UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO

MEMORANDUM

TEST 01

MODULE: SCHA022 02 AUG 2022

(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2)
Question 1 (Multiple-Choice-Questions)

1. Using a spectrophotometric analytical technique, the glucose concentrations in a patient with

mildly elevated glucose levels were measured and recorded in mg/L as follows: 16.67, 16.66,
16.64, 16.30, 16.31 and 16.70. Determine the mean? (2)

A. 16.57
B. 16.555
C. 16.55
D. 16.54
E. 16.65

2. The titration of a 250.0 mL sample yielded the following results for chloride determination: for
each 25.00 mL aliquot, 36.88, 36.82, 36.83, and 36.85 mL of the AgNO 3 with a molarity of
0.1167 ± 0.0002 M. The mean was found to be 36.85 mg/L. Calculate the standard deviation.
(2)

A. 0.039
B. 0.027
C. 0.023
D. 0.024
E. 0.028

3. A sample with a known nitrogen concentration of 16.68 mg/mL was used to test a new method
for nitrogen analysis. The following nitrogen concentrations in mg/mL were discovered in the
five samples: 16.54, 16.64, 16.30, 16.67, and 16.70. Determine the relative error for the mean
of the data. (2)

A. - 0.66 mg/mL.
B. - 0.022 mg/mL.
C. 0.022 mg/mL.
D. 0. 019 mg/mL.
E. 0.66 mg/mL.
4. The correct term for undesirable material that is adsorbed onto the surface of the precipitate
due to increased surface area. (2)

A. Co-precipitation.
B. Surface adsorption.
C. Mixed crystal formation.
D. Occlusion.
E. Reprecipitation.

5. Which particular step in a typical quantitative process is incorrect? (2)

A. Acquiring the sample

B. Eliminating interferences
C. Calculating results
D. Processing the sample
E. Weighing the sample

6. The idea of relative supersaturation (Q-S)/S is applied to account for the experimental factors
that affect the precipitate particle size as determined by gravimetric analysis. Which of the
following statements is correct? (2)

A. When (Q – S)/S is small, a crystalline solid is more likely

B. Precipitating from dilute solution decreases Q, resulting in colloidal particles
C. Precipitating from hot solution increases S, resulting in colloidal particles
D. The pH must always be controlled in order to obtain crystalline precipitates
E. Slow addition of the precipitating agent tends to produce colloidal precipitates

7. Using the Karl-Fisher method, a series of repeat measurements for the water content in a
sample of ethanol produced the following results: 0.65 %, 0.72 %, 0.68 %, and 0.91 %. Determine
whether the final value should be accepted or rejected at the 95% confidence level as it seems
abnormal. Qcrit is 0.710 at the 95 % confidence level. (2)
 A. Qcalc > Qcrit
B. Qcalc < Qcrit
C. Qcalc = Qcrit
D. Qcalc ≤ Qcrit
E. Qcalc ≥ Qcrit

8. We have 95% confidence in our interval, instead of 100%, because we need to account for the
fact that: (2)

A. the sample may not be truly random

B. we have a sample, and not the whole population
C. the distribution of hours worked may be skewed
D. we have the whole population, and not the sample
E. none

9. Which one of the following is not an advantage of gravimetric analysis? (2)

A. It is a time-saving technique.
B. It is accurate and precise method
C. Sources of errors can be readily checked
D. Apparatus are simple and not expensive
E. All answers are correct
10. Which of the following tests would be used for comparison of precision? (2)

A. T- Test
B. Z –Test
C. Q Test
D. F- Test
E. Two tail test
Question 2
Match column A to column B. Select the correct letter next to it, e.g., 11. F. (10)

Column A Column B
1. Adsorption process A. a method of mass transfer that involves the sorption
of gases or other solutes onto solid or liquid surfaces.
2. Supersaturation B. a physically non-equilibrium state where, depending
on the system's temperature and pressure, a solution
contains more solute than equilibrium solubility allows.
3. Reprecipitation C. the procedure of returning a precipitate back into
solution only to have it precipitate again.
4. Sampling D. a component of the entire compound or material
that has been collected for analysis.
5. Quantitative analysis E. concerned about the amount of the identified
chemical species.
6. Variance F. the standard deviation of the measurements,
squared.
7. Coefficient of G. the standard deviation divided by the mean of the
variation measurements, and then multiplied by 100 in order to
get a percentage.
8. Null hypothesis H. there are two similar possibilities.
9. Analytical Chemistry I. a discipline of science that develops and uses
techniques, tools, and approaches for separating,
identifying, and quantifying chemical species from any
material throughout time and space.
10. Confidence level J. the probability that a given range contains the true
mean
 Question 3
1. An organic compound sample weighing 0.2121 g was burned in an oxygen stream, and the CO 2
that resulted was captured in a barium hydroxide solution. If 0.6006 g of BaCO 3 were produced,
determine the percentage of carbon in the sample. (7)

Reaction of Ba(OH)2 with CO2 could be written as

Ba(OH)2 + CO2 BaCO3 + H2O
As shown in the equation , one mole of CO2 gives one mole of BaCO3
Thus, the percentage of carbon in organic compound can be calculated from the known mass of of
BaCO3
Calculate moles of BaCO3
Given,
Mass of BaCO3 0.6006 g
Mass organic compound 0.3121 g
We know malar mass of BaCO3 197.34 g/mol
given mass
Moles BaCO 3 ¿
molar mass
0.6006 g
So moles CO2 ¿
197.34 g/mol
Also we know that 1 mole of CO2 contains 1 mole of C
0.6006 g
This gives moles C ¿
197.34 g/mol
= 3.043 × 10 -3 mol
Now, convert moles of mass
We know the molar mass of C 12.0111 g/mol
mass C = moles × molar mass
= 3.043 × 10-3 mol × 12.0111 g/mol
=0.03655 g
mass C
%C = × 100%
mass sample
0.03655 g C
¿ × 100%
0.3121 g sample
=11.71%

2. By combining four duplicate studies, it was discovered that an atomic absorption technique for
estimating the quantity of iron in used jet engine oil had a standard deviation of 3.6 mg Fe/mL. If the
result of 18.5 mg Fe/mL was based on the mean of four analyses, (a) determine the 95% confidence
interval for the result of 18.5 mg Fe/mL if it was based on the mean of four analyses, and (b) s is a
good estimate of σ s is a good estimate of s. (7)
¿
We know that N = 4, x = 18.5 mg Fe/mL and s = 3.6 mg Fe/mL. For three degrees of freedom and
95% confidence level t = 3.18
¿
ts
95 % CI=x ±
√n
3.18 x 3.6
¿ 18.5 ±
√4
¿ 0.084 ± 6.6 mg Fe/mL
(b) Because s = 0.0050% is a good estimate of σ, for a 95% confidence level, z = 1.96.
The 95% CI can be calculated as follows:
¿
zs
95 % CI=x ±
√n
¿ ZS
95% CI = x ± √ n
1.96 ×3.6
95% CI = 18.5 ±
√4
= 18.5 ± 3.5 mg Fe/mL

3. The Mn in a 1.52 g sample of manganese ore is precipitated as Mn 3O4  x H2O by the addition of
aqueous NH3. The residue is ignited at high temperature to give 0.126 g of pure Mn 3O4. Calculate the
% Mn in the ore ( 6)

wt ppt fw (analyte) a (molanalyte)

%Analyte= × (GF )× 100
wt sample fw ( ppt) b (molppt )
0.126 gMn 3O 4 54.938 g /mol 3 mol( Mn)
%Analyte= × ¿ × 100
1.52 g 228.82(g /mol) 1mol (Mn 3 O 4)
0.0907 g
= x 100
1.52 g
= 5.97 %

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