8,0 ROOF Design

8,1 EVALUATION OF ROOF THICKNESS

(i) Tank
Tank Raduis = 14 m
Roof slop 1 : 12
Roof thickness = 5.00 mm
Center column Cap diameter ,Dcap = 2100 mm
Roof
Roof
slope,
slope,
ß° ß° = 4.7672725 °
Roof height , Hr = 1,126 mm
Insulation thickness, ti = 0 mm
Insulation density = 128 kg/m3
Momen arm of uplift Wind force on Roof =OD/2 = 6.75 m
Plan proj.area of Roof for wind Moment = π* R 2 = 143.13882 mm²
(ii) No.of Rafters = 60 Nos.
Max spacing bet,n rafters ,L =Tank primeter / No.of Raf. = 1413.72 mm
Max spacing between rafter =9.28 FT as per clause 5.10.4.4 = 2828.54 mm Safe
Min.thk.of Roof Plates as per 5.10.2.2 = 4.78 mm
Min.thk.of Roof Plates including corrosion = 4.78 mm
(iii) Roof Loads per appendix R
* Plates ,DL1, = 39.25 kg/m2 = 8.04303279 psf
5.00 2
* Misc.Loads ,DL2, = kg/m = 1.02459016 psf
* Vaccum ,PE , = 0.00 kg/m2 = 0 psf
* Live Load ,LL , = 122.30 kg/m2 = 25.0614754 psf
* Uplift Wind Load WL, = 147 kg/m2 = 30.025173 psf
2
* Insulation DL3, = 0 kg/m = 0 psf
* Internal Pressure PI , = 2549.29 kg/m2 = 522.395492 psf
Loads combinations
* Case (1) DL+LL 166.55 kg/m2 = 34.1290984 PSF
2
* Case (2) DL+LL+WL 20.03 kg/m = 4.10392541 PSF
* Case (3) DL+LL+WL+PE -102.27 kg/m2 = -20.95755 PSF
2
* Case (4) DLL+PE 44.25 kg/m = 9.06762295 PSF
* Case (5) DL+PI -2505.04 kg/m2 = -513.32787 PSF
* Case (6) DL+LL+PI 166.55 kg/m2 = 34.1290984 PSF
* Max Roof Load , UT 166.55 kg/m2 = 34.1290984 PSF

Max. bending moment assumed simply supported from one side and continous from other side
M= UT*L2/10 = 3328.66 Kg.cm/m
As per 5.10.3.1 .stress should not exceed limitations specified in AISC
Fa =0.75 Fy = 1843.1367 Kg/cm2
Req.Plate thickness of Roof , tr =(6*M /(B*Fb))0.5 = 3.2917857 mm
where
* Plate width B = 100 cm
* Corrosion allowance ca = 0 mm
Min.thickness including corrosion allowance tmin. = 4.0 mm
Provided thickness of Roof Plates t = 6.0 mm
(iv) ROOF PLATES JOINTS& WIGHT

Roof Plates Joint Efficiency (Lap joint) E = 0.35

Roof Radius devlopment RD = 13.55 m
Weight of Roof Plates New Wn = 27,833.93 kg
Weight of Roof Plates corroded Wc = 27,833.93 kg
 7 ROOF STRUCTURE DESIGN
Assumptions
1. Considering the effect of slope of roof negligible.
2. Load acting on the main & secondary rafters is considered uniformly distributed.
3. Assuming the effect of eccentricity loading on the center column negligible.

Tributary area of sec.rafters

IPE270
23 nos.
Roof framing fig. Tributary area of main Rafters
IPE400
I.D. = 27.00 m 23 nos.

DR =Ring Rafter
13.5 m
Center Col. UPN 180
Pipe 14"Ø STD 23 nos.

No. of Rafters
Diameter of the tank, in m (D) = 27.00 m
Diameter of the ring, in m (DR) = 13.50 m
Total no. of rafters on the circumference of the shell, (nM+nS) = 46.00 Nos
Provided rafter center line spacing, in m = 1.844 m <= 1.885 m O.K.

(i) Sizing of Secondary Rafters

Span L = 6.77 m
Spacing at shell = Л *D/(ns+nM) S = 1.844 m
Spacing at ring Sr = 0.922 m
Average uniform distributed load = wunif. * (S+Sr)*UT/2 = 230 kg/m
Using 16 Nos IPE270
Self weight = 36.1 kg/m
Beam flange Depth = 200 mm
Total uniform load acting on the beam including self weight, ws
ws = 266 kg/m
Sectional modulus Z = 407.76 cm³
Moment of Inertia Ix = 5504.75 cm4

As per AISC for uniformly distributed load

Maximum bending moment acting on the beam M = ws*L²/8 = 1527.99 kg-m
Allowable bending stress of A36 = 0.66Fy ,f.all. = 160 Mpa
fall. = 1088 kg/cm2
 Modulus of Elasticity E = 200000 Mpa
Max.Bending stress , fb.max. = M/Z = 374.73 kg/cm2 Safe
Sectional modulus req., in cm³ Z = M*100/f all. = 140.48 cm³ < 407.76 cm³ Safe

Use 23 NOS. IPE270 As secondary rafters.

Beam deflection = 5*ws*L4 / (384*E*Ix) = 0.632 cm Actual
Max.Deflection Allowable = L/360 = 1.882 cm Accepted

(ii) Sizing of Ring Rafters

Span L = 1.844 m
Use 23 NOS. UPN 180 As ring rafters.
Flange Depth = 180 mm
Self weight wr = 25.3 kg/m
Sectional modulus Z = 407.76 cm³
Moment of Inertia Ix = 5504.75 cm
4

Total concentrated load P = 902.34 kg

Maximum bending moment acting on the beam .M P*L/4
= +Wr *L2 / 8= 426.73 kg-m

yield strenght for A36 structural material, Fy = 1527.99 Mpa

Sectional modulus required, in cm³ Z = M*100/f.all = 39.23 cm³ < 407.759009 cm³ Safe

Max.Bending stress ,fb =M/Z =

10.3 Mpa Safe
3
Deflection = P*L / 48*E*Ix + 5*wr*L4 / (384*E*Ix) = 0.011 cm
Max.Deflection Allowabel =L/360 = 0.512 cm Accepted

(iii) Sizing of Main Rafters

Cent.col.cap.Dia. = 1.7816 m
span L = 12.609 m
Use 23 NOS. IPE400 As main rafters.
Beam Flange Depth = 400 mm
Self weight wr = 66.3 kg/m

Sectional modulus Z = 1093.82 cm³

Moment of Inertia Ix= 21876.47 cm4
Spacing at shell = 1.844 m
Spacing at center column ( we consider center column inner B.C.D
Sc = 0.2868411 m
Triangular load acting on the beam wt = wunif * S = 307.12 kg/m
Concentrated load from ring rafters (at mid span) = P + self wgt of ring = 949.00 kg

Maximum bending moment acting on the beam

M = 0.064 *Wt*L2 + P*L / 4 + wm*L2/ 8 = 7434.22 kg-m
Minimum yield strenght for A36 structural material, Fy = 240.00 Mpa
Allowable bending stress of A36 = 0.66Fy = 159.84 Mpa
Sectional modulus required, in cm³ Z = M*100/fall. = 683 cm³ < 1093.82 cm³
Max.Bending stress , fb =M/Z = 66.65 Mpa
Beam deflection
∆ 0.00652*wt*L4/E.Ix
= +P*L3/ 48*E*Ix + 5*wm*L4 / (384*E*Ix) = 2.456 cm

Max.deflection allowable =L/240 = 5.254 cm

Bracing>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> L60*60*6 If any = 1155.6 kg
(iv) Sizing of Center Column
Col.Corrosion = 2 mm
Roof slope 4.77 degree
length of center column, Lc = 11.13 m
Load acting on the column (DL+ LL) = 60642 kg

Total load acting on the column = 60,642 kg

Assumed Size of the Column Pipe 14"Ø STD
self weight = 81.17 kg/m
outer diameter, Do = 355.6 mm
inside diameter, Di = 336.56 mm
wall thickness, t = 7.52 mm
radius of gyration, r = 122.4 mm
Effective area of cross section , A = 103.5 cm²
k = 2.00 cm
Total compressive load acting on the column including self weight = 61545 kgs
As per AISC, Slenderness ratio,K L/r, max = 180 = 90.9 < 180 O.K.
Fy = Yield stress of the pipe column = 1088 kg/cm²
= 107 Mpa
Calculations Max. allowable stress for Central Column
P=total Roof Load Supported by column = 60642 kg
Fa =Allowable Compressive Stress (per API -650 5.10.3.4 )
Per API 650 5.10.3.3
As per AISC, Slenderness ratio,K =L/r, max = 180
Raduis of Gyration of Column required = 61.812658 mm
Raduis of Gyration of Column = 122.40 mm >>>>>>>>Accepted
Cc = Column Selenderness Ratio = SQRT (2 ∏^2 x E / Fy )
Where :
E=Modulus of Elasticity for Column material at design tempreature = 199000 Mpa
Fy= Yield stress for cloumns material at design tempreature = 107 Mpa
Selendreness Ratio ,K = 90.897965
Cc = 191.9
Fs = Factor Safety 5/3= + 3 * k /(8*(Cc))-k ^3/(8*(Cc)^3) = 1.8
Using AISC specification Formulas Section E 2 , let K=1
k = 90.9 Since KL/r < Cc : Equation (1) >>>>>>>Applicable
F =Actual induced Stress for the Column =(P + Column self weight) / A
Fa =(([1-K 2/ (2*Cc^2) ]* FY) / F.S) = 51.7 Mpa--------------(1)
Fa =(12 π 2*E ) / ( 23 * K ^2) = 124.0 Mpa--------------(2)
F = 58.3 Mpa >>>>>>Not Safe
Using Central ColumnPipe 14"Ø STD Safe

Sizing of Col.Cap
Cap Diameter 2m
Stiffeners of Cap 713 mm X 356.5 x 15 mm
Top Beams w,t = 7.968 kg
Weight of Cap = 1078.103 kg
(v) Sizing of Center Column Base Plate
Maximum load on the column = 61545 kgs
Considering center column is resting on concrete foundation
Ultimate strength of concrete (28 day) = 300 kg/cm²
Allowable compressive strength, fc = 90 kg/cm²
Using base plate 455 X 455 X 16 mm
Actual bearing perssure on concrete = Load / base plate area
= 37.87 kg/cm² < 90 Safe
Outside diameter of the column = 355.6 mm
Overhanging of the base plate, L = 4.97 cm
Considering section of unit width, b = 1 cm
Maximum bending moment , M =b.w.L2 / 2 = 467.72 kg.cm

As per Table 6 for column base plate under class 2 material

allowable bending stress, f = 165.4 Mpa = 1686.2 kg/cm²
Thickness of the base plate req.,t = sqrt( 6M/b*f) = 12.90 mm
Thickness provided = 16 mm Safe
Base Plate Wight = 20.42219 kg

(vi) Sizing of Center Column Base Plate

As per 5.1.5.9 - e, minimum section of curb angle is :
76 x 76 x 9.5 mm for tank diameter D > 18 m
As per Sec. 3.5.3
A tension or compression ring is often required to resist the circumferential
forces generated by the discontinous membrane forces.
S = F / (AL + 0.78 (Rt)0.5)
Provided size of curb angle 150 x 150 x 15
w/r AL = provided area of curb angle, in in² = 2300 mm 2

Self w,t = 60 kg/m

Ap= Participating area of the shell 0.78 (Rt)0.5 , in in² = 8.74 in²
Ø= Angle between horizontal and roof = 4.767 deg
F= Loads on the curb angle, in lb. = 88415902 lb
R= Radius of exterior surface of the shell, in in. = 531.50 in
t= Thickness of the top shell course, in in. = 0.236 in
S= Actual stress at the curb angle = 38296 psi
Sa= Allowable stress for tension and compression rings (table 4 and 5) = 15000 psi Safe
W = Curb angle Weight = 5,089 kg

Cap = 1,078.1 kg
Col. = 903.1 kg
BasePlate+Guide angles = 47.8 kg
Rafters = 25,924.8 kg
Connections = 653.6 kg
Bracing = 1,155.6 kg
Total w,t = 34,852.3 kg