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    Descriptive Phrases

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    tessa.tran

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    Descriptive Phrases

    Uploaded by

    tessa.tran
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    Descriptive phrases

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    6 views1 page

    Descriptive Phrases

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    tessa.tran

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    -ing and -ed clauses ("the woman

    talking to Tom," "the man injured in


    the accident")

    II A clause is a part of a sentence. Some clauses begin with -ing or oed:


    I
    • Do you know the woman talking to Tom I? (-ing clause)

    I
    • The man injured in the accident Iwas taken to the hospital. (-ed clause)

    We use -ing clauses to say what someone (or something) is doing or was doing at a particular
    time:
    • Do you know the woman talking to Tom? (the woman is talking to Tom)
    • The police officers investigating the robbery are looking for three men. (the
    police officers are investigating the robbery)
    • I was awakened by a bell ringing. (the bell was ringing)
    • Who was that man standing outside? (the man was standing outside)
    • Can you hear someone singing? (someone is singing)
    For see/hear someone doing something see Unit 63.
    When you are talking about things (and sometimes people), you can use an -ing clause for
    permanent characteristics (what something does all the time, not just at a particular time):
    • The road joining the two villages is very narrow. (the road joins the two
    villages)
    • I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden. (the room overlooks the
    garden)

    II oed clauses have a passive meaning:


    • The man injured in the accident was taken to the hospital. (the man was
    injured in the accident)
    • None of the people invited to the party can come. (the people have been
    invited to the party)
    Injured and invited are past participles. Many verbs have irregular past participles that do
    not end in oed. For example: stolen/made/bought/written, etc.:
    • The money stolen in the robbery was never found. (the money was stolen in
    the robbery)
    • Most of the goods made in this factory are exported. (the goods are made in
    this factory)
    For a full list of irregular verbs see Appendix 2.

    II We often use -ing and oed clauses after there is / there was, etc.:
    • Is there anybody waiting to see me?
    • There were some children swimming in the river.
    • When I arrived, there was a big red car parked outside the house.
    For more information about -ing clauses see Unit 64.

    178

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