Article

Bibliometric and Content Analysis of the Scientific Work on

Artificial Intelligence in Journalism
Alem Febri Sonni 1, * , Vinanda Cinta Cendekia Putri 1 and Irwanto Irwanto 2

1 Communication Studies, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University,

Makassar 90245, Indonesia; [email protected]
2 Film Departement, School of Design, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 15143, Indonesia;
[email protected]
* Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric review of the development of artificial
intelligence (AI) in journalism based on the analysis of 331 articles indexed in the Scopus database
between 2019 and 2023. This research combines bibliometric approaches and quantitative content
analysis to provide an in-depth conceptual and structural overview of the field. In addition to
descriptive measures, co-citation and co-word analyses are also presented to reveal patterns and
trends in AI- and journalism-related research. The results show a significant increase in the number
of articles published each year, with the largest contributions coming from the United States, Spain,
and the United Kingdom, serving as the most productive countries. Terms such as “fake news”,
“algorithms”, and “automated journalism” frequently appear in the reviewed articles, reflecting the
main topics of concern in this field. Furthermore, ethical aspects of journalism were highlighted in
every discussion, indicating a new paradigm that needs to be considered for the future development
of journalism studies and professionalism.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; journalism; bibliometric; news; Scopus

Citation: Sonni, Alem Febri, Vinanda

Cinta Cendekia Putri, and Irwanto
Irwanto. 2024. Bibliometric and
1. Introduction
Content Analysis of the Scientific The role of quality journalism in providing accurate and reliable information to the
Work on Artificial Intelligence in public cannot be underestimated. Journalism plays an important role in democracy by
Journalism. Journalism and Media 5: acting as a watchdog and holding those in power accountable. By reporting on important
787–798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ issues, exposing corruption or wrongdoing, and providing analysis and context, journalists
journalmedia5020051 help citizens make informed decisions about their communities and the wider world.
Academic Editors: Rashid Mehmood
Journalists have a responsibility to report news that is based on verified facts and presents
and João Canavilhas a balanced view of events (Cobley and Schulz 2013; Martínez García and Capoano 2023;
Karlsson and Clerwall 2019; McQuail 2010).
Received: 10 May 2024 Journalists must strive for accuracy, objectivity, and clarity in their reporting. This is
Revised: 10 June 2024 important to maintain media credibility and build trust with the audience. In a world where
Accepted: 13 June 2024
misinformation and fake news spread easily through social media and other online means,
Published: 17 June 2024
quality journalism is becoming increasingly important (Martínez García and Capoano 2023;
Kovach and Rosenstiel 2021; Putri and Sonni 2023). Misinformation is generally unintentional,
arising from inaccuracies or mistakes, while disinformation involves the deliberate intention to
Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.
deceive by spreading false information (Di Domenico et al. 2021; Ireton and Posetti 2018). The
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. difference between the two lies in the intention of the creator, with misinformation stemming
This article is an open access article from honest mistakes and disinformation being information that is strategically manipulated
distributed under the terms and and spread to cause harm or deceive (Das and Ahmed 2022).
conditions of the Creative Commons Responsible media organisations must ensure that their news is accurate, reliable,
Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// and unbiased (Trattner et al. 2022). To achieve this, responsible media entities can utilise
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ advanced media technologies in a responsible manner. By leveraging these technologies,
4.0/). media organisations can personalise content to meet the specific needs and preferences of

Journal. Media 2024, 5, 787–798. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020051 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/journalmedia

Journal. Media 2024, 5 788

their audience while minimising negative effects. This approach can help traditional media
organisations maintain their competitive advantage and strengthen their reputations as
reliable sources of information.
Artificial intelligence is becoming an increasingly important tool in various industries,
including the field of journalism. In recent years, the news media has been greatly dis-
rupted by the potential of technology-based approaches to the creation, production, and
distribution of news products and services. In a study conducted by de-Lima-Santos and
Ceron, it was found that artificial intelligence has emerged as a very effective tool that can
assist society in overcoming the challenges faced by the news industry (de-Lima-Santos
and Ceron 2022).
Can a computer programme write compelling news? According to Reuters’ latest
Technology Trends and Predictions report, 78% of 200 digital leaders, editors, and CEOs
surveyed said that investing in artificial intelligence technology would help secure the
future of journalism (Newman 2019). The survey results highlighted provide insight into
the growing public awareness and adoption of AI-powered chatbots like ChatGPT in the
context of journalism and publishing. The finding that 65% of UK adults have heard of
at least one major chatbot points to the increasing mainstream visibility of these tools.
ChatGPT’s recognition figure stands at 59%, suggesting it has emerged as the current
leading platform in this space (Newman 2024). Artificial intelligence is becoming an
increasingly important tool in various industries, including the field of journalism. Recent
studies on artificial intelligence in journalism have highlighted its significant impact on
the creation, production, and distribution of news products and services. As the world of
journalism continues to evolve, technological advances have played an important role in
shaping its landscape (Horska 2020).
The media industry has undergone major changes due to technological advancements.
The shift from analogue to digital media has changed the way media content is created,
disseminated, and used. Digital platforms make it easier to produce, store, and share
content (Küng 2024).
Likewise, the widespread use of the internet and mobile devices has changed the
way people access and enjoy media. Streaming services, social media, and mobile apps
are becoming popular channels for content distribution and consumption (Doyle 2013).
Moreover, technology also allows media companies to collect data on user preferences and
behaviour so as to provide personalized content recommendations and targeted advertising
(Napoli 2011).
The increasing use of algorithms and artificial intelligence in news production and
distribution has raised concerns about the potential for bias and a lack of human oversight
(Diakopoulos 2019). The spread of misinformation and fake news on digital platforms
has also posed a significant challenge regarding the credibility of and trust in journalism
(Lazer et al. 2018).
Despite these challenges, technological disruption has also created new opportunities
for journalism, such as the ability to reach global audiences, engage with readers in real-
time, and experiment with innovative forms of storytelling (Witschge et al. 2016). As the
journalism industry continues to evolve in response to technological change, it will be
crucial for news organizations to adapt and innovate.
The adoption of AI in journalism still faces challenges such as competition for talent
and ethical issues around automated storytelling. Moreover, the integration of artificial
intelligence in journalism raises important ethical issues regarding accuracy, fairness, and
transparency in reporting (Grzybowski et al. 2024; Kieslich et al. 2022). Today, digital media
has intensified news dissemination in manifold ways. The influx of digital media has
revolutionised news dissemination (Holt et al. 2019), with artificial intelligence playing
an important role in this transformation. While AI has shown significant potential in
experimental studies, especially in scientific and technological fields, its application in jour-
nalism is not without its challenges. Competition for talent and ethical issues surrounding
automated news generation are some of the hurdles AI faces in journalism.
Journal. Media 2024, 5 789

As the use of AI in news media becomes more prevalent, fostering digital literacy and
algorithmic awareness among journalists and audiences is crucial. News organisations
should prioritise educating staff and the public about the capabilities and limitations of AI
technologies, empowering them to critically assess AI-generated content and understand
the implications of algorithmic decision-making (Ozmen Garibay et al. 2023). By promoting
algorithmic literacy, news organisations can facilitate informed and intelligent interactions
with AI-driven news products and services.
In facing the ethical challenges of AI integration, news organisations have a responsi-
bility to uphold the principles of journalistic integrity, transparency, and accountability. By
integrating human judgement, addressing biases in AI algorithms, prioritising data privacy,
and promoting algorithmic literacy, the journalism industry can harness the potential of AI
in a rigorous and ethical manner (Silberg and Manyika 2019). This approach ensures that
AI serves as a tool for advancing the quality and depth of news reporting while preserving
the fundamental values of journalism in the digital age.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism has emerged as a significant
area of research, with many studies exploring its impact on the creation, production, and
distribution of news products and services. Bibliometric analysis, a quantitative approach
to assessing research trends and impacts, offers valuable insights into the current state of AI
research in journalism and identifies opportunities for further exploration. By uncovering
salient research trends, mapping the intellectual structure of the field, evaluating the impact
of specific contributions, identifying knowledge gaps, and facilitating evidence-based
decision-making, bibliometric analysis plays an important role in shaping the future of
news media in the digital age. As the journalism industry navigates the challenges and
opportunities presented by AI technologies, insights gained from bibliometric analysis will
guide resource allocation, strategic planning, and policy development, ensuring that AI
investments are aligned with the needs and priorities of the journalism industry.

2. Materials and Methods

In this research, we use bibliometric methods to analyse the development of scholarly
works on artificial intelligence in journalism. The corresponding methodology involved
the categorisation and classification of articles based on various criteria, such as year of
publication, journal source, and author affiliations. This classification process facilitates a
comprehensive understanding of the temporal and institutional distribution of scholarly
work on artificial intelligence in journalism.
Overall, the applied methodology includes a systematic and rigorous approach to
analysing and evaluating the development of scholarly works on artificial intelligence in
journalism, providing a foundation for the findings and subsequent discussions in this
research study.
The cited researcher used bibliometric analysis to examine relevant articles on artificial
intelligence in journalism (Moed 2009). This study collected data from the Scopus database,
specifically selecting articles published between 2019 and 2023. The Scopus database was
chosen as the data source for this study because it is considered one of the most complete
and up-to-date databases used in scientific research.
A complete and rigorous search was performed using the keywords “Artificial In-
telligence”, “AI”, “Artificial Intelligence (AI)”, “Journalism”, “News”, and “Media”, as
well as Boolean operators, i.e., logical operators that connect words to expand or narrow
search results, such as “and”. Articles that met the inclusion criteria set for this study were
selected, including research articles published in social sciences journals. The aim was to
provide an evolutionary overview of the subject.
Bibliometric analysis is a method used to measure and analyse the trends, patterns,
and impact of research in a particular field through scientific publications. In the context
of this research, bibliometric analysis was conducted on journal articles published and
indexed in the Scopus database with the keywords “artificial intelligence”, “ai”, “Artificial
Intelligence (AI)”, “journalism”, “news”, and “mass media”. Restrictions were made, with
 Bibliometric analysis is a method used to measure and analyse the trends, patterns,
and impact of research in a particular field through scientific publications. In the context
of this research, bibliometric analysis was conducted on journal articles published and
Journal. Media 2024, 5 indexed in the Scopus database with the keywords “artificial intelligence”, “ai”, “Artificial 790
Intelligence (AI)”, “journalism”, “news”, and “mass media”. Restrictions were made, with
only English-language articles, content from social science fields, and research published
only English-language
within articles, content
the 2019–2023 timeframe from social science fields, and research published
being selected.
withinData
the 2019–2023 timeframe
were extracted being
according toselected.
the possibilities in Scopus, and descriptive data on
Data were
the articles extracted
were recorded,according
such astotitle,
the possibilities
authorship,injournal,
Scopus,yearand of
descriptive datakey-
publication, on
the articles were recorded, such as title, authorship, journal, year of publication,
words, abstract, abstracts, citations received, academic affiliation and research funding, keywords,
abstract,
etc. Withabstracts, citations received,
the data extracted from Scopus,academic affiliationwere
two databases and research
created: onefunding, etc.format
in Excel With
the
for quantitative content analysis and another in CSV format (a file that divides valuesfor
data extracted from Scopus, two databases were created: one in Excel format by
quantitative content analysis
commas) to perform and analysis
bibliometric another within CSV format (aVersion
VOSviewer file that divides values by
1.6.20.
commas)Aftertocollecting
perform bibliometric
and combining analysis with VOSviewer
the relevant Version
articles, the 1.6.20.
next step was data analysis
After collecting and combining the relevant articles, the next
using bibliometric analysis software, specifically the VOSviewer application. step was data analysis
VOSviewer
using bibliometric analysis software, specifically the VOSviewer application.
is a commonly used tool for visualising and analysing bibliometric networks (Mejia et al. VOSviewer is
a2021).
commonly used tool for visualising and analysing bibliometric networks
This software allows researchers to perform co-citation analysis, co-authorship (Mejia et al. 2021).
This software allows researchers to perform co-citation analysis, co-authorship analysis,
analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis to identify the most influential articles, au-
and keyword co-occurrence analysis to identify the most influential articles, authors, and
thors, and keywords in the field of artificial intelligence in journalism.
keywords in the field of artificial intelligence in journalism.
This research study, involving a bibliometric analysis of the development of scholarly
This research study, involving a bibliometric analysis of the development of scholarly
works on artificial intelligence in journalism, uses a systematic methodology. The findings
works on artificial intelligence in journalism, uses a systematic methodology. The findings
from the bibliometric analysis shed light on significant trends and patterns in scholarly
from the bibliometric analysis shed light on significant trends and patterns in scholarly
works relating to artificial intelligence in journalism. This detailed analysis provides val-
works relating to artificial intelligence in journalism. This detailed analysis provides
uable insights into the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence in journalism and the
valuable insights into the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence in journalism and the
key contributors to its development (Wang 2021).
key contributors to its development (Wang 2021).

3.3.Results
Results
Basedon
Based ondata
dataobtained
obtainedfrom
fromthe
theScopus
ScopusDocument
Document Search,
Search, 331
331 articles
articles were
were found.
found.
Each year shows a significant upward trend (Figure 1). In 2019, there were
Each year shows a significant upward trend (Figure 1). In 2019, there were 41 articles 41 articles pub-
lished, while
published, in 2023,
while the the
in 2023, number
numberof articles increased
of articles dramatically
increased to 122
dramatically to articles. This
122 articles.
increase
This indicates
increase that interest
indicates and research
that interest related
and research to theto
related application of Artificial
the application Intelli-
of Artificial
gence (AI) in
Intelligence theinfields
(AI) of journalism,
the fields news,news,
of journalism, and media are increasing
and media everyevery
are increasing year.year.

Figure1.1.Article
Figure Articledistribution
distributionfor
forthe
the2019–2023
2019–2023period.
period.

TheUnited
The UnitedStates
Stateshas
hasthe
thehighest
highestnumber
numberof ofdocuments
documents(82) (82)and
andcitations
citations(1729)
(1729)inin
thedataset,
the dataset,indicating
indicatingaastrong
strongpresence
presenceininAI
AIjournalism
journalismresearch.
research.Other
Othercountries
countrieswith
with
significant
significantnumbers
numbersofof documents
documents andand
citations include
citations the United
include Kingdom
the United (33 documents,
Kingdom (33 docu-
881 citations),
ments, Spain (46Spain
881 citations), documents, 534 citations),
(46 documents, and Chinaand
534 citations), (21 China
documents, 160 citations).
(21 documents, 160
Countries
citations). such as the Netherlands (19 documents, 454 citations), Canada (14 docu-
ments, 278 citations), and Brazil (13 documents, 118 citations) also have prominent research
results in this area. Interestingly, the United Arab Emirates has a relatively high number of
citations (691) compared to its number of documents (10), indicating the high impact of
AI journalism research. Some countries, such as Russia (six documents, 4 citations) and
Portugal (six documents, 26 citations), have a lower research output in this area based on
the available data (Table 1). Publishers who publish articles are quite diverse, there are
12 publishers, the majority of which are reputable publishers (Table 2).
Journal. Media 2024, 5 791

Table 1. Country-based distribution of articles’ authors and citations (>5).

Country Documents Citations

United States 82 1729
Spain 46 534
United Kingdom 33 881
India 22 84
China 21 160
Netherlands 19 454
Canada 14 278
Brazil 13 118
Germany 13 119
South Korea 11 85
Australia 10 213
Switzerland 10 80
United Arab Emirates 10 691
Italy 9 33
Norway 9 30
Taiwan 9 181
Saudi Arabia 8 56
Singapore 7 169
Austria 6 27
Portugal 6 26
Russian federation 6 4

Table 2. Number of published articles from publishers (>5).

Publisher Articles
Routledge 58
SAGE Publications Inc. 37
Elsevier 21
Springer 18
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 17
Emerald Publishing 11
Taylor and Francis 11
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 9
Association for Computing Machinery 6
CEU Ediciones 6
El Profesional de la Informacion 6
Oxford University Press 6

3.1. Citation Analysis

Of the 331 articles on Artificial Intelligence in journalism, there were 10 articles that
were the most cited. This indicates that these articles have significant impact and influence
in the related research field. Only 1 of the 10 articles, “On the Democratic Role of News
Recommenders” (Helberger 2019), is linked to or cited by other articles in this study
(Table 3). Meanwhile, the other 8 of the 10 most cited articles do not have links or are not
cited by other articles in this study.
• Other heavily cited articles may have links or citations from articles outside the scope
of this study.
• There may be limitations in the data collection process or methodology used, so links
or citations between articles may not be identified.
• The articles may be pioneering or discourse-opening writings in the field of AI and
journalism, so they are widely cited as primary references but have not been developed
or cited in other articles studied.
Journal. Media 2024, 5 792

Table 3. The 10 most cited articles.

Document Citations Links

The effects of explainability and causability on perception, trust,
398 0
and acceptance: Implications for explainable AI (Shin 2021)
Fake news detection: A hybrid CNN-RNN based deep learning
310 0
approach (Nasir et al. 2021)
Deepfakes and Disinformation: Exploring the Impact of Synthetic
Political Video on Deception, Uncertainty, and Trust in News 259 0
(Vaccari and Chadwick 2020)
Ethical Implications and Accountability of Algorithms
242 0
(Martin 2019)
Collaborating with ChatGPT: Considering the Implications of
Generative Artificial Intelligence for Journalism and Media 226 1
Education (Pavlik 2023)
On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders (Helberger 2019) 172 10
War of the chatbots: Bard, Bing Chat, ChatGPT, Ernie and beyond.
The new AI gold rush and its impact on higher education 159 0
(Rudolph et al. 2023)
An incentive-aware blockchain-based solution for internet of fake
127 0
media things (Chen et al. 2020)
Strategizing in a digital world: Overcoming cognitive barriers,
reconfiguring routines and introducing new organizational forms 122 0
(Volberda et al. 2021)
Automation, Journalism, and Human–Machine Communication:
Rethinking Roles and Relationships of Humans and Machines in 119 0
News (Lewis et al. 2019)

To understand this situation more deeply, further analysis of the content of the articles,
the research methodology used, and the context of publication and research developments
in the field of AI and journalism is required.

3.2. Keyword Analysis

Identifying the most frequently used keywords in the articles can give an idea of
the specific topics that are widely researched. From the 331 articles processed using the
vosviewer application with a minimum occurrence rate of 5 (Table 4), 43 keywords were
obtained that were interconnected and formed a network. The network was formed from
four clusters: cluster 1 has 13 keywords, with the most occurrences of artificial intelligence,
amounting to 181; cluster 2 has 12 keywords, with the most occurrences of fake news,
amounting to 47; cluster 3 has 11 keywords, with the most occurrences of automated
journalism, amounting to 17; and cluster 4 has 7 keywords, with the most occurrences of
journalism, amounting to 38 keywords.

Table 4. Keyword clusters and frequency of occurrence (>5).

Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4

Keyword N* Keyword N* Keyword N* Keyword N*
automated
artificial intelligence 181 fake news 47 17 journalism 38
journalism
algorithms 23 social media 23 ChatGPT 8 media 11
automation 16 disinformation 20 ethics 8 technology 11
big data 10 machine learning 20 robot journalism 8 data journalism 10
bots 7 misinformation 20 chatbots 7 fact-checking 9
natural language computational
news production 7 11 7 news 8
processing journalism
communication 6 deep learning 10 trust 6 innovation 7
algorithmic
content analysis 6 COVID-19 9 5
journalism
Journal. Media 2024, 5 793

Table 4. Cont.

Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4

Keyword N* Keyword N* Keyword N* Keyword N*
news media 6 deepfake 8 education 5
newsrooms 6 Twitter 7 higher education 5
social networking human–machine
democracy 5 6 5
(online) communication
public opinion 5 feature extraction 5
robotics 5
* Occurrence.

4. Discussion
Basically, the development of journalism always goes hand in hand with the devel-
opment of information technology. This can be seen from the evolution of print media
into online media as well as the use of social media as a means of disseminating news.
Information technology has enabled journalists to search, collect, and present information
more quickly and efficiently.
One of the main impacts of the development of information technology in journalism
is the creation of a faster, wider, and more open information environment. This provides
opportunities for the public to obtain news in real time and enables active participation in
the journalism process.
However, this development also brings new challenges to the journalism industry, such
as the spread of fake news or hoaxes, as well as changes in the media business model (Pavlik
2023). Therefore, it is important for journalists and media stakeholders to continuously
adapt to the ever-changing developments in information technology. The development of
information technology also allows for the diversification of news presentation, featuring
multimedia formats such as video, audio, and infographics. This not only enriches the
reader’s experience but also provides freedom of expression for journalists in delivering
information (Deuze 2004).
In addition, information technology also plays an important role in increasing accessi-
bility to information. Thanks to the internet, one can access news from various sources and
viewpoints, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of an issue.
However, journalists also need to improve their understanding of ethics in regard to
the use of information technology, especially in relation to data privacy and security. The
skills to sort and verify information are also becoming more important in an era where
information can be easily processed and edited (Díaz-Campo and Segado-Boj 2015).
In the study of journalism today, we see significant developments as information
technology advances. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the factors that greatly influences
the way information is produced; the accuracy, trustworthiness, and understanding of
journalism has changed drastically.
Based on bibliometric analysis, it can be seen that studies on journalism and infor-
mation technology still do not have a wide distribution. Developed countries with a high
level of information technology development are the dominant topics in studies in this
field (Figure 2). The use of keywords in this study indicates the existence of several new
paradigms in journalism studies that are strongly influenced by technology (Figure 3).
Some of the new paradigms that have emerged are shown below.
 mation
level of technology
informationstill do not have
technology a wide distribution.
development Developedtopics
are the dominant countries with a in
in studies high
this
level (Figure
field of information technology
2). The use development
of keywords are the
in this study dominant
indicates the topics in studies
existence in this
of several new
field (Figurein2).
paradigms The use ofstudies
journalism keywords
thatinare
thisstrongly
study indicates the by
influenced existence of several
technology new3).
(Figure
paradigms
Some of thein journalism
new paradigmsstudies that are
that have strongly
emerged are influenced by technology (Figure 3).
shown below.
Journal. Media 2024, 5 Some of the new paradigms that have emerged are shown below.
794

Figure
Figure
2. Visual citation analysis.
Figure 2. 2.Visual
Visualcitation
citationanalysis.
analysis.

Figure
Figure
Figure 3.
3.3. Visualoccurrence
Visual
Visual occurrenceanalysis.
occurrence analysis.
analysis.

4.1. Fake News

The term fake news is used to describe false or misleading information presented as
news. Fake news can take the form of fabricated stories, manipulated images or videos, or
deliberately misleading headlines. The spread of fake news has become a major concern in
today’s digital age, as it can have serious impacts on public opinion and decision-making.
It is important for individuals to critically evaluate the source and validity of the news
they encounter and rely on trusted and reputable news sources for information. Efforts
are being made by various organisations and platforms to combat the spread of fake news
and educate the public about media literacy. Fake news is intentionally false or misleading
Journal. Media 2024, 5 795

information presented as news. Fake news is designed to deceive readers and manipulate
public opinion (Weikmann and Lecheler 2023).
Fake news has become a rampant issue in today’s media landscape, posing a significant
threat to the integrity of journalism. The spread of misinformation and disinformation
has the potential to erode public trust in the media and undermine the important role of
journalism in a democratic society.
One of the main challenges in combating fake news is the ease and speed at which
it spreads through digital platforms and social media. Without robust fact-checking and
verification processes, false information can quickly spread and influence public opinion. In
addition, the monetisation of clickbait and sensational content creates perverse incentives
to create and amplify fake news.
Journalism, as a profession dedicated to reporting the truth, faces the daunting task of
regaining public trust and combating the spread of fake news. This requires a multi-faceted
approach that involves promoting media literacy, strengthening editorial standards, and
holding the spreaders of fake news accountable.
To address these issues, journalists and media organisations must prioritise trans-
parency, accuracy, and ethical reporting practices. By upholding these principles, journalism
can serve as a bulwark against the spread of fake news and continue to fulfil its important
role in informing the public and fostering an informed society (Kovach and Rosenstiel 2021).

4.2. Algorithms
Algorithms have undeniably revolutionised journalism in the age of Artificial Intelli-
gence. With the ability to parse large amounts of data at an incredible speed, algorithms
have become an essential tool for journalists in gathering and analysing information. These
technological advancements have enabled news organisations to deliver more person-
alised content to their audiences and conduct in-depth investigative reporting. However,
as algorithms play a greater role in determining the content that will be shown to audi-
ences, concerns about algorithmic bias and potential misinformation have also surfaced
(de-Lima-Santos and Ceron 2022).
In addition to aiding news gathering, AI-powered algorithms have also facilitated
automated content creation, natural language processing for real-time language translation,
and the identification of patterns and trends in data sets. As AI evolves, it is imperative
for journalists to critically assess the impact of this technology on the integrity and quality
of journalism and utilise its potential to enhance storytelling and audience engagement
(Kotenidis and Veglis 2021).
Algorithms not only automate news production but also make it faster and cheaper,
and they potentially make fewer errors than human journalists (Graefe 2016). This raises
concerns about the future of work in the newsroom.

4.3. Automated Journalism

In recent years, the increasing role of AI in news media has sparked heated debates.
Some argue that AI technology can improve the efficiency and productivity of journalism,
while others express concern about the potential impact on news quality and authenticity
(Wang et al. 2021). One of the key areas where AI is making an impact is in automated
news generation. By utilising natural language generation algorithms, AI systems can now
generate simple news articles, earnings reports, and sports summaries.
The application of AI in newsrooms has also raised questions about potential job losses
for human journalists. While AI can handle routine reporting and data analysis, human
journalists are essential for complex investigative reporting, critical analysis, and ethical
decision-making (de-Lima-Santos and Ceron 2022). Therefore, the future of journalism may
depend on a harmonious balance between AI automation and human expertise.
As AI evolves, news media organisations must adapt and evolve their practices to
harness the benefits of AI while upholding journalistic integrity and accuracy. In addition,
ethical considerations related to the use of AI in news reporting, including with respect to
Journal. Media 2024, 5 796

issues of bias and transparency, need to be carefully addressed to maintain audience trust
(Dörr and Hollnbuchner 2017).

5. Conclusions
The application of bibliometric analysis in the study of artificial intelligence in jour-
nalism provides valuable insights into the evolution of the dynamic intersection between
technology and media. Through the analysis of citation patterns, collaboration networks,
and keyword trends, researchers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the growth of
research, key contributors, and the most influential publications in the field. This method
not only identifies emerging trends and areas to be explored in the future but also informs
academic research, publication strategies, industry practices, and policy decisions. By keep-
ing up with the latest developments and incorporating insights from bibliometric analyses
into broader discussions, stakeholders can ensure that technological advancements are in
line with the broader interests of journalism and media. Overall, bibliometric analyses play
an important role in advancing the understanding of artificial intelligence in journalism
and driving innovation in this field.
While this bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the current state of
research on artificial intelligence in journalism, there are several promising avenues for
future research that could further contribute to our understanding of this rapidly evolving
field. Another promising area for future research is the impact of AI on the changing roles
and skills of journalists. As AI takes on more tasks traditionally performed by human
journalists, such as data analysis, content generation, and fact-checking, the nature of
journalistic work is likely to evolve. Researchers could study how journalists’ roles and
required skills are changing in response to AI and propose new models for journalism edu-
cation and professional development that prepare journalists to work effectively alongside
AI technologies.
Additionally, future research could explore the potential of AI to enhance and trans-
form journalistic practices in new and innovative ways. Researchers could also study
how AI could be leveraged to promote greater diversity and inclusion in news cover-
age by identifying and mitigating biases in AI algorithms and enabling the surfacing of
underrepresented perspectives.
Finally, future research could contribute to the development of new tools and plat-
forms for AI-powered journalism. Researchers could work with industry partners to
design and test new AI technologies specifically tailored to the needs of journalists and
news organizations, such as tools for automated fact-checking, content moderation, and
audience engagement.
The application of bibliometric analysis in the study of artificial intelligence in jour-
nalism provides valuable insights into the evolution of the dynamic intersection between
technology and media. Through the analysis of citation patterns, collaboration networks,
and keyword trends, researchers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the growth of
research, key contributors, and the most influential publications in this field.
By keeping up with the latest developments and incorporating insights from bib-
liometric analyses into broader discussions, stakeholders can ensure that technological
advancements are in line with the broader interests of journalism and media. Furthermore,
by pursuing promising avenues for future research, such as developing ethical frameworks,
studying the changing roles of journalists, exploring innovative applications of AI, and
contributing to the development of new AI-powered tools and platforms, scholars can
continue to make valuable contributions to this important and rapidly evolving field.

Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.F.S. and V.C.C.P.; methodology, A.F.S.; software, I.I.;
validation, A.F.S., V.C.C.P. and I.I.; formal analysis, A.F.S.; investigation, I.I.; resources, I.I.; data
curation, V.C.C.P.; writing—original draft preparation, V.C.C.P.; writing—review and editing, A.F.S.;
visualization, I.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding: This research received no external funding.
Journal. Media 2024, 5 797

Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available upon request from the
corresponding author.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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