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    RSPaper 6

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    Ahmet Citipitioglu

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    RSPaper 6

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    RSPaper6

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    RSPaper 6

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    of 7

    PERFORMANCE OFANTI-CORRSSION PRODUCTS FOR MORE

    DURABLR CONCRETE IN THE ARABIAN GULF

    A. A Sharafi, M.A. Shahrour and S M. K.. Chetty

    Proceeding of the Fifth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and


    Construction on Building for the 21st Century, Griffith University, Australia,25-27
    July 1995, Vol. 3, pp 2047-2052

    Copyright © This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical,
    electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of the Director of Dubai
    Central Laboratory, Dubai Municipality, United Arab Emirates.
    Table2 Salinityconditionsof exposuresite

    I'ig. 2 Loadedbeam(Size200 x 300 x 2000mm)at the exposuresite with two point


    loading,intensityequivalentto working load

    To assessthe chloride ingressinto tile reinforced concretespecimenssize'300 x 300 x 200 mm,


    placet!in three different zones,dust samplesfor three incrementaldepthswere taken at the agesof
    o-neyear andtwo years.

    Testing of prisms of size 200 x 200 x 750mmand of beamsof sizes200 x 300 x 2000mmis to be
    Carriedout in due course. However, mappingof crackson thosebeamsis beingmonitored.

    5.5 ObservationsandDiscussions- ExposureSite Testing


    Visual inspection of all re~nforcedconcrete specimensplaced above ground including control
    specimenswere found to be in a satisfactoryconditionwith no visual sign of corrosionactivity. This
    is confirmed by the half cell potential readingswhich showed negligible differencesin potential.
    Visual inspectionof reinforcedconcretespecimensat tidal zone and below ground was performed.
    After two yearsof exposuretheir conditionare categorizedin Table3.

    1()5
    Table3 Conditionof specimensat exposuresite after 2 years
    -
    Product No. Exoosure Condition -Visual Insl)ection
    Product - 1 Below Ground Severelycrackedalongrebarof lOmm cover. Figure 3
    Tidal Zone - Crackedalongrebarof lOmmcover.
    Product - 2 Below Ground Lesscracksare manifestedalongrebarof lOmmcover.
    Tidal Zone No sign of cracks.
    Product - 3 Below Groundand Corrosionandrust stainsare initiated along lOmm
    Tidal Zone rebarcover.
    Product- 4 Below Ground No sign of cracks.
    Tidal Zone No silrn of cracks.
    Product- 5 Below Ground No sign of corrosioncracking.
    Tidal Zone No signof cracks.
    Product- 6 Below Ground Corrosionis initiated alongrebarof lOmm cover.
    Tidal Zone Corrosionis initiated alongrebarof lOmm cover.
    Control Below Ground Severelycrackedalongrebarof lOmm cover.
    Tidal Zone Rust stainsare manifestedalong rebarof lOmm cover.

    Tidal Zone ExJ2osure Below GroundExQosure

    Fig. 3 Product -1 Concrete specimens(w/c = 0.44), after two yearsof exposurein the tidal
    zone and bclow ground; rust stains and longitudinal cracking arc manil~stcd

    6. RANKING OF PRODUCTS
    From among the parametersconsideredin the study, chloride ingress only is taken into
    considerationfor evaluationof the products,as ultimatelythe prime decidingfactor for inhibiting the
    corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is chloride. Specifically, the criteria for ranking the
    effectivenessof the consideredproductsis asfollows:

    (a) The chloride ingressvalues at an incrementaldepth of 0-15mm is ignored as at such depth


    (ne,lr the surface)it does not producea representativesampleof concretedust material on account
    of the surfacedepositionfrom extraneoussourcesand eftlorescencewhich will misleadthe findings.
    (b) Chloride ingress values at the incremental depths of 15-30mm and 30-45mm are more
    representativeand reliable,hencethey are averagedfor the comparison. As regardsto capillaryrise
    results,the valuesat 500mmelevation(125mmabove.waterlevel) hasbeenconsidered.Table4.
    (c) The aboveground test resultsof samplesat the exposuresite are not shown,becausetherewas
    not muchdifferencecomparedto the control sal-oples.

    106
    Table4 Acid solublechlorideingressparametersin lS-4Smmdepthin concrete

    % CI bv Massof Cement
    Product Exposure Site LaboratoryPondingin 3% NaCl
    I 1 Year 2 Years 90 Days 1 Year 2 Years 1 Year
    B.G TZ.- B.G T.Z Capillary Rise
    Product# 1 0.81 -.
    1.07 1.18 0.52 0.97 1.14 2.62
    Product# 2 0.37 0.44..' 0.44 0.18 0.67 0.84 0.15
    Product# 3 0_.57 0.47.. 0.67 0.13 0.24 0.37 0.46
    Product# 4 0.13 --
    0.20 0.07 0.13 0.20 0.47 0.84
    Product# 5 0.13 --
    0.27 0.13 0.32 1.11 1.27 0.10
    Product# 6 0.61 -.
    0.R7 0.70 0.23 0.47 0.86 0.49
    Control 0.13 0.97 0.24 2.65 0.30 0.64 0.72 0.48

    (d) The effectivenessof products arecomputedassigningdueweightagesto chloridelevelsand


    are in decreasingorder asfollows:
    90 DaysLaboratoryPonding : 3, 4, 2, 6, control, 5, 1
    LaboratoryCapillaryRise(1 Year): 5,2,3, control, 6, 4, 1
    Below Ground(2 Years) : 4,5, control, 2, 3, 6, 1
    Tidal Zone (2 Years) : 3,2,4,5,6, 1, Control

    7. CONCLUSIONS
    The performanceof variousproductsconsideredin the studyat the end of two yearsof
    exposurewhenconcretespecimens were not in crackedstateis asfollows:
    (i) The concretespecimensplacedabovegroundincludingcontrol specimenswere found to be in
    satisfactorycondition.
    (ii) Both visual inspection and half-cell potential measurementsshowed that corrosion has
    initiated along 10mrncoverfor almostall the product specimensexposedto below groundandtidal
    zones.
    (iii) Considering chloride ingress into the specimens,the overall ranking of the products
    effectivenessin the decreasingorder is found to be : 4, 3,2, 5, control, 6 and 1.
    (iv) It is to be notedthat the aboveconclusionsasregardseffectivenessarebasedon two yearsof
    study andthat too from specimens which were not in a stateof structuralstress. Thesetrendsmay
    changewith time andhencethe abovefindingsmaybe regardedastentative.

    8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    The authors acknowledgewith thanksthe assistance andthe supportextendedby Molo
    JASSIR as co-worker in conducting the testingandcollatingthe datafor the presentationof this
    paper.

    9. REFERENCES
    [1] A.A.Sharafi, M.A.Shahrour and S.M.K.Chetty, Anti CorrosionProducts/Systems for
    More Durable Concrete in the ArabianGulf, Proceedingsof the First InternationalConferenceon
    Reinforced Concrete Materials in Hot Climates,Al-Ain, V.A.E., April 24-27, 1994,Volume 2, pp
    629-644:
    [2] Rasheeduzzafar,A.S. Al-Gahtani, and S.S. Al Saadoun,Influence of Construction
    Practiceson ConcreteDurability, ACI MaterialsJournal,November-December 1989,pp 566 - 575
    [3] Rasheeduzzafar, Fahd H. Dakhil, and Ahmad S. Gahtani, Corrosion of Reinforced
    ConcreteStructuresin the Middle East,ConcreteInternational,September1985,pp 48 - 55
    [4] Dubai Municipality ADVISORY NOTE NO. 004, Aug. 1990,Gradesof Concrete.

    107

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