STUDY CENTRE

CHAPTER - 02
LINES & ANGLES

Types of Angles
 Line : Line is a collection of points which has only length neither breadth nor thickness.
 Line Segment : A line with two end points
 Ray : A part of line with one end point
 Angle : An angle is formed when two rays originate from the same end point. The rays making an
angle are called the arms and the end point is called the vertex.
Types of Angles :
(i) Acute Angle : 00 < X < 900
An angle whose measure is more than 00 but than 900 is called an Acute angle.

(ii) Right Angle : X = 900

An angle whose measure is 900, is called a right angle.

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(iii) Obtuse Angle : 900 < X < 1800

An angle whose measure is more than 900 but less than 1800 is called an obtuse angle.

(iv) Straight Angle : X = 1800

An angle whose measure is 1800 is called a straight angle.

(v) Reflex Angle : 1800 < X < 3600

An angle whose measure is more than 1800 but less than 3600 is called a reflex angle.

(vi) Complete Angle : x = 3600

An angle whose measure is 3600 is called a complete angle

 Complimentary Angles : Two angles whose sum of 900 are called complementary angles.
eg : Complement of 300 angle is 600 angle
 Supplementary Angles : Two angles whose sum is 1800 are called supplementary angles.
eg : Supplement of 700 angle is 1100 angle

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 Adjacent Angles : Two angles are called adjacent angles, if :

(i) they have the same vertex
(ii) they have a common arm, and
(iii) uncommon arms on either side of the common arm
In the figure,  AOP and  BOP are adjacent angles.

 Vertically opposite Angles : When two straight line intersect each other four angles are formed.
The pair of angles which lie on the opposite sides of the point of intersection are called vertically
opposite angles.

In figure,  AOC and  BOD are vertically opposite angles and  AOD and  BOC are also vertically
opposite angles.
Vertically opposite angles are always equal.
 Linear Pair of Angles : Two adjacent angles are said to form a linear pair of angles, if their non-
common arms two opposite rays.
OR
When the sum of two adjacent angles is 1800, then they are called linear pair of angles.

In figure ,  AOC and  BOC form a linear pair of angles.

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 Find x in the figure given below

Solution : 6x + 3x = 1800
9x = 1800

1800
x  200
0
Transversal Line
Revision Notes
 Intersecting Lines: Two lines are said to be intersecting when the perpendicular distance between
the two line is not same everywhere. they meet at one point.
 Non-Intersecting lines : Two lines are said to be non-intersecting, lines when the perpendicular distance
between them is same every where. They do not meet. If these lines are in the same plane these are
known as parallel lines.
 Transversal Line : A straight line which intersects two or more given lines at district points is called a
of the given lines.

In figure, straight lines I and m are intersected by transversal r. Following angles are formed :
Exterior Angles :  1,  4,  6 and  7

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Interior Angles :  2,  3,  5 and  8

Corresponding Angles : Two angles on the same side of transversal are known as corresponding
angles lie either above the lines or below the lines.
In figure,  1 &  5,  2 &  6,  3 &  7,  4 &  8 are the pairs of corresponding angles
Alternate Interior Angles :  2 &  8,  3 &  5 are the pairs of alternate interior angles
Alternate Exterior Angles :  1 &  7,  4 &  6 are the pairs of alternate exterior angles
Consecutive Interior Angles : The pair of two interior angles on the same side of the transversal
are called the pairs of consecutive interior angles.
In figure,  2 &  5,  3 &  8 are the pairs of consecutive interior angles.
If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then :
(i) each pair of corresponding angles is equal
(ii) each pair of alternate interior angles is equal
(iii) each pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal is supplementary
If a transversal intersects two lines such that either :
(i) any one pair of corresponding angles is equal, or
(ii) any one pair of alternate interior angles is equal, or
(iii) any one pair of co-interior angles is supplimentary then the lines are parallel
Angle Sum Property of a Triangle
Revision Notes
Angle Sum Property of a Triangle :
(i) The sum of all interior angles of a triangle is 1800
In  ABC,  A +  B +  C = 1800

(ii) If a side of a triangle is produced, the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of the two interior
angles.
In ABC ,  ACD =  A +  B

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 Scalene Triangle : A triangle whose all three sides are unequal in length is called a scalene triangle.

 Isosceles Triangle : In a triangle, if two sides are equal in length, then it is called an isosceles triangle.

 Equilateral Triangle : In a triangle, if all the sides are equal in length, then it is called an equilateral
triangle.

 Acute angled triangle : In a triangle, if each angle is less than 900, then it is called an acute angled
triangle.

 Right triangle : In a triangle, if one of its angles is 900, then it is a right angled triangle or right triangle.

 Obtuse triangle : In a triangle, if one of its angle is greater than 900 then it is known as an obtuse
angled triangle

 Regular Polygon : If all the sides of a polygon are equal, then it is called a regular polygon.

 Properties of Regular Polygon :

(i) Sum of all the exterior angles formed by producing the sides of polygon is 3600

(n  2)  1800
(ii) Each interior angle of a regular polygon of n sides =
n

(iii) Sum of all the interior angles of a polygon of n sides = (n-2)  1800

QUESTIONS

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1. A line joining 2 end points is called

A) Line segment B) A ray C) Parallel lines D) Intersection lines
2. An acute angles is
A) more than 90o B) Less than 90o C) Equal to 90o D) Equal to 180o
3. A reflex angle is
A) more than 90o B) Equal to 90o C) more than 180o D) Equal to 180o
4. A straight angle is equal to
1) 0o B) 90o C) 180o D) 360o
5. Two angles whose sum is equal to 180o are called
A) vertically opposite angles B) Complementary angles
C) Adjacent angles D) Supplementary angles
6. Intersecting lines cut each other at
A) one point B) Two points
C) Three points D) Null
7. Two parallel lines intersect at
A) one point B) two points C) 3 points D) Null
8. If two lines intersect each other, then the vertically opposite angles are
A) Equal B) unequal
C) cannot be determined D) None of the above
9. In the figure below, which of the following are corresponding angle pairs?

A) < p and < q B) <p and < w C) <p and < x D) <p and <z

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10. If AB||CD, EF  CD and GED  135o as per the figure given below

The value of AGE is

A) 120o B) 140o C) 90o D) 135o

11. In ABC, A  50o and the external bisectors of B and C meet at ‘0’ as shown in figure. The
measure of BOC is

A) 40o B) 65o C) 115o D) 140o

12. In figure the value of x is

A) 120o B) 130o C) 110o D) 100o

13. In ABC, the bisectors of ABC and BCA intersect each other at ‘O’. The measure of BOC is

o A o A
A) 90o  A B) 90  C) 180o  A D) 90 
2 2

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14. In figure if A  B  C  D  E  F  K right angles, then k =

A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
15. In the given figure, the measure of ABC is

A) 80o B) 20o C) 100o D) 60o

16. In figure 1 || 2 , then x=

A) 80o B) 100o C) 110o D) 70o

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17. In figure AB||CD, then the value of x=

A) 35o B) 40o C) 60o D) 75o

18) In the figure, PS  ,RQ  , the degree measure of y is

A) 55o B) 90o C) 80o D) 135o

19) In the figure, PQ||RS and EF||QS. If PQS  600 , then what will be the measure of RFE ?

A) 110o B) 120o C) 130o D) 140o

o
20. In the figure PQ||RS, CBD is a transversal and BCQ  135 , find RBD .

A) 30o B) 45o C) 60o D) 75o

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Descriptive Questions
1. In the figure, prove that AB||EF

2. In the figure  || m prove that 1  2  3  180 o

3. In the figure AB||CD and DE||PF. If APF  50o and CDG  40o find

i) AQD ii) EDG iii) DPF

4. In the given figure CAB : BAD  1: 2 . Find all the internal angles of ABC

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5. In the given figure DE  AB . Find the values of x and y

6. In the figure of PQ  PS, PQ || SR, SQR  28o and QRT  65o , then find the values of x and y

1
7. In the figure, AP is the angle bisector of A and PQ is the bisector of ACD . P.T.. APC  ABC .
2

8. In the given figure, AM  BC and AN is the bisector of A . If ABC  70o and ACB  20o . Find the
value of MAN

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