entrepreneurship, and market-
driven economies.
Q4: Compare and contrast the four forms of totalitarianism.
Communist Totalitarianism: State controls all aspects of life (e.g., China).
Theocratic Totalitarianism: Religious leaders control the state (e.g., Iran).
Military Totalitarianism: Military controls the government (e.g., Myanmar).
Fascist Totalitarianism: Authoritarian state with extreme nationalism (historical
examples).
Comparison: All involve centralized control and lack of political freedoms.
Differences lie in their sources of authority and methods of control.
Q5: What is a country’s legal system? Why is it important to international
businesses?
Legal System: The framework of laws and regulations that govern business
operations.
Importance: Affects how businesses comply with laws, resolve disputes, and
protect intellectual property.
Q:6 What factors contribute to the attractiveness of a country as a market or
investment site?
Factors: political stability,economic stability, legal environment, infrastructure,
labor costs, and,Market size.
Q7: Free market economies stimulate greater economic growth, whereas
state-directed economies stifle growth. Discuss.
Free market economies stimulate growth by encouraging competition and
innovation.
State-directed economies may stifle growth due to lack of competition and
inefficiency in resource allocation.
Q8: What determines the level of economic development of a nation?
Determining Factors: GDP per capita, infrastructure, education, health care,
and technological advancements.
Q9: What is the relationship between corruption in a country (i.e., government
officials taking bribes) and economic growth? Is corruption always bad?
Relationship: Corruption can hinder economic growth by creating inefficiencies
and discouraging investment.
Not Always Bad: In some cases, corruption might provide short-term benefits
or be a symptom of deeper issues.
Q10: Innovation and Entrepreneurship are the engines of long- term Growth.
Explanation: Innovation and entrepreneurship drive economic progress by
creating new products, services, and technologies.
Q11: Read the Management Focus “Did Walmart Violate the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act?” What is your opinion? If you think it did, what do you think the
consequences will be for Walmart?
If Walmart paid bribes to officials in Mexico to bypass legal procedures and
speed up store openings, it would likely be a violation of the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act (FCPA). The FCPA specifically bans U.S. companies from offering
bribes to foreign officials to gain unfair business advantages.
Consequences:
Fines: Walmart could face large financial penalties.
Legal Issues: They might deal with legal actions and investigations.
Reputation Damage: Their reputation could suffer, leading to a loss of
customer trust and business partnerships.
Overall, these issues could harm Walmart’s business not just in Mexico but
globally, affecting their long-term success and market position.
Q12: What is the relationship among property rights, corruption, and
economic progress? How important are anticorruption efforts in the effort to
improve a country’s level of economic development?
Progress:
Property Rights: Secure property rights encourage investment and economic
growth.
Corruption: High corruption weakens property rights, increases business costs,
and deters investment, slowing economic progress.
Importance of Anticorruption Efforts:
Attract Investment: Reducing corruption attracts both domestic and foreign
investors.
Ensure Fair Practices: Anticorruption promotes fair competition, which drives
innovation and economic development.
Q13: You are a senior manager at a U.S. automobile company with the job of
deciding whether to invest in production facilities in China, Russia, or
Germany. These facilities will serve local market demand. Evaluate the
benefits, costs, and risks associated with doing business in each nation. Given
your answer here, which country seems to be the most attractive target for
investment? Why?

China:

Benefits:

o Large Market: China has a vast and growing consumer base, making it an
attractive market for automobile sales.
o Low Labor Costs: Manufacturing in China can be cost-effective due to lower
wages compared to Western countries.
o Growing Economy: China’s rapidly expanding economy offers potential for long-
term growth.

Risks:

o Regulatory Challenges: Navigating China’s complex regulatory environment can

be difficult, with frequent changes in laws and regulations.
o Political Stability: While relatively stable, the political environment can be
unpredictable, especially with government intervention in business.
o Intellectual Property Concerns: There are ongoing concerns about the
protection of intellectual property in China.

Russia:

 Benefits:

o Natural Resources: Russia has abundant natural resources, which can be

advantageous for industries requiring raw materials.
o Strategic Location: Russia’s location provides access to both European and Asian
markets.

 Risks:

o Political Instability: The political climate in Russia is uncertain, with potential

risks from government actions and sanctions.
o Corruption: High levels of corruption can increase operational costs and create
difficulties in doing business.
o Economic Volatility: Russia’s economy is heavily reliant on oil and gas, making it
vulnerable to global price fluctuations.

Germany:

Benefits:
 o Stable Economy: Germany has a strong, stable economy with a well-established
legal and business environment.
o Skilled Workforce: Germany is known for its highly skilled labor force,
particularly in engineering and manufacturing.
o Advanced Infrastructure: The country offers excellent infrastructure, supporting
efficient production and distribution.

Costs:

o Higher Labor Costs: Labor in Germany is more expensive compared to China and
Russia, which can increase production costs.
o Regulatory Compliance: Germany has strict regulations, especially in
environmental and labor standards, which can add to operational costs.

Most Attractive Investment: Germany

 Reasoning: Germany’s stability, strong legal system, and skilled workforce make it the
most attractive option. While the costs may be higher, the reliability and long-term
benefits of operating in a stable, developed market outweigh the risks associated with
China and Russia. Germany’s strong economic base and established automotive industry
also provide a solid foundation for future growth.

Q14: The political, economic, and legal systems of a country raise important
issues that have implications for the practice of international business.
Discuss benefits, costs, risks, and overall Attractiveness of Doing Business
Internationally
Benefits:
New Markets: Access to larger customer bases and diversified revenue.
Resources: Opportunities for cheaper labor and materials.
Competitive Edge: Leveraging global supply chains and innovations.
Brand Growth: Enhancing global brand recognition.
Costs:
Compliance: Navigating different laws and regulations.
Cultural Barriers: Adapting to local customs and languages.
Logistics: Higher transportation and operational costs.
Risks:
Political Instability: Potential for sudden policy changes.
Economic Fluctuations: Impact of currency and market changes.
Legal Uncertainties: Differences in contract enforcement and IP protection.
Attractiveness:
Stability and Openness: Countries with stable systems are more attractive.
Market Potential: Depends on economic growth and demand.
Ease of Business: Favorable regulatory environments and low corruption are
key.
Q15: Identify the three types of economic systems. How do these three types
of economic systems differ from each other? How are they the same?
Types:
Market Economy: Decisions are made by individuals and businesses (e.g.,
USA).
Command Economy: Government controls all economic activities (e.g., North
Korea).
Mixed Economy: Combines elements of market and command economies
(e.g., France).
Differences: Vary in the degree of government involvement.
Similarities: All aim to allocate resources and meet needs, but do so in
different ways.

Q1: Democracy is a form of government that prohibits opposing political

parties.
a) True
√b)False
Explanation: Democracy allows for multiple political parties and free elections,
enabling citizens to choose their leaders and express differing viewpoints.
Q2: The term（ ） stresses that the political, economic, and legal systems of a
country are interdependent.
a)√political economy
b)common law
c)Socialism
d)Collectivism
Explanation: Political economy examines how political, economic, and legal
systems interact and influence each other.
Q3: A theocratic law system is one in which the law is based on religious
teachings.
神权法系统是基于宗教教义制定法律的系统。
√True
False
Q4: What term is used to describe a state in which authoritarian elements
have captured some or much of the machinery of state and use this in an
attempt to deny basic political and civil liberties?
a) authoritarian dictatorship
b) right-wing democracies
c) representative totalitarianism
√d) pseudo-democracies
Explanation: Pseudo-democracies are states where authoritarian elements
control the government but maintain a facade of democratic processes. They
use their power to limit political and civil liberties while appearing democratic.
Q4: A country's economic system, property rights regime, and education
systems are reasonably good predictors ofeconomic prospects.
一个国家的经济系统、产权制度和教育系统，通常可以较好地预测该国的经济前景。
a) √True
b) False
Q5: What legal means can be used by the state to expropriate the profits from
business innovation?国家可以通过什么合法手段来剥夺企业创新的利润？
a)demands for money to grant a license 要求支付许可费
√b)expropriation 征收 国家通过法律手段直接征用企业的财产或利润。这种方式通常涉及强制性地将企业的资产转为国有或控制，以
获取其创新利润。
c)enforcing property rights 执行产权
d)excessive taxation 过高的税收
Q6：According to Amartya Sen, development should be
√a) Seen as a process of expanding the real freedoms that people experience.
b) Seen as a nonpolitical concept that focuses on the net income of a country.
c) Viewed as a purely economic process.
d) Assessed by material output measures such as GNI per capita.

Week4
Q1: Identify and explain the main instruments (e.g., 3/4) of trade policy used
by governments to influence international trade flows. Please use examples.
Trade Policy Instruments:
Tariffs: Taxes on imports to make them more expensive and encourage buying
local. Example: U.S. tariffs on steel imports.
Quotas: Limits on the amount of a product that can be imported. Example: EU
limits on textile imports.
Subsidies: Financial support for local businesses to lower costs and compete
with imports. Example: U.S. farm subsidies.
Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs): Agreements to limit exports to avoid trade
barriers. Example: Japan's car export limits to the U.S. in the 1980s.
Q2: Why do governments sometimes intervene in international trade? Justify
your arguments based on two paths: political and/or economic.

Political Reasons:

 Protect jobs and industries

 Ensure national security
 Respond to unfair trade practices
 Protect consumers and support foreign policy

Economic Reasons:

 Boost national income and support new industries

 Overcome foreign competition and correct market failures

Q3: Explain the arguments against strategic trade policy.

 Retaliation and Trade Wars:
Strategic trade policies can lead to other countries retaliating, which might
cause trade wars and hurt global trade.
 Domestic Policy Issues:
Governments might be swayed by special-interest groups, which can result in
unfair and inefficient trade policies.
Q4: Describe the development of the world trade system and the current
trade issue. Or describe how has today’s world trade system evolved?
Development: Began with GATT in 1947, evolved into WTO in 1995, reducing
trade barriers and overseeing global trade.
Current Issues: Rising protectionism, high tariffs, and political events affecting
trade.
Q5: Describe the development of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the
current trade issue.
Development of the WTO:
The WTO was formed in 1995 to replace GATT and manage global trade more
effectively. It helps countries negotiate trade deals, monitors compliance, and
settles disputes.
Current Trade Issues:
Dispute Resolution Problems: The WTO's system for resolving trade disputes is
under strain, especially because the U.S. has blocked appointments to its
Appellate Body.
E-commerce and Digital Trade: The WTO is still figuring out how to handle the
growing area of digital trade.
Developing Countries' Concerns: Developing countries feel that current trade
rules are unfair and are pushing for changes to things like agricultural
subsidies.
Q6: Explain the implications for managers of development in the world trade
system.
· Understanding Regulations: Keep up with trade rules affecting business.
· Managing Risks: Handle new tariffs and supply chain issues.
· Strategic Planning: Plan for long-term impacts of trade changes and regional
agreements.
Q7: What are the implications for business practice? Why should the
international manager care about the political economy of free trade or about
the relative merits of arguments for free trade and protectionism?
Market Access: Free trade helps in understanding market opportunities.
Cost Management: Trade policies affect costs and profits.
Competitive Strategy: Adjust strategies based on trade policies.
Why It Matters: Navigating trade environments and understanding policy
debates help in decision-making and strategy adaptation.
Q8: Do you think that governments should consider human rights when
granting preferential trading rights to countries? What are the arguments for
and against taking such a position?
For: Promotes ethical standards and pressures improvements in human rights.
Against: Complicates trade agreements and may harm economic interests.
Q1: NAFTA produced significant net benefits for the Canadian, Mexican, and
U.S. economies. Discuss.
NAFTA boosted trade, created jobs, and lowered tariffs among Canada,
Mexico, and the U.S. It increased economic growth but had mixed effects on
different sectors.
Q2: What are the economic and political arguments for regional economic
integration? Given these arguments, why don't we see more substantial
examples of integration in the world economy?
Economic Arguments: Boosts trade, investment, and efficiency.
Political Arguments: Strengthens political ties and stability.
Reasons for Limited Integration: Concerns about national sovereignty, local
industries, and differing interests
.Q3: How should a firm with self-sufficient production facilities in several
ASEAN countries respond to the creation of a single market? What are the
constraints on its ability to respond in a manner that minimizes production
costs?
Centralize production to benefit from reduced trade barriers, while managing
local regulations and relocation costs.
Q6: How should a U.S. firm that currently exports only to ASEAN countries
respond to the creation of a single market in this regional grouping?

The U.S. firm should Explore local production or distribution channels, to take
advantage of reduced trade barriers and easier market access.
Q7: What, in general, was the effect of the creation of a single market and a
single currency within the EU on competition within the EU? Why?
Increased competition by removing trade barriers, leading to more efficient
businesses and lower consumer prices.
Q8: Identify and explain the different levels of regional economic integration.
Free Trade Area: No tariffs among members, but separate policies with non-
members.
Customs Union: No tariffs among members and a common external trade
policy.
Common Market: Includes customs union plus free movement of labor and
capital.
Economic Union: Integrates common market features with harmonized
economic policies.
Political Union: Merges political institutions and policies into a single entity.
1.Which statement is true with respect to multinational firms?
A:Government policies ultimately have little direct impact on a multinational
business.
政府政策对跨国公司几乎没有直接影响。
√B:Because of their pivotal role in international trade, firms can and do exert a
strong influence on government policy toward trade.
因为跨国公司在国际贸易中的关键角色，它们确实对政府的贸易政策施加强大的影响。
C:Multinational firms generally try to encourage their government to resist the
WTO and to keep constraints on trade among nations.
跨国公司通常试图鼓励他们的政府抵制 WTO，并在国家间保持贸易限制。
D:Despite their pivotal role in international trade, firms do not exert a strong
influence on government policy toward trade.
尽管跨国公司在国际贸易中扮演着重要角色，但它们对政府的贸易政策并未施加强大的影响。
2. One of the impediments to integration arises from:
A. the fact that economic integration aids a minority.
经济一体化只帮助少数人。
B. concerns that too many multinational firms will lose investors.
担心太多的跨国公司会失去投资者。
C. the fact that a nation as a whole typically does not benefit.
一个国家整体上通常不会受益。
√D. concerns over national sovereignty.
对国家主权的担忧。
3.following its approval by legislators in member countries,the United States-
Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) formally replaced the North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA ） .Which level of regional economic integration
best described NAFTA?
A: common market
√B:free-trade area
C:customs union
D:economic union
E:trade union
4.Which countries belonged to NAFTA and now, to the USMCA?
A:Mexico, China, and the United States
B:Canada, Mexico, Brazil, and the United States
C:Great Britain, China, and Germany
√D:The United States, Mexico, and Canada
5.The USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement) builds on NAFTA but
includes changes, particularly in the automobile trade. Here are the
implications:
√A: Could significantly increase the cost of a new carb.
B:Means that China will pay for all new tariffs
C: Implies that the quality of the vehicles produced in North America will
decline
D:Could make it difficult to buy a German car in the United States
E:Means prices will decline, especially on cars with tariff-free status