CLASS XI

EQUILIBRIUM

NOTES
WORKSHEET
QUESTION BANK

Dr. Seema Sharma

No 1-24
Notes Pg
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 Assignment
Pg No. 25-26

ASSIGNMENT - EQUILIBRIUM
1 What are the conjugate bases of H3O+, H2SO4.
2 The salt of strong acid and strong base does not undergo hydrolysis. Comment.
3 The equilibrium constants of a reaction are 27oC and 127oC are 1.6 X 10-3 and
7.8 X 10-2 respectively. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Justify your
statement.
4 What are the conjugate acids of F-, NH3.
5 Find the pH of the solution made by dissolving 0.2 gram of NaOH in 250 ml of
water.
6 Find the pH of the solution made by dissolving 2.83 gram of KOH in 1 litre of
water,
7 What effect does sodium acetate have on a solution of acetic acid, according to
Le-Chateliers principle.
8 The equilibrium constants of a reaction at 27oC and 7oC are 1.6X10-3 and 7.6X10-
2
respectively. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?
9 For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2 (g) à2NH3(g) the value of Kp is 3.6 x10-2 at 500 K.
Calculate the value of Kc for the reaction at the same temperature.
10 A mixture of N2, H2 and NH3 with molar concentrations 4 X 10-3 molL-1, 5 X 10-3
molL-1 and 2 molL-1 respectively was prepared and heated to 500 K. The value of
Kc for the reaction : N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 at this temperature is 60.
Predict whether ammonia tends to form or to decompose at this stage of
concentration.
11 Why is an excess of ammonium chloride added to the solution before adding
NH4OH for detecting/identifying cations of group III ?
12 Dihydrogen is obtained from natural gas by partial oxidation with steam as per
the following endothermic reaction:
CH4 (g) + H2O (g) --> CO (g) + 3 H2 (g)
a) Write an expression for Kp for the above reaction.
b) How will the values of Kc and composition of equilibrium mixture be affected
by
i) increasing the pressure
Ii) increasing the temperature
Iii) using a catalyst?
13 The solubility of silver chloride in water at 298 K is 0.00188 gL.-1. What is its Ksp.
14 An acid having pH = 6 is diluted 100 times. Calculate the pH of the final solution.
15 Calculate the pH of 10-10 M NaOH solution.
16 At 473 K, equilibrium constant Kc for decomposition of phosphorus
pentachloride, PCl5 is 8.3 ×10-3. If decomposition is depicted as,
ΔrH° = 124.0 kJmol–1
Conta .....
a) Write an expression for Kc for the reaction.
-

b) What is the value of Kc for the reverse reaction at the same temperature?
c) What would be the effect on Kc if (i) more PCl5 is added (ii) pressure is
increased? (iii) The temperature is increased?

17 The pH of a sample of vinegar is 3.76. Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in

it.
18 The pH of a sample of blood is 7.38. Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in it.
19 The ionization constant of acetic acid is 1.74 x 10-5. Calculate the degree of
dissociation of acetic acid in its 0.05 M solution. Calculate the concentration of
acetate ions in the solution and its pH.
20 (i) Point out the differences between ionic product and solubility product.
(ii) The solubility of AgCl in water at 298 K is 1.06 x 10-5 mole per litre. Calculate
its solubility product at this temperature.
 -
->

QUESTION BANK
1

Pg No. 26-48
 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
QUESTION BANK

1. We know that the relationship between K and K isc p

What would be the value of for the reaction

(i)1 (ii) 0.5 (iii) 1.5 (iv) 2

Ans. (iv) 2
Explanation: = no. of moles of product - no. of moles of reactant.

2. For the reaction the standard free energy is

. The equilibrium constant (K) would be .
(i) K = 0 (ii) K > l (iii) K = 1 (iv) K < 1
Ans. (iv) K < 1
Explanation:

If then is negative, and . That is K<1, which

implies a non-spontaneous reaction or a reaction which proceeds in the
forward direction to such a small degree that only a very minute quantity of
product is formed.

3. Which of the following is not a general characteristic of equilibria

involving physical processes?
(i) Equilibrium is possible only in a closed system at a given temperature.
(ii) All measurable properties of the system remain constant.
(iii) All the physical processes stop at equilibrium.
(iv) The opposing processes occur at the same rate and there is dynamic but
stable condition.
Ans. (iii) All the physical processes stop at equilibrium.
Explanation: Both the opposing processes occur at the same rate and there
is a dynamic but stable condition.
 PCIs PCs Gr

I 4. PCl53
, PCl and ClIare at equilibrium at 500 K in a closed container and
28
5 3 2

-3 -3 -3
their concentrations are 0.8x10 mol/l , 1.2x10 mol/l and 1.2x10
mol/l respectively. The value of K for the reaction of decomposition of
c

PCl5 will be
-
-
8x10-3
[PC7 = 0 .

x10-3
-

(i) -
-
(ii) [PUs] = 1 3 .

(iii) x10-3
(iv) [Ck] = 1 - 2

Ans. (ii)
⑪
Explanation:

.-
It is a constant with no unit.

5. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(i) In equilibrium mixture of ice and water kept in perfectly insulated flask mass
of ice and water does not change with time.
(ii) The intensity of red colour increases when oxalic acid is added to a
solution containing iron (III) nitrate and potassium thiocyanate.
(iii) On addition of catalyst the equilibrium constant value is not affected,
(iv) Equilibrium constant for a reaction with negative value decreases as
the temperature increases.
Ans. (ii) The intensity of red colour increases when oxalic acid is added to a
solution containing iron (III) nitrate and potassium thiocyanate.
Explanation: Oxalic acid (H C O ), reacts with Fe ions to form the stable
3+

2 2 4

complex ion [Fe(C O ) ] -, thus decreasing the concentration of free Fe (aq).

3 3+

2 4 3

Because the concentration of [Fe(SCN)] decreases, as a result the intensity of

2+

red colour decreases.

6. When hydrochloric acid is added to cobalt nitrate solution at room

temperature, the following reaction takes place and the reaction mixture
becomes blue. On cooling the mixture, it becomes pink. On the basis of
this information mark the correct answer.

(i) > 0 for the reaction

 (ii) < 0 for the reaction
(iii) = 0 for the reaction
(iv) The sign of cannot be predicted on the basis of this information.
Ans. (i) > 0 for the reaction
Explanation: On cooling the mixture reaction moves towards backward
direction it means it is an endothermic reaction i.e., > 0.

7. The pH of neutral water at 25°C is 7.0. As the temperature increases,

ionisation of water increases, however, the concentration of H ions and
+

OH ions are equal. What will be the pH of pure water at 60°C?

-

(i) Equal to 7.0

(ii) Greater than 7.0
(iii) Less than 7.0
(iv) Equal to zero
Ans. (iii) Less than 7.0
Explanation: As K increases [H ][OH ]>10
+ - -14

As [H ]=[OH ]
+ -

or [H ] =10
+ 2 -14

or [H ]>10 M
+ -7

pH < 7

8. The ionisation constant of an acid, K , is the measure of strength of an

a

acid. The K values of acetic acid, hypochlorous acid and formic acid are
a

respectively. Which of the following orders

of pH of 0.1 mol dm solutions of these acids is correct?
-3

(i) acetic acid > hypochlorous acid > formic acid

(ii) hypochlorous acid > acetic acid > formic acid
(iii) formic acid > hypochlorous acid > acetic acid
(iv) formic acid > acetic acid > hypochlorous acid
Ans. (iv) formic acid > acetic acid > hypochlorous acid
Explanation: Higher the value of K higher will be the acidic strength.
a

eli 9.
reactions.
are the respective ionisation constants for the following

i Ka
,
 -

The correct relationship between is

(i)

:
(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Ans. (i)

Explanation:

For dibasic acid,

10. Acidity of BF can be explained on the basis of which of the following

3

concepts?
(i) Arrhenius concept
(ii) Bronsted Lowry concept
(iii) Lewis concept
(iv) Bronsted Lowry as well as Lewis concept.
Ans. (iii) Lewis concept
Explanation: BF is an electron deficient species that is why it is a Lewis acid.
3

(all Lewis acid can accept a pair of electrons)

11. Which of the following will produce a buffer solution when mixed in
equal volumes?
(i) 0.1 mol dm NH OH and 0.1 mol dm HCl
-3 -3

(ii) 0.05 mol dm NH OH and 0.1 mol dm HCl

-3 -3

(iii) 0.1 mol dm NH OH and 0.05 mol dm HCl

-3 -3

(iv) 0.1 mol dm CH COONa and 0.1 mol dm NaOH

-3 -3

Ans. (iii) 0.1 mol dm NH OH and 0.05 mol dm HCl

-3 -3

Explanation: A mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide acts

as a buffer around pH 9.25.
12. In which of the following solvents is silver chloride most soluble?
(i) 0.1 mol dm AgN0 solution
-3

(ii) 0.1 mol dm HCl solution

-3

(iii) H O
2

(iv) Aqueous ammonia

Ans. (iv) Aqueous ammonia
Explanation: Aqueous ammonia will absorb chloride ions and thus the
equilibria will shift in forward direction and solubility of silver chloride will
increase.

13. What will be the value of pH of 0.01 mol dm CH COOH?

-3

(i) 3.4
(ii) 3.6
(iii) 3.9
(iv) 3.0
Ans. (i) 3.4
Explanation:

14. K for CH COOH is

a 3
and K , for
b
. The pH of
ammonium acetate will be
(i) 7.005
(ii) 4.75
(iii) 7.0
(iv) Between 6 and 7
Ans. (iii) 7.0
Explanation: CH COONH is a salt of weak acid and weak base.
3 4

15. Which of the following options will be correct for the stage of half
completion of the reaction ?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Ans. (i)
Explanation: At the stage of half completion of reaction [A] = [B]. Therefore, K
= 1. Thus,

16. On increasing the pressure, in which direction will the gas phase
reaction proceed to re-establish equilibrium, is predicted by applying the
Le Chatelier’s principle. Consider the reaction.

Which of the following is correct, if the total pressure at which the

equilibrium is established, is increased without changing the
temperature?
(i) K will remain same
(ii) K will decrease
(iii) K will increase
(iv) K will increase initially and decrease when pressure is very high
Ans. (i) K will remain same
Explanation: Equilibrium constant K will remain same if temperature is not
changed.

17. What will be the correct order of vapour pressure of water, acetone
and ether at 30°C. Given that among these compounds, water has
maximum boiling point and ether has minimum boiling point?
(i) Water < ether < acetone
(ii) Water < acetone < ether
(iii) Ether < acetone < water
(iv) Acetone < ether < water
Ans. (ii) Water < acetone < ether
 Explanation: Greater the boiling point, lower will be the vapour pressure.

-18. At 500 K, equilibrium constant, K , for the following reaction is 5.

c

What would be the equilibrium constant K for the reaction?

c

(i) 0.04
(ii) 0.4
(iii) 25
(iv) 2.5
Ans. (i) 0.04
Explanation: If the equation is multiplied by 2, the equilibrium constant for the
new equation is the square of K and on reversing the reaction the value of the
equilibrium constant is inversed.
⑲

For
K = 5 = 25
2

For
-

19. In which of the following reactions, the equilibrium remains

unaffected on addition of small amount of argon at constant volume?

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv) The equilibrium will remain unaffected in all the three cases.
Ans. (iv) The equilibrium will remain unaffected in all the three cases.
Explanation: At constant volume equilibrium remains unaffected with the
addition of inert gas.

Multiple Choice Questions (Type-II)

In the following questions two or more options may be correct.
20. For the reaction the value of K is 50 at 400 K and
1700 at 500 K. Which of the following options is correct?
(i) The reaction is endothermic.
(ii) The reaction is exothermic.
(iii) If NO (g) and N O (g) are mixed at 400 K at partial pressures 20 bar and 2
2 2 4
bar respectively, more N O (g) will be formed.
2 4

(iv) The entropy of the system increases.

Ans. (i), (iii) and (iv)
Explanation: K increases with increase in temperature.
K increases, it shows that the reaction must be endothermic.
No. of molecules increases thus, there is increase in entropy.
21. At a particular temperature and atmospheric pressure, the solid and
liquid phases of a pure substance can exist in equilibrium. Which of the
following term defines this temperature?
(i) Normal melting point
(ii) Equilibrium temperature
(iii) Boiling point
(iv) Freezing point
Ans. (i) and (iv)
Explanation: Ice and water are in equilibrium only at particular temperature
and pressure. For any pure substance at atmospheric pressure, the
temperature at which the solid and liquid phases are at equilibrium is called
the normal melting point or normal freezing point of the substance. For
example it is 4°C in case of water. The system here is in dynamic equilibrium.

22. The ionisation of hydrochloric acid in water is given below:

Label two conjugate acid-base pairs in this ionisation.

Ans.
Conjugate acid and conjugate base are marked as follows.

23. The aqueous solution of sugar does not conduct electricity. However,
when sodium chloride is added to water, it conducts electricity. How will
you explain this statement on the basis of ionisation and how is it
affected by concentration of sodium chloride?
Ans. Conductance depends upon no. of ions present in the solution since
sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compund and as mixed with water it ionizes
completely forming an aqueous electrolytic solution. Hence, the solution
conducts electricity.

24. BF does not have proton but still acts as an acid and reacts with NH .
3 3

Why is it so? What type of bond is formed between the two?

Ans. BF does not have a proton but still acts as an acid because it is an
3

electron pair acceptor and reacts with NH by accepting its lone pair of
3

electrons. The reaction can be represented by

Coordinate bond is formed between BF and NH . Nitrogen acts as lone pair

3 3

donator in this combination.

25. Ionisation constant of a weak base MOH, is given by the expression

Values of ionisation constant of some weak bases at a particular

temperature are given below:

BaseDimethylamineUrea Pyridine Ammonia

Kb

Arrange the bases in decreasing order of the extent of their ionisation at

equilibrium. Which of the above base is the strongest?

Ans.
Higher the value of K stronger will be the base. Among the given bases, the
b

strongest base is Dimethylamine.

26. Conjugate acid of a weak base is always stronger. What will be the
decreasing order of basic strength of the following conjugate bases?

Ans.
Strongest the acid, weak will be its conjugate base.

27. Arrange the following in increasing order of pH.

Ans.
Salts of strong acid and strong base do not hydrolyse and form neutral
solution thus, pH will be nearly 7 of KNO . In sodium acetate, acetic acid
3

remains unionised this results in increase in OH concentration and pH will be

-
more than 7. NH Cl formed from weak base, NH OH and strong acid, HCl, in
4 4

water dissociates completely, aq. ammonium ions undergo hydrolysis with

water to form NH OH and H ions resulting in less pH value.
+

28/10
28. The value of K for the reaction
c /

At a given time, the composition of reaction mixture is

and . In which direction,

will the reaction proceed?
Ans. At a given time the reaction quotient Q for the reaction will be given by
the expression

As the value of reaction quotient is greater than the value of K i.e.,c

, the
reaction will proceed in the reverse direction.

29. On the basis of the equation pH = - log [H ], the pH of 10 mol dm

+ -8 -

solution of HCl should be 8. However, it is observed to be less than 7.0.

3

Explain the reason.

Ans. Here concentration of water cannot be neglected since the solution is
very dilute. pH will be less than 7.0.

30. pH of a solution of a strong acid is 5.0. What will be the pH of the

solution obtained after diluting the given solution a 100 times?
Ans. pH = 5

On 100 times dilution

On calculating the pH using the equation pH = -log[H ], value of pH comes out

+

to be 7. It is not possible. This indicates that solution is very dilute. Hence,

Total hydrogen ion concentration = [H ]
+

31. A sparingly soluble salt gets precipitated only when the product of
concentration of its ions in the solution becomes greater than its
solubility product. If the solubility of BaSO in water is
4
mol
calculate its solubility in 0.01 mol dm of H SO .
-3

2 4

Ans.

K for BaSO in water

sp 4

But

The expression for K in the presence of sulphuric acid will be as follows:

sp

Since, value of K will not change in the presence of sulphuric acid.

sp

Therefore, from (1) and (2), we have,

32. pH of 0.08 mol dm HOCl solution is 2.85. Calculate its ionisation
-3

constant.
Ans. pH of HOCl = 2.85
But, -pH = log [H ]
+

For weak mono basic acid

33. Calculate the pH of a solution formed by mixing equal volumes of

two solutions A and B of a strong acid having pH = 6 and pH = 4
respectively.
Ans. pH of solution A = 6
Therefore, concentration of [H ] ion in solution A = 10 mol L
+ -6 -1

pH of solution B = 4
Therefore, concentration of [H ] ion in solution B = 10 mol L .
+ -4 -1

On mixing one litre of each solution, total volume = 1L + 1L = 2L.

Amount of H ions in 1L of solution
+
Amount of in 1L of solution
Total amount of H+ ions in the solution formed by mixing solutions A and B
is
This amount is present in 2L solution.

Thus pH will be 4.3

34. The solubility product of Al(OH) is 3

. Calculate its solubility
in gL and also find out pH of this solution. (Atomic mass of Al = 27 u).
-1

Ans. Let S be the solubility of Al(OH) 3

Concentration of species at t = 0
Concentration of various
species at equilibrium

(i) Solubility of Al(OH) : Molar mass of Al(OH) is 78 g. Therefore, Solubility of

3 3

Al(OH) in 3

(ii) pH of the solution:

35. Calculate the volume of water required to dissolve 0.1 g lead (II)
chloride to get a saturated solution. , atomic mass
of Pb = 207 u).
Ans. K of PbCl
sp 2

Let S be the solubility of PbCl 2

Molar mass of PbCl = 278 2

Solubility of PbCl in g L =
-1

= 0.556 g L
-1

To get saturated solution, 0.556 g of PbCl is dissolved in 1 L water.

2

0.1 g PbCl is dissolved in

2
.
To make a saturated solution, dissolution of 0.1 g PbCl in 2
of
water will be required.

36. A reaction between ammonia and boron trifluoride is given below:

Identify the acid and base in this reaction. Which theory explains it?
What is the hybridisation of B and N in the reactants?
Ans. NH is Lewis base while BF is Lewis acid. Lewis electronic theory of
3 3

acids and bases explains it.

Hybridisation state: N in NH is sp hybridised and Boron in BF is
3

3 3

sp hybridised.
2
37. Following data is given for the reaction:

Predict the effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant of the

above reaction.

Ans.

The reaction is endothermic. Hence, according to Le Chatelier’s principle,

reaction will proceed in forward direction on increasing temperature.

MATCHING TYPE
38. Match the following equilibria with the corresponding condition.

(i) Liquid Vapour (a) Saturated solution

(ii) Solid Liquid (b) Boiling point

(iii) Solid Vapour (c) Sublimation point

(iv) Solute Solute (solution)(d) Melting point

(e) Unsaturated solution

Ans. (i) (b); (ii) (d); (iii) (c); (iv) (a)

39. For the reaction:

Equilibrium constant
Some reactions are written below in Column I and their equilibrium
constants in terms of K are written in Column II. Match the following
c

reactions with the corresponding equilibrium constant.

Column I (Reaction) Column II (Equilibrium)

(i) (a) 2K c
(ii) (b)

(iii) (C) J_K

(d)

Ans. (i) (d); (ii) (c); (iii) (b)

40. Match standard free energy of the reaction with the corresponding
equilibrium constant

(i) (a) K>1

(ii) (b) K=1

(iii) (c) K = 0

(d) K<1

Ans. (i) (d); (ii) (a); (iii) (b)

41. Match the following species with the corresponding conjugate acid.

Species Conjugate acid

(i) NH 3 (a)

(ii) (b)

(iii) (c)

(iv) HSO (d)H SO

4 2 4

(e) H CO 2 3

Ans. (i) (b); (ii) (e); (iii) (c); (iv) (d)

42. Match the following graphical variation with their description

A B

(a) Variation in product concentration with time.

(i)

(b) Reaction at equilibrium.

(ii)

(c) Variation in reactant concentration with time

(iii)

Ans. (i) (c); (ii) (a); (iii) (b)

43. Match Column (I) with Column (II).

Column I Column II

(i) Equilibrium (a)

(ii)Spontaneous reaction (b)

(iii) Nonspontaneous reaction (c)

(d)

Ans. (i) c; (ii) (d); (iii) (a)

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
1.
When the system A + B C + D is at equilibrium,
(a) the sum of the concentrations of A and B must equal the sum of the
concentrations of C and D.
(b) the forward reaction has stopped.
(c) both the forward and the reverse reactions have stopped.
(d) the reverse reaction has stopped.
(e) neither the forward nor the reverse reaction has stopped.~
2.
2SO3(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
The conventional equilibrium constant expression (Kc) for the system as
described by the above equation is:

-
2
(a) [SO2] /[SO3]
2 2
(b) [SO2] [O2]/[SO3]
2 2
(c) [SO3] /[SO3] [O2]
(d) [SO2][O2]
(e) none of these
3. I

Consider the following reversible reaction. In a 3.00 liter container, the

o -

following amounts are found in equilibrium at 400 C: 0.0420 mole N2, 0.516
mole H2 and 0.0357 mole NH3. Evaluate Kc. atm
R= 0 082 It.
,

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

(a) 0.202
... K-'mot
-(b) 1.99
Also calculate its kp .
0 000
= bar
(c) 16.0
.

3 Is mor
wood
87B
-

(d) 4.94

4.
(e) 0.503 kp 1 =
.

99x( 082 X
.

If the equilibrium constant for the reaction

A + 2B C + 5/2 D
has a value of 4.0, what is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction
2C + 5D 2A + 4B
at the same temperature?
(a) 0.25
 (b) 0.063
(c) 2.0
(d) 8.0
(e) 16
5.
o
At 445 C, Kc for the following reaction is 0.020.
2HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g)
o
A mixture of H2, I2, and HI in a vessel at 445 C has the following
concentrations: [HI] = 2.0 M, [H2] = 0.50 M and [I2] = 0.10 M. Which one of
the following statements concerning the reaction quotient, Qc, is TRUE for the
above system?
(a) Qc = Kc; the system is at equilibrium.
(b) Qc is less than Kc; more H2 and I2 will be produced.
(c) Qc is less than Kc; more HI will be produced.
(d) Qc is greater than Kc; more H2 and I2 will be produced.
(e) Qc is greater than Kc; more HI will be produced.
6.
Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, dissociates on heating as shown below. When a 1.50
o
gram sample of pure NOCl is heated at 350 C in a volume of 1.00 liter, the
percent dissociation is found to be 57.2%. Calculate Kc for the reaction as
written.
NOCl(g) NO(g) + 1/2 Cl2(g)
(a) 0.876
(b) 9.26
(c) 0.107
-4
(d) 1.75 x 10
(e) 0.0421
7.
o
A quantity of HI was sealed in a tube, heated to 425 C and held at this
temperature until equilibrium was reached. The concentration of HI in the tube
at equilibrium was found to be 0.0706 mol/L.
&
Calculate the equilibirum
concentration of H2 (and I2). For the gas-phase reaction,

-
o
H2 + I2 2HI Kc = 54.6 at 425 C
- -3
(a) 9.55 x 10 M
[HI]
-3 -
(b) 1.17 x 10 M
-4
(c) 1.85 x 10 M [I] [Fx] -

CC⑧
0
-3
(d) 4.78 x 10 M x
-3
(e) 2.34 x 10 M X0 0706
0 0706 .

8.
_

54 6-
=

-
Consider the reaction:
 o
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) Kc = 0.10 at 2000 C

Starting with initial concentrations of 0.040 mol/L of N2 and 0.040 mol/L of

O2, calculate the equilibrium concentration of NO in mol/L
(a) 0.0055 mol/L
(b) 0.0096 mol/L
(c) 0.011 mol/L
(d) 0.080 mol/L
(e) 0.10 mol/L

9.
o
Kc = 0.040 for the system below at 450 C. If a reaction is initiated with 0.40
mole of Cl2 and 0.40 mole of PCl3 in a 2.0 liter container, what is the
equilibrium concentration of Cl2 in the same system?
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
(a) 0.07 M
(b) 0.16 M
(c) 0.11 M
(d) 0.04 M
(e) 0.26 M
10.
The reversible reaction:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
has come to equilibrium in a vessel of specific volume at a given temperature.
Before the reaction began, the concentrations of the reactants were 0.060 mol/L
of SO2 and 0.050 mol/L of O2. After equilibrium is reached, the concentration
of SO3 is 0.040 mol/L. What is the equilibrium concentration of O2?
(a) 0.010 M
(b) 0.020 M
(c) 0.030 M
(d) 0.040 M
(e) none of these
11.
Consider the gas-phase equilibrium system represented by the equation:
2H2O(g) 2H2(g) + O2(g)
Given that the forward reaction (the conversion of "left-hand" species to "right-
 hand" species) is endothermic, which of the following changes
will decrease the equilibrium amount of H2O?
(a) adding more oxygen
(b) adding a solid phase calalyst
(c) decreasing the volume of the container (the total pressure increases)
(d) increasing the temperature at constant pressure
(e) adding He gas
12.
The conventional equilibrium constant expression (Kc) for the system below is:
2ICl(s) I2(s) + Cl2(g)
2
(a) [I2][Cl2]/[ICl]
(b) [I2][Cl2]/2[ICl]
(c) [Cl2]
(d) ([I2] + [Cl2])/2[ICl]
2
(e) [Cl2]/[ICl]
13.
Consider the equilibrium system:
2ICl(s) I2(s) + Cl2(g)
Which of the following changes will increase the total amount of of Cl2 that
can be produced?
(a) removing some of the I2(s)
(b) adding more ICl(s)
(c) removing the Cl2 as it is formed
(d) decreasing the volume of the container
(e) all of the above
14.
At equilibrium, a 1.0 liter container was found to contain 0.20 moles of A, 0.20
moles of B, 0.40 moles of C and 0.40 mole of D. If 0.10 moles of A and 0.10
moles of B are added to this system, what will be the new equilibrium
concentration of A?
A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g)
(a) 0.37 mol/L
(b) 0.47 mol/L
(c) 0.87 mol/L
(d) 0.23 mol/L
(e) 0.15 mol/L
15.
Consider the following system in a 1.00 L container:
A(g) + B(g) 2C(g)
o
The equilibrium concentrations at 200 C were determined to be:
[A] = 0.200 M [B] = 3.00 M [C] = 0.500 M
How many moles of A must be added to increase the concentration of C to
 o
0.700 M at 200 C?
(a) 0.225 mol
(b) 0.305 mol
(c) 0.417 mol
(d) 0.610 mol
(e) 0.700 mol
16.
o
Consider the reversible reaction at equilibrium at 392 C:
2A(g) + B(g) C(g)
The partial pressures are found to be: A: 6.70 atm, B: 10.1 atm, C: 3.60 atm.
Evaluate Kp for this reaction.
-3
(a) 7.94 x 10
(b) 0.146
(c) 0.0532
(d) 54.5
(e) 121

17.
o
Kc = 0.040 for the system below at 450 C:
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
o
Evaluate Kp for the reaction at 450 C.
(a) 0.40
(b) 0.64
(c) 2.4
(d) 0.052
-4
(e) 6.7 x 10
18.
o
What is the equilibrium constant for a reaction that has a value of G = -41.8
o
kJ at 100 C?
(a) 1.01
5
(b) 7.1 x 10
(c) -5.87
-6
(d) 1.4 x 10
(e) 13.5
19.
o
The equilibrium constant at 427 C for the reaction:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
-5 o o
is Kp = 9.4 x 10 . Calculate the value of G for the reaction at 427 .
(a) -33 kJ
(b) -54 kJ
(c) 54 kJ
 (d) 33 kJ
(e) 1.3 J
20.
For a specific reaction, which of the following statements can be made about
K, the equilibrium constant?
(a) It always remains the same at different reaction conditions.
(b) It increases if the concentration of one of the products is increased.
(c) It changes with changes in the temperature.
(d) It increases if the concentration of one of the reactants is increased.
(e) It may be changed by the addition of a catalyst.

Answers for additional questions:

1. (e) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14.
(d) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c)
 EQUILIBRIUM-CLASS XI

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Question 1. A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapours in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The
volume of the container is suddenly increased, (i) What is the initial effect of the change on the vapour
pressure? (ii) How do the rates of evaporation and condensation change initially? (iii) What happens
when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the final vapour pressure?
Answer: (i) On increasing the volume of the container, the vapour pressure will initially decrease because the
same amount of vapours are now distributed over a larger space.
(ii) On increasing the volume of the container, the rate of evaporation will increase initially because now more
space is available. Since the amount of the vapours per unit volume decrease on increasing the volume,
therefore, the rate of condensation will decrease initially.
(iii) Finally, equilibrium will be restored when the rates of the forward and backward processes become equal.
However, the vapour pressure will remain unchanged because it depends upon the temperature and not upon the
volume of the container.
Question 2. What is Kc for the following reaction in state of equilibrium?

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for each of the following reactions

Answer:
Question 5. Find the value of Kc for each of the following equilibria from the value of K

Answer:

Question 6. For the following equilibrium, K =6.3 x 1014 at 1000 K. NO(g)+O3 —–>NO2(g) + O2(g) Both the
forward and reverse reactions in the equilibrium are elementary bimolecular reactions. What is Kc for the
reverse reaction ?
Answer:

Question 7. Explain why pure liquids and solids can be ignored while writing the value of equilibrium
constants.
Answer: This is because molar concentration of a pine solid or liquid is independent of the amount present.

Since density of pure liquid or solid is fixed and molar mass is also fixed. Therefore molar concentration are
constant.
Question 8. Reaction between nitrogen and oxygen takes place as follows:

If a mixture of 0.482 mol of N2 and 0.933 mol of O2 is placed in a reaction vessel of volume 10 L and
allowed to form N2O at a temperature for which Kc – 2.0 x 10-37, determine the composition of the
equilibrium mixture.
Answer: Let x moles of N2(g) take part in the reaction. According to the equation, x/2 moles of O2 (g) will react
to form x moles of N2O(g). The molar concentration per litre of different species before the reaction and at the
equilibrium point– is:

The value of equilibrium constant (2.0 x 10-37) is extremely small. This means that only small amounts of
reactants have reacted. Therefore, is extremely small and can be omitted as far as the reactants are concerned.
Question 9. Nitric oxide reacts with bromine and gives nitrosyl bromide as per reaction given below:

When 0.087 mole of NO and 0.0437 mole of Br2 are mixed in a closed container at constant temperature,
0.0518 mole of NOBr is obtained at equilibrium. Determine the compositions of the equilibrium mixture.
Answer: The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
According to the equation, 2 moles of NO (g) react with 1 mole of Br2 (g) to form 2 moles of NOBr (g). The
composition of the equilibrium mixture can be calculated as follows:
No. of moles of NOBr (g) formed at equilibrium = 0.0518 mol (given)
No. of moles of NO (g) taking part in reaction = 0.0518 mol
No. of moles of NO (g) left at equilibrium = 0.087 – 0.0518 = 0.0352 mol
No. of moles of Br2 (g) taking part in reaction = 1/2 x 0.0518 = 0.0259 mol
No. of moles of Br2 (g) left at equilibrium = 0.0437 – 0.0259 = 0.0178 mol
The initial molar concentration and equilibrium molar concentration of different species may be represented as:
2NO (g) + Br2(g) ——————> 2NOBr(g)
Initial moles 0.087 0.0437 0
Moles at eqm. point: 0.0352 0.0178 0.0518
Question 10.

Answer:

Question 11. A sample of HI (g) is placed in a flask at a pressure of 0.2 atm. At equilibrium partial
pressure of HI (g) is 0.04 atm. What is Kp for the given equilibrium?

Answer:

Question 12. A mixture of 1.57 mol of N2, 1.92 mol of H2 and 8.13 mol of NH3is introduced into a 20 L
reaction vessel at 500 K. At this temperature, the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction

Is this reaction at equilibrium? If not, what is the direction of net reaction?

Answer:

Question 13. The equilibrium constant expression for a gas reaction is,

Write the balanced chemical equation corresponding to this expression.

Answer: Balanced chemical equation for the reaction is 4

Question 14. If l mole of H20 and 1 mole of CO are taken in a 10 litre vessel and heated to 725 K, at
equilibrium point 40 percent of water (by mass) reacts with carbon monoxide according to equation.

Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction.

Answer: Number of moles of water originally present = 1 mol
Percentage of water reacted =40%
Number of moles of water reacted = 1 x 40/100 = 0.4 mol
Number of moles of water left = (1 – 0.4) = 0.6 mole According to the equation, 0.4 mole of water will react
with 0.4 mole of carbon monoxide to form 0.4 mole of hydrogen and 0.4 mole of carbon dioxide.
Thus, the molar cone, per litre of the reactants and products before the reaction and at the equilibrium point are
as follows:

Question 15. What is the equilibrium concentration of each of the substances in the equilibrium when the
initial concentration of ICl was 0.78 M?

Answer:

Question 16. K =0.04 atm at 898 K for the equilibrium shown below. What is the equilibrium
concentration ok C2H6 when it is placed in a flask at 4 atm pressure,and allowed to come to equilibrium.

Answer:

Question 17. The ester, ethyl acetate is formed by the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid and the
equilibrium is represented as:
CH3COOH(l) + C2H5OH(l)——-> CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l)
(i) Write the concentration ratio (concentration quotient) Q for this reaction. Note that water is not in
excess and is not a solvent in this reaction.
(ii) At 293 K, if one starts with 1.000 mol of acetic acid and 0.180 mol of ethanol, there is 0.171 mol of
ethyl acetate in the final equilibrium mixture. Calculate the equilibrium constant.
(iii) Starting mth 0.50 mol of ethanol and 1.0 mol of acetic acid and maintaining it at 293 K, 0.214 mol of
ethyl acetate is found after some time. Has equilibrium been reached?
Answer:
Since Qc is less than Kc this means that the equilibrium has not been reached. The reactants are still taking part in
the reaction to form the products.
Question 18. A sample of pure PCl5 was introduced into an evacuated vessel at 473 K. After equilibrium
was reached, the concentration of PCl5 was found to be 0.5 x 10-1 mol L-1. If Kc is 8.3 x 10-3 what are the
concentrations of PCl3 and Cl2 at equilibrium?
Answer: Let the initial molar concentration of PCl5 per litre = x mol
Molar concentration of PCl5 at equilibrium = 0.05 mol
.’. Moles of PCl5 decomposed = (x – 0.05) mol
Moles of PCl3 formed = (x – 0.05) mol
Moles of Cl2 formed = (x – 0.05) mol
The molar conc./litre of reactants and products before the reaction and at the equilibrium point are:

Question 19. One of the reactions that takes place in producing steel from iron ore is the reduction of iron
(II) oxide by carbon monoxide to give iron metal and C02
FeO(s) + CO(g) ———>Fe(s) + C02(g) ; Kp = 0.265 atm at 1050 K
What are the equilibrium partial pressures of CO and C02 at 1050 K if the initial pressures are: PCO = 1.4
atm and PCO2 = 0.80 atm?
Answer:

Since Qp>Kp(0.265), this means that the reaction will move in the backward direction to attain the equilibrium.
Therefore, partial pressure of C02 will decrease while that of CO will increase so that the equilibrium may be
attained again. Let p atm be the decrease in the partial pressure of C02. Therefore, the partial pressure of CO will
increase by the same magnitude i.e., p atm.
Question 20.

Answer:

Question 21. Bromine monochloride (BrCl ) decomposes into bromine and chlorine and reaches the
equilibrium:

The value of Kc is 32 at 500 K. If initially pure BrCl is present at a concentration of 3.3 x10-3mol L-1what is
its molar concentration in the mixture at equilibrium?
Answer: Let x moles of BrCl decompose in order to attain the equilibrium. The initial molar concentration and
the molar concentration at equilibrium point of different species may be represented as follows:

Question 22. At 1127 K and 1 atmosphere pressure, a gaseous mixture of CO and C02 in equilibrium with
solid carbon has 90.55% CO by mass.

Calculate Kc for the reaction at the above temperature.

Answer:
Question 23. Calculate (a) ∆G– and (b) the equilibrium constant for the formation of N02 from NO and
02 at 298 K

Answer:

Question 24. Does the number of moles of reaction products increase, decrease or remain same when each
of the following equilibria is subjected to a decrease in pressure bp increasing the volume?

Answer: (i) Pressure will increase in the forward reaction and number of moles of products will increase.
(ii) Pressure will increase in backward reaction and number of moles of products will decrease.
(iii) The change in pressure will have no effect on the equilibrium constant and there will be no change in the
number of moles.

Question 25. Which of the following reactions will get affected by increase in pressure ? Also mention
whether the change will cause the reaction to go to the right or left direction.

Answer: Only those reactions will be affected by increasing the pressure in which the number of moles of the
gaseous reactants and products are different (np ≠ nr) (gaseous). With the exception of the reaction (1); all the
reamaining five reactions will get affected by increasing the pressure. In general,

• The reaction will go to the left if np> nr.

• The reaction will go to the right if nr > np .
Keeping this in mind,

(i) Increase in pressure will not affect equilibrium because np = nr = 3.

(ii) Increase in pressure will favour backward reaction because np (2) > nr (1)
(iii) Increase in pressure will favour backward reaction because np (10) > nr (9)
(iv) Increase in pressure will favour forward reaction because np (1) < nr (2)
(v) Increase in pressure will favour backward reaction because np (2) > nr(1)
(vi) Increase in pressure will favour backward reaction because np (1) > nr (0).

Question 26. The equilibrium constant for the following reaction is 1.6 x 105at 1024 K.
Find the equilibrium pressure of all gases if 10.0 bar of HBr is introduced into a sealed container at 1024
K.

Ans.
Question 27.Hydrogen gas is obtained from the natural gas by partial oxidation with steam as per
following endothermic reaction:

Write the expression for Kp for the above reaction

How will the value of Kp and composition of equilibrium mixture be affected by:
(i) increasing the pressure, (ii) increasing the temperature, (iii) using a catalyst?
Answer: The expression for Kp for the reaction is:

(i) By increasing the pressure, the number of moles per unit volume will increase. In order to decrease the same,
the equilibrium gets shifted to the left or in the backward direction. As a result, more of reactants will be formed
and the value of Kp will decrease.
(ii) If the temperature is increased, according to Le Chatelier’s principle, the forward reaction will be favoured
as it is endothermic. Therefore, the equilibrium gets shifted to the right and the value of Kp will increase.
(iii) The addition of catalyst will not change the equilibrium since it influences both the forward and the
backward reactions to the same extent. But it will be attained more quickly.

Question 28. What is the effect of:

(i) addition of H2 (ii) addition of CH3OH
(iii) removal of CO (iv) removal of CH3OH

Answer: (i) Equilibrium will be shifted in the forward direction.

(ii) Equilibrium will be shifted in the backward direction.
(iii) Equilibrium will be shifted in the backward direction.
(iv) Equilibrium will be shifted in the forward direction.

Question 29. At 473 K, the equilibrium constant Kc for the decomposition of phosphorus pentachloride
(PCl5) is 8.3 x 10-3 . if decomposition proceeds as:

(a) Write an expression for Kc for the reaction

(b) What is the value of Kc for the reverse reaction at the same temperature.
(c) What would be the effect on Kc if
(i) More of PCl5is added (ii) Temperature is increased.
Answer:

(c) (i) By adding more of PCl5, value of Kc will remain constant because there is no change in temperature.
(ii) By increasing the temperature, the forward reaction will.be favoured since it is endothermic in nature.
Therefore, the value of equilibrium constant will increase.
Question 30. Dihydrogen gas used in Haber’s process is produced by reacting methane from natural gas
with high temperature steam. The first stage of two stage reaction involves the formation of CO and H2 In
second stage, CO formed in first stage is reacted with more steam in water gas shift reaction.

If a reaction vessel at 400°C is charged with an equimolar mixture of CO and steam so that PCO = PH2O =
4.0 bar, what will be the partial pressure of H2 at equilibrium? Kp = 0.1 at 400°C.
Answer:

Question 31. Predict which of the following will have appreciable concentration of reactants and
products:

Answer: Following conclusions can be drawn from the values of Kc .

(a) Since the value of Kc is very small, this means that the molar concentration of the products is very small as
compared to that of the reactants.
(b) Since the value of Kc is quite large, this means that the molar concentration of the products is very large as
compared to that of the reactants.
(c) Since the value of Kc is 1.8, this means that both the products and reactants have appreciable concentration.

Question 32.The value of Kc for the reaction 302(g) —>203(g) is 2.0 x 10-50 at 25°C. If equilibrium
concentration of 02 in air at 25°C is 1.6 x 10-2, what is the concentration of O3?
Answer:

Question 33.

Answer:

Question 34. What is meant by conjugate acid-base pair? Find the conjugate acid/base for the following
species: HNO2, CH–, HClO4 , OH–, CO32-, S2-
Answer: An acid-base pair which differs by a proton only (HA———> A– + H+) is known as conjugate acid-
base pair.
Conjugate acid:HCN,H20,HCO3–,HS–.
Conjugate base:NO2–,ClO4–,O2–

Question 35. Which of the following are Lewis Acids?

H2O,BF3, H+ and NH4+,
Answer: BF3, H+ ions are Lewis acids.

Question 36. What will be the conjugate bases for the Bronsted acids?HF, H2S04 and H2C03?
Answer: Conjugate bases: F–, HSO–4 , HCO–3.

Question 37. Write the conjugate acids for the following Bronsted bases:
NH2, NH3 and HCOO–
Answer: NH3, NH4+ and HCOOH

Question 38.The species H20, HCO3–, HSO4– and NH3 can act both as Bronsted acid and base. For each
case, give the corresponding conjugate acid and base.
Answer:

Question 39. Classify the following species into Lewis acids and Lewis bases and show how these can act
as Lewis acid/Lewis base?
(a) OH– ions (b) F– (c) H+ (d) BCl3
Answer: (a) OH– ions can demate an electron pair and act as Lewis base.
(b) F– ions can donate an electron pair and act’as Lewis base.
(c) H+ ions can accept an electron pair and act as Lewis acid.
(d) BCl3 can accept an electron pair since Boron atom is electron deficient. It is a Lewis acid.

Question 40. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a sample of soft drink is 3.8 x 10-3 M. What is the pH
value?
Answer: pH = – log [H+] = – log (3.8 x 10-3) = – log 3.8 + 3 = 3 – 0.5798 = 2.4202 = 2.42

Question 41. The pH of a sample of vinegar is 3.76. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in it.
Answer: pH = – log [H+] or log [H+] = – pH = – 3.76 = 4.24
.-. [H+] = Antilog 4.24 = 1.738 x 10-4 = 1.74 x 10-4 M

Question 42. The ionization constant of HF, HCOOH and HCN at 298 K are is 6.8 x 10-4 , 1.8 x 10-4 and 4.8
x 10-9 respectively, Calculate the ionization constant of the corresponding conjugate base.
Answer: For F– , Kb =Kw/Ka= 10-14/(6.8 x 10-4) = 1.47 x 10-11 = 1.5 x 10-11 .
For HCOO-, Kb = 10-14/(1.8 x 10-4) = 5.6 x 10-11
For CN–, Kb= 10-14/(4.8 X 10-9) = 2.08 x 10-6

Question 43. The ionization constant of phenol is 1.0 x 10-10. What is the concentration of phenolate ion in
0.05 M solution of phenol? What will be its degree of ionization if the solution is also 0.01 M in sodium
phenolate?
Answer:

Question 44. The-first ionization constant of H2S is 9.1 x 10-8. Calculate the concentration of HS– ions in its
0.1 M solution and how will this concentration be affected if the solution is 0.1 M in HCl also? If the
second dissociation constant of H2S is 1.2 x 10-13, calculate the concentration of S2-under both conditions.
Answer:

Question 45. The ionization constant of acetic acid is 1.74 x 10-5. Calculate the degree of dissociation of
acetic acid in its 0.05 M solution. Calculate the concentration of acetate ions in the solution and its pH.

Answer:

Question 46. It has been found that the pH of a 0.01 M solution of an organic acid is 4.15. Calculate the
concentration of the anion, the ionization constant of the acid and its PKa.
Answer:

Question 47. Assuming complete dissociation, calculate the pH of the following solutions:
(a) 0.003 M HCl (b) 0.005 M NaOH (c) 0.002 M HBr (d) 0.002 M KOH
Answer:

Question 48. Calculate the pH of the following solutions:

(a) 2g ofTlOH dissolved in water to give 2 litre of the solution
(b) 0.3 g of Ca(OH)2 dissolved in water to give 500 mL of the solution
(c) 0.3 g of NaOH dissolved in water to give 200 mL of the solution
(d) l mL of 13.6 M HCl is diluted with water to give 1 litre of the solution.
Answer:

Question 49. The degree of ionization of a 0.1 M bromoacetic acid solution is 0.132. Calculate the pH of
the solution and the PKa of bromoacetic acid.
Answer:

Question 50. The pH of 0.005 M codeine (C18H21N03) solution is 9.95. Calculate the ionization constant
and PKb.
Answer:

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 Very Short Answer Type
Questions
Question 1. What is meant by equilibrium?
Answer: Equilibrium is a state at which rate of forwarding reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction.

Question 2. State the law of mass action?

Answer: It states that the rate at which a substance reacts is directly proportional to its molar concentration.

Question 3. What is meant by reaction quotient?

Answer: It is defined as the ratio of the product of molar concentration of products to the product of molar
concentration of reactants at any stage of the reaction.

Question 4. Define ionic equilibrium.

Answer: The equilibrium between ions and unionised molecules is called ionic equilibrium.

Question 5. What is meant by ionic product of water (kw)?

Answer: It is the product of concentration of [ H3O+] and [OH–] at a specific temperature.
Kw = [H3O+] [OH–]
= 1.0 x 10-14 at 298 K

Question 6. Define solubility product.

Answer: It is product of molar concentration of ion raised to the power of number of ions produced per
compound in saturated solution.

Question 7. How does common ion affect the solubility of electrolyte?

Answer: Solubility of electrolyte decreases due to common ion effect.

Question 8. Write conjugate add and conjugate base of H2O?

Answer: Conjugate acid is H3O+ and conjugate base is OH–.

Question 9. Give two characteristics of a buffer solution.

Answer:

• Its pH does not change on the addition of small amount of acid or base.
• Its pH does not change on dilution or standing.

Question 10. How does a catalyst affect the equilibrium constant?

Answer: The equilibrium constant is not affected by a catalyst.
Question 11. State Ostwald’s dilution law.
Answer: Ostwald’s dilution law states that the degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte is inversely
proportional to square root of its concentration.

Where, Kfl and Kfc are acid dissociation and base dissociation constants.

Question 12. What is basic buffer?

Answer: Basic buffer is the buffer whose pH is more than 7. It is a mixture containing weak base and its salt
with a strong acid, e.g., NH4Cl + NH4OH

Question 13. S032-is Bronsted base or acid and why?

Answer: S032-is Bronsted base because it can accept H+.

Question 14.

What is the relationship between Kp and Kc ?

Answer: Kp = Kc
because ∆n = 0.

Question 15. Define common ion effect.

Answer: The supervision in concentration of one of the ions by adding other ion as common ion is called
common ion effect.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1. The following concentration were obtained for the formation of NH3 from N2 and H2 at
equilibrium at 500 K.[N2(g)] = 1.5 x 10-2 M [H2 (g)] = 3.0 x 10-2 M [NH3] = 1.2 x 10-2 M. Calculate equilibrium
constant.
Answer:

Question 2. Write the equilibrium constant (Kc) expression for the following reactions.

Answer:

Question 3. Given the equilibrium N2O4 (g) ——->2NO2 (g) K=0.15 atm at 298 K
(a) What is Kp using pressure in torr?
(b) What is Kc using units of moles per litre.
Answer:

Question 4. In the reaction A + B———> C + D, what will happen to the equilibrium if concentration of
A is increased?
(b) The equilibrium constant for a reaction is 2 x 10-23 at 25°C and 2 x 10-2 at 50°C. Is the reaction
endothermic or exothermic?
(c) Mention at least three ways by which the concentration of S03 can be increased in the following
reaction in a state of equilibrium.
Answer: (a) The reaction will shift in the forward direction.
(b) Endothermic
(c) (i) lowering the temperature (ii) increasing pressure.
(iii) increasing concentration of oxygen.
Question 5. (i) Define Le Chatelier’s principle.
(ii) Following reactions occur in a Blast furnace.
Fe203(s) + 3CO(g) ———–>2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
use Le chatelier’s principle to predict the direction of reaction when equilibrium mixture is disturbed by
(a) adding Fe203 (b) removing CO2 .
(c) removing CO.
Answer: (a) When a system under equilibrium is subjected to a change in temperature, pressure or
concentration, then the equilibrium shifts in such a direction so as to undo the effect of the change.
(ii) (a) On adding Fe203(s), the equilibrium will remain unaffected.
(b) By removing CO2 (g), the equilibrium will be shifted in the forward direction.
(c) By removing CO(g), the equilibrium will be shifted in the backward direction.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1. (i) Point out the differences between ionic product and solubility product.
(ii) The solubility of AgCl in water at 298 K is 1.06 x 10-5 mole per litre. Calculate its solubility product at
this temperature.
Answer: (i)

Question 2. At certain temperature and under a pressure of 4 atm, PCl5 is 10% dissociated. Calculate the
pressure at which PCl5 will be 20% dissociated at temperature remaining constant.
Answer: Calculation of Kp
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1. The equilibrium expression, Kc= [C02] represents the reaction.

Question 2. Hydrogen molecule (H2) can be dissociated into hydrogen atoms (H). Which one of the
following changes will not increase the number of atoms present at equilibrium?
(a) adding H atoms (b) increasing the temperature
(c) increasing the total pressure (d) increasing the volume of the container
Question 3. What is the expression for Keq? for the reaction

Question 4. A catalyst will increase the rate of a chemical reaction by

(a) shifting the equilibrium to the right (b) shifting the equilibrium to the left (c) lowering the activation
energy (d) increasing the activation energy
Question 5. What is the correct expression for the representation of the solubility product constant
of Ag2 Cr04 ?

Question 6. In a closed system

Question 7. H + S ——->H S + energy.
2 2

In this reversible reaction, select the factor which will shift the equilibrium to the right.
(a) adding heat (b) adding H S 2

(c) blocking hydrogen gas reaction (d) removing hydrogen sulphide gas
Question 8. What effect does a catalyst have on the equilibrium position of a reaction?
(a) a catalyst favours the formation of products
(b) a catalyst favours the formation of reactants
(c) a catalyst does not change the equilibrium position of a reaction
(d) a catalyst may favour reactants or product formation, depending upon the directiofi in which the reaction is
written.
Question 9. A chemist dissolves an excess of BaSO in pure water at 25°C if its K = 1 x 10 what is the concentration
4 sp
-10

of barium in the water?

(a) 10 M (b) 10 M (C) 10 M (d) 10 M
-4 -5 -15 -6

Question 10. If in a mixture where Q = k is combined, then what happens?

(a) the reaction shift towards products
(b) the reaction shift towards reactants
(c) nothing appears to happen, but forward and reverse are continuing at the same rate
(d) nothing happens
Answer: 1.(b) 2.(c) 3.(c) 4.(c) 5.(a)
6.(d) 7.(a) 8.(c) 9.(c) 10.(c)
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 Hots Questions
Question 1. For the equilibrium 2 NOCl(g)——-> 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) the value of the equilibrium constant
Kc is 3.75 x 10-6 at 1069 K. Calculate the Kp for the reaction at this temperature?
Answer: We know that Kp = Kc(RT)∆n
For the above reaction, ∆n = (2 + 1) – 2 = 1 Kp = 3.75 x 10’6 (0.0831 x 1069)
Kp = 0.033.
Question 2. The values of Ksp of two sparingly soluble salts Ni(OH)2 and AgCN are 2.0 x 10-15 and 6 x 10-
17
respectively. Which salt is more soluble? Explain.
Answer:

Question 3. The value of Kc for the reaction 2A——>B + C is 2 x 10-3. At a given time, the composition of
reaction mixture is [A] = [B] = [C] = 3 x 10-4 M. In which direction the reaction will proceed?
Answer: For the reaction the reaction quotient Qc is given by Qc = [B] [C]/[A]2 as [A] = [B] = [C] = 3 x 10-4 M
Qc = (3 x 10-4) (3 x10-3)/(3 x 10) = 1
as Qc > Kc, so, the reaction will proceed in the reverse direction.
Question 4. PCl5, PCl3 and Cl2 are at equilibrium at 500 K and having concentration 1.59M PCl5 1.59M
Cl2 and 1.41M PCl5. Calculate Kc for the reaction PCl5———>PC13+ Cl2
Answer: The equilibrium constant Kc for the above reaction can be written as:

Question 5. Dihydrogen gas is obtained from natural gas by partial oxidation with steam as per following
endothermic reaction:
CH4(g) + H2O(g) ——> CO(g) + 3 H2(g)
(a) Write an expression for Kpfor the above reaction.
(b) How will the values of Kp and composition of equilibrium mixture be affected by (i) increasing the
pressure (ii) increasing the temperature (iii) using a catalyst?
Answer:

(b) (i) value of Kp will not change, equilibrium will shift in backward direction.
(ii) value of Kp will increase and reaction will proceed in forward direction.
(iii) no effect.