Q-1. What is Playwright?

Playwright is an open-source testing tool, which supports functional,

API, and component testing. The playwright is managed by
Microsoft.

Q-2. What is the difference between Selenium

and Playwright?
The playwright is ready to use a Selenium Provides API/Libraries
framework one can install and you need to build the
start using. framework
Playwright shipped with in-built Selenium doesn't provide any
assertion libraries assertions, we need to
integrate using JUnit or TestNG
The playwright uses the Web Selenium uses the Webdriver
Socket connection to API/HTTP to communicate with
communicate with the browser the browser
The playwright is faster Selenium comparatively slower
compared to Selenium
The playwright doesn't support Selenium supports Safari
the safari stock browser rather it
uses the open-source, Webkit
browser to test safari
Playwright officially supports Selenium officially supports
Java, Python, .NET C#, Java, Python, C#, Ruby, Perl,
Typescript, and JavaScript. PHP, and JavaScript

Q-3. What are the advantages of a

Playwright?
Compared to any other framework Playwright has a lot of
advantages, as it is a modern solution it's built on top of the
limitation of another framework

 The playwright is easy to install and learn

 Playwright supports Java, Python, .NET C#, Typescript, and
JavaScript.
 It supports both API and end-to-end testing
 Playwright supports Chromium-based browsers, Firefox,
Safari(Webkit)
  As Playwright doesn't use the webdriver API the execution is
comparatively faster
 Playwright automatically waits before making any actions
where a user doesn't have to provide implicit or explicit waits
 Playwright allows Network traffic control. Mocks etc.
 Edge case scenarios like File upload and download can be
handled easily in playwright

Q-4. Name some disadvantages of

Playwright.
 Playwright doesn't support Mobile automation (They might
introduce it in the future)
 Playwright doesn't support legacy IE Automation
 Playwright doesn’t support Safari stock browser
 Some of the build tools like Teamcity is not directly support
 Some of the features like Ordering, Priority, and Dependency tests
which are available in TestNG are not available in Playwright yet.

Q-5. What are the different testing types the

Playwright supports?
Playwright supports functional testing, API testing, and Component
level testing.

Q-6. What are the programming languages

that the playwright supports?
Playwright supports Java, Python, .NET C#, Typescript, and
JavaScript. However, the Typescript/JavaScript version of Playwright
is more stable and most used.

Q-7. Briefly describe the commands that are

used for Playwright installation and
Execution of tests?
As Playwright supports many programming languages each
programming language follows its own installation process.
In this context we are using the Playwright and JavaScript we need
to use the following commands
Before installation, we need to ensure that NodeJS binaries are
installed in our machine and then we can use- npm init
playwright@latest
The above command will install the required packages and
configurations. Once done we are ready to write the test cases.
npx playwright test
The command is used for executing playwright tests. By default, the
playwright executes all the tests that are available for the project.

Q-8. What is a Configuration File in

Playwright explain?
As the name indicates the configuration file is the place where we
configure the execution behavior of the playwright. The
configuration file is typically named playwright.config.ts (/js).
Using the configuration file we can configure headless mode,
fullscreen, screenshot options, baseURL, browser options, etc.

Q-9. What is @playwright/test package in

Playwright?
The Playwright can be used with different test runners such as
Mocha, Jasmine, Jest, etc. Similar way playwright has its own test
runner called the playwright test. The playwright test is the default
test runner for the playwright.

Q-10. What is Page class in Playwright?

The Page class in playwright is the main class, which provides the
methods to interact with the browser. It also provides a set of event
handlers that helps to execute a set of actions as soon as the event
triggers.

Q-11. How to navigate to specific URLs in

Playwright explain with sample tests
Const {test, expect} = require ("@playwright/test");
test.describe ("navigation", () => {
test ("navigation", async ({page }) => {
await page.goto ("https://playwright.dev/");
});
});
The page.goto () is used for navigating to a specific URL.
The test.describe () hook is used for grouping the set of tests
The test () contains actual tests with playwright commands.

Q-12. What are the different types of

reporters that the playwright supports?
The playwright supports different types of reports

 Dot reporter
 Line reporter
 HTML reporter
 JSON reporter
 JUnit reporter
 Custom reporter
In addition to the above playwright also supports allure reporters
using third-party plugins.

Q-13. What are the locators in the Playwright

list of any five
Locators help to find the elements on the page uniquely at any point
in time.
The page class provides the locator function.

 page.getByText() : Find the element that matches the given

text
 page.getByRole(): Find the element that matches the role
attribute
 page.getByLabel(): Find the element that matches the label
 page.getByTestId(): Find the element that matches the data-
testid attribute
  page.getByTitle(): Find the element that matches the title
attribute
 page.locator(<css> or <xpath>): Find the element by using
the CSS or Xpath

Q-14. What are the different types of text

selectors available in Playwright?
Text-based locators in Playwright are a unique feature, that helps to
locate the element which is having specific text
Locator. (<some_text) : Matches the element that has passed
text
Ex: await page.locator('text=Home menu')
:text-is(): this can be used inside the CSS selector, which will
perform the exact match before finding the elements
Ex: await page.locator('#nav-bar :text-is("Home")')
:has-text(): This is another pseudo-class, which matches the
element which contains the passed text.
Example: await page.locator(':has-text("Playwright")')

Q-15. How to use assertions in Playwright?

List any 5
Playwright Test uses the jest expect library for assertions.
The Playwright supports soft and hard assertions both.
There are many assertions which expect library provides some of
them are
expect(value1).toBe(value2): This helps to compare two values.
Like equals of two strings etc.
expect(<Boolean_value1).toBeTruthy(): Assert two boolean
values to be true.
expect(locator).toBeVisible(): Ensured specified locator is Visible
on DOM
expect(locator).toContainText(expected_text): Ensures the
specific DOM element contains the given text
expect(locator).toHaveClass(expected_class): Ensures the
locator has specified css class
expect(locator).toHaveCount(count): Ensures the given locator
count in dom should be equal to "count"
expect(page).toHaveTitle(title): Verifies the page title is the
same as expected

Q-16. What are soft assertions in Playwright?

By default when the assertions fail the test terminates, but if we use
the soft assertions do not terminate the execution, but the test will
be marked as failed at the end.
The Playwright provides a command
expect.soft() for soft assertions
Example:
expect.soft(page.locator('#title').toHaveText('Udemy')

Q-17. How to negate the Matchers/Assertions

in Playwright? Or How can I verify not
conditions in Playwright?
The Negation matchers are most commonly used in Playwright.
The .not can be used in Playwright to Negate the assertions
For example, if we have to verify the a should not equal 10 then we
can use
expect(a)not.toBe(10)
The not is generic keyword can be used with any assertions to
negate the condition.

Q-18. Does Playwright support XPath? If so

how can I use them in the test?
Yes, Playwright supports both CSS and XPath selectors.
The page.locator() function can be used for XPath.
The page.locator() automatically detects the passed value is XPATH
or CSS and returns the locator accordingly
Whenever Playwright sees the selector staring with // or .. then the
playwright assumes it is the XPath
Example:
await page.locator("//button[@id='someid']").click();
Q-19. What are command line options in the
Playwright? Explain 5 helpful options
The configuration file contains the same set of run time
configurations, the command line options also provide the run time
configurations. When the same option is used in both places the
command line options take priority.

Q-20. Some of the Important command line

options
 Run all the tests
npx playwright test

 Run a single test file

npx playwright test tests/todo-single.spec.ts

 Run multiple tests

 npx playwright test tests/todo-page/ tests/landing-page/
 Run tests in headed mode
npx playwright test --headed

 Run tests on Specific browser

npx playwright test --browser "chromium"

 Retry failed test

 npx playwright test --retries 2

Q-21. What is headed and headless mode in

Playwright
 The headed mode browser is just like any other browser. For
example, if you open a chrome browser opens you can see it
visually and perform the action on it.
 The headless browser execution happens in the background,
the actions and browsers are cannot be seen. The headless
browser execution is faster than the headed mode.
Q-22. Does Playwright support HTML
reporters? How to Generate HTML reports in
Playwright?
Playwright supports default HTML reporter. You can generate the
HTML reporters using the below command. npx playwright test
--reporter=html
Q-23. What are timeouts in Playwright? What
are the different types of Timeouts available
in Playwright?
Timeout ensures that before marking test execution as a failure the
amount of time the Playwright needs to wait.
In Playwright timeouts can be set at different levels
Test timeout: This is applicable for test and fixture execution time.
Expect timeout: Timeout for assertions
Action timeout: Timeout for each action
Navigation timeout: Timeout application for Navigation actions
such as page.goto() etc.
Global timeout: Global Timeout for the whole test run
beforeAll/afterAll timeout: Timeout applicable for
beforeAll/afterAll hooks
Fixture timeout: This timeout is set to individual fixtures.

Q-24. How to navigate forward and backward

in Playwright?
The playwright provides specific commands to navigate backward
and forward.
page.goForward() command can be used to navigate forward
from the browser history
page.goBack() command can be used to navigate backward from
the browser history

Q-25. How to perform actions using the

Playwright?
The Page class provides different locator strategies. First, you need
to find the element using locators and then perform actions.
For example, if you need to perform a click action on a button you
can do it as shown below
await page.locator('#myButton').click();

Q-26. Does playwright support the safari

browser if so can we execute the test on
safari?
Unlike selenium, Playwright doesn't support the Native safari
browser. The Playwright supports the open-source version of Safari
which is a Webkit browser.
You can execute the tests on the Safari Webkit browser using the
configurations in the config file below:
const config = {
use: {
channel: 'chrome',
},
};
By specifying in the command line parameter
npx playwright test --browser "webkit"

Q-27. How to wait for a specific element in

Playwright?
The playwright has an auto-waiting mechanism that reduces the
usage of explicit waits in the test. However, in some scenarios, we
might need to wait for specific elements in that case we can use
the .waitFor()
Example:
const someElement = page.locator('#myElement);
await someElement.waitFor();
By default waitFor() waits for the element to be visible, however, the
behavior can be changed to waitFor attached, detached, hidden
Example: await someElement.waitFor({ state: 'attached' })

Q-28. What is browser context?

Browser context provides a way to operate multiple independent
browser sessions. The browser class provides newContext() method
which helps to create a new browser context.
Example:
const contxt = browser.newContext()
Q-29. How to open multiple windows in
Playwright?
The playwright provides a way to open multiple windows. In
Playwright each window is called Pages.
You can create multiple pages like below
const pageOne = await context.newPage();
const pageTwo = await context.newPage();

Q-30. How to handle iFrame in PLaywright?

The frameLocator() gets the frame on a particular page in
Playwright. Using frameLocator() we can perform various actions on
the iFrame
Example:
const button = await
page.frameLocator('#my_ifr').locator('#button_my)

Q-31. Explain some of the click and double

click actions with its options.
click(): action is used for clicking any element on the page.
dblclick: The dblclick() is used to perform the double click on the
element.
Both of the above click takes multiple parameters for example:
force: PLaywright waits for actionability it internally checks for if the
element is ready to click. The force option helps bypass this option
locator.click({force:true});
position: Position can be used to perform the coordinates with
respect to the element.
delay: can be used for time between mouseup and mousedown

Q-32. How to perform a right-click on

Playwright?
The playwright doesn't have a separate command for right click, in
order to right click we need to use the click action with the button
parameter
Example:
locator.click({button:right})

Q-33. How to evaluate Javascript in

Playwright?
The playwright provides page.evaluate() function, which can be
used for evaluating any javascript function.
Example:
const href = await page.evaluate(() => document.location.href);

Q-34. What are Playwright fixtures?

Test fixtures are used to establish an environment for each test.
Some of the pre-defined fixtures are page, context, browser,
browserName. The fixture is isolated for each test.
Consider you have multiple tests like below
test('basic test', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('https://playwright.dev/');
});
test('basic click, async ({ page }) => {
await page.locator('#logo').click();
});
Though you expect the above test to be executed one after the
other, the test runs and fails. As the page fixture is isolated.
You can override the default fixtures like below.
For example, the above test can be rewritten to execute correctly
let todoPage;
test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
todoPage = new TodoPage(page);
});
test('basic test', async () => {
await todoPage.goto('https://playwright.dev/');
});
test('basic click, async () => {
await todoPage.locator('#logo').click();
});
You can notice that the todoPage is shared between tests.

Q-35. What is CodeGen in Playwright?

Playwright codeGen is similar to the selenium test recorder,
the CodeGen is a tool that comes with playwright you can use it for
recording the Playwright tests.

Q-36. How to parameterize tests in

Playwright?
Parameterize helps to run the same tests with multiple values, some
times it is also called as data-driven testing. Playwright allows
parameterization, you can use data from either csv, json or plain
arrays. To implement parameterization you need to use for or
foreach loop.
Example:
const fruits = ['Banana', 'Orange','Apple'];
for (const name of fruits) {
test(`testing with ${name}`, async () => {
//your code
});
}

Q-37. Write a code to upload the file

 The playwright provides a special command to upload a single
file or multiple files. The command setInputFile() or
setInputFiles() is used for uploading the file in Playwright.
 Example:
 Upload single file:
await page.getByLabel('Upload file ').setInputFiles('myfile.pdf');

 Upload multiple files:

await page.getByLabel('Upload files').setInputFiles(['file1.pdf',
'file2.pdf']);

 Note: Passing empty array to setInputFiles() makes

unselect the files if you are already selected.
 Example:
await page.getByLabel('Upload file').setInputFiles([]);

Q-38. Write a code to download the file

  The upload and download files are edge case scenarios,
Playwright has dedicated commands for both. The download
files can be performed in the playwright using the
waitForEvent() in the playwright.
 Example:
const [ download ] = await Promise.all([
page.waitForEvent('download'),
// Perform the action that initiates download
page.locator('button#delayed-download').click(),
]);

 Once the download is complete you can get the downloaded

path using the command
const downloadedPath = await download.path();

Q-39. How to perform drag and drop in

Playwright?
 Drag and drop can be performed using multiple ways
 Using dragTo() command
 Manually specifying mouse actions
Using dragTo() function for drag and drop
You need to pass the target position locator to dragTo function
Example:
await page.locator('#item-to-be-
dragged').dragTo(page.locator('#item-to-drop-at'));
The above dragTo() function internally does

 Hovers on the item to be dragged

 Clicks on the item to be dragged
 Move the mouse to target location
 Rleases the left mouse button
As mentioned earlier, you can use the manual method, by perfoming
all the above actions instead of dragTo() function.
Manual way to drag and drop
await page.locator('#item-to-be-dragged').hover();
await page.mouse.down();
await page.locator('#item-to-drop-at').hover();
await page.mouse.up();
Q-40. How to handle browser popups or
dialogs?
 Dialog popups are native to the browser or operating systems.
The dialogs need special mechanism to handle as you cannot
inspect the locator for these pop-ups.
 There are different types of pop ups such as alert(), confirm(),
prompt()
 Handling Alert
 //Click on Ok
page.on('dialog', dialog => dialog.accept());

 Handling confirm
 //Click on Ok
page.on('dialog', dialog => dialog.accept());
//Click on Cancel
page.on('dialog', dialog => dialog.dismiss ());

 Handling Prompt
 //Type the text, RSAcademy and Accept the pop up
page.on('dialog', dialog => dialog.accept("RSAcademy"));

Q-41. What is testInfo Object?

testInfo object contains information about tests that are currently
running such as duration, errors, project, status, etc. Using the
testInfo object we can control the test execution.

Q-42. What is testError Object?

The testError object in PLaywright contains information about errors
thrown during the test execution such as error message, stack, and
value.
Q-43. What is global setup and tear down
explain?
 The global setup is one-time setup that is needed for test
execution. The global setup is executed before starting any
tests. For example, if you want to set up some files, and URLs
you can utilize this function.
 Similarly, the global teardown is a one-time teardown option
provided by Playwright. The global teardown will be executed
after all the tests are executed. This will be helpful to generate
custom reports, sending emails, freeing up resources, etc.
 Example Global Set up
// global-setup.js
module.exports = async config => {
const {storageState } = config.projects[0].use;
};
// playwright.config.js
const config = {
globalSetup: require.resolve('./global-setup'),
use: {
storageState: 'state.json',
},
};
module.exports = config;

 Example Global Teardown

// global-teardown.js
module.exports = async config => {
//Some code
};
// playwright.config.js
const config = {
globalTeardown: require.resolve('./global-teardown),
use: {
storageState: 'state.json',
},
};
module.exports = config;
Q-44. How to capture Network logs in
Playwright?
The playwright provides a way to monitor browser network logs. You
can capture all the request and response network logs and their
status. Using the listener
page.on('request', request =>
console.log('>>', request.method(), request.url()));
page.on('response', response =>
console.log('<<', response.status(), response.url()));
await page.goto('https://example.com');

Q-45. How to capture screenshots in

PLaywright?
 The Playwright allows taking the screenshot. the
page.screenshot() function is provided by Playwright to the
screenshot. You can place the screenshot() command
anywhere in the code to save the screenshot.
 Take the full page screenshot
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png', fullPage: true });

 Take the Element level screenshot

await page.locator('.header').screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png' });

Q-46. Does Playwright support API testing? If

so how can we perform API testing?
Yes, Playwright supports API Testing. We can perform any HTTP API
method calls such as GET, POST etc. using the playwright and
validate the status and responses.
Example:
test("Get users", async ({ request, baseURL }) => {
const apiResponse = await
request.get(`${baseURL}public/v2/users/`);
expect(apiResponse.ok()).toBeTruthy();
expect(apiResponse.status()).toBe(200);
});

Q-47. What is Visual Testing? Why do we

need it?
 Visual Testing is also known as visual comparisons, where two
screenshots will be compared. The first screenshot is called the
reference or base image, the subsequent run will compare the
recent screenshot with reference images and produce the
results.
 Visual comparison testing is helpful for UI testing. Using
functional testing we will not be able to validate the fonts,
styles, typography, alignment, etc. but using the visual
comparison we can validate everything related to the
application User interface.

Q-48. Write a simple code to Test Visually

For example, if we need to compare the home page we need to
write the below code in Playwright.
test('Visual test homepage', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('https://playwright.dev');
await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot();
});

 During the first run, the playwright stores the reference image
of the homepage, and the next run will be compared against
the reference image.
 Optionally we can pass the pixel differences if we need to
ignore the minor differences in the image.
test('example test', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('https://playwright.dev');
await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot({ maxDiffPixels: 100 });
});

Q-49. How to configure multiple reporters in

Playwright?
The playwright allows configuring multiple reporters. The reporter
option is available on the playwright.config.js, you can specify the
reporter types to configure multiple reporters.
Example:
// playwright.config.js
const config = {
reporter: [
['list'],
['line'],
['json', { outputFile: 'test-results.json' }]
],
};
module.exports = config;

Q-50. What is the serial mode in Playwright?

In some scenarios, tests may be inter dependent. The second test
might need the output of the first one. Running tests parallelly in
such cases will create the test cases to fail and it's like a false
failure. The serial mode allows running the tests serially one after
the another. If one test fails all remaining tests are skipped and can
be retried as a group again.
Example:
test.describe.configure({ mode: 'serial' });
let page;
test.beforeAll(async ({ browser }) => {
page = await browser.newPage();
});
test.afterAll(async () => {
await page.close();
});
test('runs first', async () => {
await page.goto('https://playwright.dev/');
});
test('runs second', async () => {
await page.getByText('Get Started').click();
});
Q-51. How to perform parallel execution in
PLaywright?
 The playwright supports parallel execution. Parallel execution
can be achieved at the global level or test level in the
playwright.
 Parallel in test file level
 The mode: 'parallel' can be passed to describe.configure()
function to achieve parallelism.
Example:
test.describe.configure({ mode: 'parallel' });
test('runs in parallel 1', async ({ page }) => { /* ... */ });
test('runs in parallel 2', async ({ page }) => { /* ... */ });

 Parallel option in the playwright config file

 We can mention the fullyParallel option in the configuration file,
this makes the tests run parallelly to all tests.
//playwright.config.js
const config = {
fullyParallel: true,
};
module.exports = config;

Q-52. How to perform mobile device

emulation in Playwright?
 The emulation features allow testing the application in mobile
mode or tablet mode by changing the properties of the browser
such as screensize, useragent, geolocation etc.
 For example, if we need to test the mobile safari we can specify
the option in the playwright config file like below.
const config = {
projects: [
{
name: 'Mobile Safari',
use: {
...devices['iPhone 12'],
},
 },
],
};
module.exports = config;

 Similarly, we can set the viewport to match the mobile or tablet

screen size
const config = {
use: {
viewport: { width: 580, height: 720 },
},
};
module.exports = config;

Q-53. Mention some of the helpful ways to

debug Playwright tests.
 The playwright provides multiple ways to debug.
 Using the debug option in the command line.
npx playwright test --debug

 Debug single test

npx playwright test example.spec.ts --debug
VSCode extension

 Apart from the command line debugging option Playwright also

provides the VSCode extension "Playwright Test for
VSCode"
 Trace on option
 You can also force the Playwright to record the trace by passing
the --trace on option.
 Example:
npx playwright test --trace on
Pause option
page.pause() can also be used inside the test script to pause the
test and do some debugging.
Q-54. What is actionability in Playwright?
Explain in detail
 Playwright architecture has a special type of checks before
performing any actions on elements. The checks are called
actionability checks.
 For example when you do click operation page.click()
 It will perform many checks internally such as
 Element is attached to DOM
 Element is Visible
 Element is Stable and animation is completed(if any)
 Element is ready to receive the events
 Element is enabled.
This mechanism is also called automatic waiting in the Playwright.
Since the Playwright performs all the above checks by default one is
no need to perform the above checks manually.

55. Mention some of the advantages of

Playwright compared to Cypress
 The Cypress and Playwright share a lot of similarities and
Playwright overcomes a lot of limitations that cypress has
 The playwright supports iFrame, Cypress doesn’t
 Playwright supports multiple windows/tabs, Cypress doesn't
 A playwright can test the cross-domain URLs whereas Cypress
doesn't support
 Playwright supports Safari Webkit browser Cypress doesn't
support Safari
 Playwright supports multiple languages such as Java, Javascript,
Python, and C#, the Cypress supports only Javascript/Typescript