SQL Window Functions
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
an advanced SQL tool performing a calculation for every record in the
data set, using other records associated with the specified one from the table
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
an advanced SQL tool performing a calculation for every record in the
data set, using other records associated with the specified one from the table
- an entire table from a database
- a part of a table
- a result set obtained by using tools such as joins
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
an advanced SQL tool performing a calculation for every record in the
data set, using other records associated with the specified one from the table
= “the current row”
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
an advanced SQL tool performing a calculation for every record in the
data set, using other records associated with the specified one from the table
= “the current row”
= the window over which the given function
evaluation will be performed
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
an advanced SQL tool performing a calculation for every record in the
data set, using other records associated with the specified one from the table
= “the current row”
= the window over which the given function
evaluation will be performed
= acts as the set of rows on which the
given function will be applied
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
Using Window Functions is similar yet not identical to using
Aggregate Functions
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
Aggregate window functions
= aggregate functions used in
the context of window functions
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
Aggregate window functions Nonaggregate window functions
= aggregate functions used in
the context of window functions
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
Aggregate window functions Nonaggregate window functions
Ranking window functions Value window functions
Introduction to MySQL Window Functions
Next:
The ROW_NUMBER() Window Function and a Relevant MySQL Syntax
The ROW_NUMBER() Window Function
and a Relevant MySQL Syntax
ROW_NUMBER() and a Relevant MySQL Syntax
One of the syntax types available for applying window
functions:
SELECT
...,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER () AS ...
FROM
...
;
ROW_NUMBER() and a Relevant MySQL Syntax
window specification: action:
None = an empty OVER clause ROW_NUMBER() will perform the
relevant evaluations on all
query rows = a single partition
containing PARTITION BY the data will be organized into
partitions
containing ORDER BY arrange the values (in an
ascending or descending order)
ROW_NUMBER() and a Relevant MySQL Syntax
Next:
- Use several window functions in the same query
MySQL Window Functions Syntax
MySQL Window Functions Syntax
The same output can be obtained if we used a WINDOW clause
SELECT
...,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER () AS ...
FROM
...
;
MySQL Window Functions Syntax
The same output can be obtained if we used a WINDOW clause
SELECT
...,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER alias AS ...
FROM
...
WINDOW alias AS ()
;
MySQL Window Functions Syntax
naming windows is way more practical and a sign of best
practice when:
- we have a query employing several window functions
- we need to refer to the same window specification multiple times
throughout a query
MySQL Window Functions Syntax
a window name ≠ a window function name
e.g. w e.g. ROW_NUMBER()
The PARTITION BY Clause vs the GROUP BY clause
PARTITION BY vs GROUP BY
SELECT
...,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY ...) AS ...
FROM
...;
SELECT
...,
FROM
...
GROUP BY;
PARTITION BY vs GROUP BY
PARTITION BY GROUP BY
Reduces the number
of records returned
Affects how the window
function result will
be obtained
can only be used within
the context of applying
window functions
The MySQL RANK() and DENSE_RANK()
Window Functions
RANK() and DENSE_RANK()
You may prefer to assign the same rank to records
representing identical values
What rank values are assigned to the records subsequent to the records
with an identical value?
the focus is on:
RANK() the number of values we have in our output
DENSE_RANK() the ranking of the values itself
RANK() and DENSE_RANK()
Window Functions in MySQL:
- They all require the use of the OVER clause
- The rank values they provide are always assigned sequentially
- The first rank is always equal to the integer 1, and the subsequent
rank values grow incrementally by 1, except for the duplicate records
potentially
RANK() and DENSE_RANK()
Window Functions in MySQL:
- RANK() and DENSE_RANK() are only useful when applied on ordered
partitions (=partitions defined by the use of the ORDER BY clause)
type: ORDER BY
ROW_NUMBER() non-order-sensitive not necessarily
RANK() more meaningful
order-sensitive
DENSE_RANK()
The LAG() and LEAD() Value Window Functions
The LAG() and LEAD() Value Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
Aggregate window functions Nonaggregate window functions
Ranking window functions Value window functions
The LAG() and LEAD() Value Window Functions
As opposed to ranking window functions, value window
functions return a value that can be found in the database
returns the value from a specified field of a record that
LAG() precedes the current row
= the value that lags the current value
SELECT
...,
LAG(column_name) OVER () AS ...
FROM
...;
The LAG() and LEAD() Value Window Functions
As opposed to ranking window functions, value window
functions return a value that can be found in the database
returns the value from a specified field of a record that
LEAD() follows the current row
= the value that leads the current value
SELECT
...,
LEAD(column_name) OVER () AS ...
FROM
...;
MySQL Aggregate Functions
in the Context of Window Functions
Aggregate Functions in the Context of Window Functions
MySQL aggregate functions in the context of window functions
≈ aggregate window functions
Aggregate Functions in the Context of Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
Aggregate window functions Nonaggregate window functions
Ranking window functions Value window functions
Aggregate Functions in the Context of Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
Aggregate window functions Nonaggregate window functions
Ranking window functions Value window functions
Aggregate Functions in the Context of Window Functions
MySQL Window Functions
Aggregate window functions Nonaggregate window functions
= window functions involving the
use of MySQL aggregate functions
Ranking window functions Value window functions
ROW_NUMBER() LAG()
RANK() LEAD()
DENSE_RANK()
Aggregate Functions in the Context of Window Functions
We must be very careful when utilizing aggregate functions
e.g. SUM() AVG()
Whether or not the aggregate functions will relate to the window function we
are implementing, depends entirely on the way we organize our data and on the
syntax we employ
Aggregate Functions in the Context of Window Functions
MySQL aggregate functions in
MySQL aggregate the context of window functions
functions (≈aggregate window functions)
Application of the groups of values data partitions
window function on:
Reference to: the values of a a window specification
certain column
MySQL clause: GROUP BY OVER PARTITION BY
WINDOW
Reduces the number of
records returned:
