Networkin and Internet 2
Networkin and Internet 2
A network is a group of two or more computer systems which are related through
a couple of channels for the motive of sending and receiving data in a shared
environment.
History of Internet
the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, later renamed the
internet) established a successful link between the University of California Los
Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute on October 29, 1969. Soon after the
people from different backgrounds such as engineers scientists, students and
researchers started using the network for exchanging information and messages.
WWW is an interconnected network of websites and Internet is used to connect a computer with other
documents that can be accessed via the Internet. computer .
WWW used protocols such as HTTP Internet used protocols such as TCP/IP
o TCP/IP Network Model: The most popular protocols for linking networks are
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). Any communication is
split up into a number of packets that are sent from source to destination.
o File Transfer Protocol: With the help of FTP (File Transfer Protocol), a user can transfer
documents, text files, multimedia files, program files, etc., from one device to another.
o Hypertext Transfer Protocol: It is used to move a hypertext between two or more
computers or other devices. Links can be made using HTML tags and can take the form of
text or graphics.
Network Topology
Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are interconnected to
each other. There are six types of network topology which are Bus Topology, Ring Topology, Tree
Topology, Star Topology, Mesh Topology, and Hybrid Topology.
Bus Topology
o The bus topology is designed in such a
way that all the stations are connected
through a single cable known as a
backbone cable.
o Each node is either connected to the
backbone cable by drop cable or directly
connected to the backbone cable.
o When a node wants to send a message
over the network, it puts a message over
the network. All the stations available in the network will receive the message whether it
has been addressed or not.
o The configuration of a bus topology is quite simpler as compared to other topologies.
Advantages
Disadvantages
A break in the cable will prevent all systems from accessing the network.
Difficult to troubleshoot.
Ring Topology
o Ring topology is like a bus topology, but with
connected ends.
o The data flows in one direction, i.e., it is unidirectional.
o It has no terminated ends, i.e., each node is connected
to other node and having no termination point.
o The data in a ring topology flow in a clockwise
direction.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Expansion to the network can cause network disruption
Star Topology
o Star topology is an arrangement of the network
in which every node is connected to the central
hub, switch or a central computer.
o The central computer is known as a server,
and the peripheral devices attached to the
server are known as clients.
o Hubs or Switches are mainly used as
connection devices in a physical star topology.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Mesh topology
o Mesh technology is an arrangement of the network in
which computers are interconnected with each other
through various redundant connections.
o There are multiple paths from one computer to another
computer.
o It does not contain the switch, hub or any central
computer which acts as a central point of
communication.
o The Internet is an example of the mesh topology.
Advantages
Disadvantages