Advanced 3D Viewer Guide

HRS 10.6
Table of Contents

1. Known Limitations
2. Advanced 3D Viewer Overview
3. Exercise 1: Set up Project
4. Exercise 2: Advanced 3D Visualization
5. Exercise 3: RGB Blend
6. Exercise 4: Visualize GeoSI Results
7. Exercise 5: Connectivity Analysis
8. Exercise 6: Visualize Fracture Density

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 Known Limitations
• A professional series of graphics boards is recommended.

• We recommend to always use a recent driver version for your graphics board.

• We recommend a minimum of 1 GB of GPU memory when running the Advanced

3D Viewer plugin. The memory bandwidth and the number of compute units
provided by a graphics board can have a large impact on performance.

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 Known Limitations

• The A3D Viewer has its own color key that is separate from color key for the
seismic display in Geoview. You will need to select a color key for the A3D
Viewer.
• Horizon amplitudes will not be displayed if the horizon was imported into the
project. Horizon amplitudes are extracted from the seismic volume that the
horizon was picked on within Geoview.
• All three RGB volumes must be loaded and they must have the same time
extents.
• RGB only blends the maximum values. Multiply the values by (-1) to blend
the minimum values.
• Focus on an area of interest instead of the entire survey. Volumes larger
than 100 GB can cause sluggishness.

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 Known Limitations

• If space is an issue or if the existing LDM files (optimized format for viewing
large volumes) are no longer required, they can be deleted from the Seismic
Data Manager in Geoview. If after deleting the files:

 There are random crashes within the A3D Viewer.

 Progressive rendering plots do not look correct.
 LDM files which were deleted appear in the input tabs.

Then some of the selected LDM files may not have been deleted. The LDM
files reside in these directories:

\*.prj\brick.dir \*.prj\Seismic.dir

Ensure that all the LDM files which were supposed to be deleted are no
longer in the directories. If the problems persist, go to Seismic Data Manager
and select Restore seismic list within project.

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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

View 3D vs. Advanced 3D Viewer (A3D Viewer)

View3D Advanced 3D Viewer

Basic types (Wells, horizon, Yes Yes

Volume)
Large Data Volumes No Yes LDM volume can be used
with HRS native program.

Multiple 3D Windows No Yes

Fracture(Glyph)Analysis (ProAz) Yes (limited – Yes

old) support Uncertainty volume,
on the fly data extraction along
a surface, 10.1

RGB(A) No Yes Alpha Volume support

available in (10.1)

Geobody extraction (connectivity No Yes

analysis)
Stratigraphic Grid No Yes GeoSI

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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

Licensing

You need the HRS-advanced-3D-viewer

license to run the Advanced 3D Viewer plugin.

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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

Basic Controls

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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

Basic Controls (cont’d)

You can open quick help information by
clicking Quick Help under the Help menu
for the A3D Viewer.

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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

Basic Controls (cont’d)

General Controls

To open the general controls for the

viewer, right-click in any empty space
within the view to open the menu. Select
Options.

You can control the background color, Z

scaling (domain scaling), etc., on this
menu.

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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

Data loading from Geoview:

1. Drag and Drop.
2. Select from the Processes
menu.
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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

Object
Properties
Controls
These loaded wells are
listed inside the Layer
Explorer.

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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

Object Properties
Controls
The checkboxes indicate the visibility (checked
to shown)

The top level of the list controls the visibility of

the item type, in this case Well types. Uncheck
this box to hide all the wells from the view.

You can control an individual item by checking

and unchecking the tick mark besides the
item.

Unload Items

To unload any items, highlight the item name,

right-click and select Unload.

13 Example style for optional footer

Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

View
Parameters

Click the item name within

the Layer Explorer to open
the View Parameter tab for
the individual item.

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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

General Controls

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Advanced 3D Viewer Overview

Support Data Types

 Well

 Seismic (Post stack)

 Horizon

 Inversion Grid (GeoSI)

 Fracture (2 Volumes)

 RGB Volume (3 Volumes)

 LithoSI Facies and Probability

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

This tutorial uses a subset of

the Leleptian 3D survey data
to demonstrate how to use
Advanced 3D Visualization.

Location: South of Australia (Cooper Basin)

Reservoir Depth: 8500-10,200 ft.
Reservoir Sands: Patchawarra and Tirrawarra Formations.
Production: Gas and Liquids

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

The data subset is indicated on

the map in RED and covers three
fields: Andree, Leleptian,
Kanawana.

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

 Andree - Leleptian field:

– Gas producing from Patchawarra formation only.

 Kanawana field:
– Gas producing from Patchawarra and Tirrawarra formations.
– Upper Patchawarra: highly-permeable, liquid-rich gas sand.
– Lower Patchawarra: tight sand.

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project
Patchawarra and Tirrawarra formations:
– Main producing sands: middle of Patchawarra fm., above VC50 coal marker.
– Main producing sands: Top of Tirrawarra fm., below XU00 marker.

Patchawarra
Sand

Tirrawarra
Sand

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

Well_L4

Patchawarra formation
Gas
Sand

Wet
Sand

Tirrawarra formation Shale

Coal

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

Open Geoview either from the

Program list or by clicking the
desktop icon.

The Geoview window will open with

the Start window showing. The
Projects tab lists previously opened
projects.

23 October 2018
 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

At the bottom of the Projects tab,

click Find Project.

Navigate to the directory where the

unzipped project was saved. Select
A3DViewer_Guide.prj and click
Select.

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

In the Specify a database for this

project dialog, select Specify
database.

We will use the existing database in

the guide data.

Select GL3D.wdb and click OK.

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

The Project Manager’s Project

Data tab lists the data files in the
project database.

Select the Well tab to view the

available wells. Well_L4 is set as
a favorite well.

Select the SI Model tab to view

the exported GeoSI volumes.

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

Select the Seismic tab to show

the available seismic or SEG-Y
data. A message box will open
telling you the volumes are being
synchronized.

The Seismic and the SI Model

tabs contain duplicate volume
types. This is because GeoSI
exports the model (by layers) and
the SEG-Y (by sample rate)
volumes.

Right-click cdp_stack, then select

Display selected in Seismic
Window.

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

The Seismic window opens and

displays the cdp_stack seismic
volume.

Look for the Well jump options

button. If you do not see it in the
menu bar, click the >> button on the
far right to show hidden items.

Click the drop-down arrow button

beside Well jump options. Select
Well_L4.

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project
We will now change the displayed
color key. Right-click on the color key
and select Modify Color Scheme.
Select Blue to Red.

Right-click again and select Reverse

Colors.

Right-click a third time, but now

select Modify Range to open the Edit
Color Key Range dialog. Change the
scale to -3 to 3. Uncheck
Standardized color key.

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project
In the toolbar, click the Zoom
button.

Note that the cursor location is

reported in the axes (green dot,
arrows, and text) and at the
bottom of the window.

Click and drag the cursor

across this approximate area
(the gray box):

Top left corner

Xline 10124, 1950 ms

Bottom right corner

Xline 10300, 2300 ms

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project

Patchawarra
Zone: Top of
Sand 2
overlies a
thick coal.

Tirrawarra
Zone: High
Porosity Zone
creates an
Eyeball
Anomaly

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 Exercise 1 Set up the Project
The time structure and the data slice for the Tirrawarra Zone is shown below.
Stochastic Inversion (GeoSI) and Connectivity (LithoSI) results will be used to
enhance the interpreted gas sand distribution through the Advanced 3D Viewer.

Horizon_8 (XU00) Time Structure Data Slice at High Porosity Zone

Well_L4 Well_L4

End of Exercise 1
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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

This exercise will demonstrate:

1. How to load various data sets (seismic and inversion, well and horizon)
2. The various 3D viewer windows
3. How to resize and move objects and windows.
4. Various display options, including transparency, volumes, sub-volumes and chairs,
well logs and tops, and horizons (TWT, Amplitude and Volume Data).

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Access the Advanced 3D

Visualization plugin through the
following processes:

• Azimuthal AVO (ProAZ)

• Facies Classification (LithoSI)
• Stochastic Inversion (GeoSI)
• Plugin

Click the Window tab at the top, and

select Advanced 3D Visualization.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

After the Advanced 3D

Visualization tab
appears, click the X in the
top corner to close the
Project Manager and
create more space for the
Advanced 3D
Visualization window.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
The Advanced 3D Visualization window consists of three separate areas. A Seismic
Volumes Selection section for object input, the Viewer, and the Layers Explorer
window (and View Parameters that opens after data is selected).

Viewer

Visualization window
Layers
Explorer
(and
View
Parameters)
Object
Input

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

The Seismic Volumes Selection

section has three menus:

• File
• Panels
• Help

File allows you to:

• Load a previously saved session

• Save a current session
• Switch to a full screen
• Set the window title
• Take a snapshot of the window
• Print the display
• Exit the window (close it)

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Panels lets you control whether

the following panels (with their
tabs) are available:

• Layers Explorer
• Seismic Volumes Selection
• Inversion Grids Selection
• Fracture Display Selection
• RGB Blending
• Horizon Selection
• Wells Selection
• View Parameters
• Misc

To open a tab, click the item in the

list. A check mark indicates an
open tab.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

The Help option opens the Quick

Help window.

The Quick Help window lists the

keyboard and mouse actions (the
shortcut keys) for the Basic
Controls.

To open the Quick Help window,

select Help>Quick Help.

It appears as a small window

above the Seismic Volumes
Selection panel or as its own full
sized panel with a tab. To view the
full menu, resize the panels
section.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Re-sizing the Window

Place the cursor on the boundary of the window. When the Re-size Window Cursor
( , ) appears, click the left mouse button and drag the cursor to
re-size the width or height of the window. This action will re-size all panels on the left
side of the Visualization window.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Basic Controls
The Quick Help window contains
a list of keyboard and mouse
actions (shortcut keys) to perform
basic controls.

Exercise 2 describes these basic

controls and shortcut keys further.

Close Quick Help by selecting

the X in the upper right corner of
the window.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

In the Seismic Volumes Selection window, select cdp_stack and press Enter. The LDM
loading dialog will open requesting to convert the volume to LDM format. Click Yes. The
status of the operation will open in the Misc section, located at the bottom of the
Visualization window. After the volume is loaded, the volume cdp_stack displays in the
Layers Explorer.

Data Input Window

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
You can load objects by dragging and dropping them into the viewer.

Viewer

*Subvolumes and files associated with volumes cannot be loaded this way.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
The loaded data will be converted to LDM, a proprietary data format that allows large data volumes to
be displayed quickly. After the data has been converted, the LDM files can be used throughout
Geoview. LDM files can be found in the Workshop.prj\brick.dir and Workshop.prj\seismic.dir
directories.

To delete an LDM file from the Seismic Data Explorer window, ensure the corresponding file is also
deleted in the brick.dir and the Seismic.dir directories. A corrupted file directory may be fixed by
selecting Restore seismic list within project from the Data Explorer’s Options menu.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

The cdp_stack volume displays in the viewer. The plot is initially displayed as top-view, or bird’s-eye
view (looking straight down). The domain slice is the dominant object with the inlines and crosslines
appearing as lines. Toolbars are on either side of the viewer.
Your color key may be different the below image.

Inline

Random Xline
Section and Layer
Perspective Control
toolbar toolbar

Domain
Slice

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Random Section Start Fence Picking

and Perspective Finish Fence Picking
Buttons Cancel Fence Picking
Home: Oblique View
View from Top
View Inline Plane
View Reversed Inline Plane (Opposite Side)
View Crossline Plane
View Reversed Xline Plane (Opposite Side)
View from South
View from North
View from West
View from East

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Layer Control Buttons

Change the inline, crossline or domain slice being displayed.

This is also used for volume, sub-volume and fence sections.

Rotate, zoom and change position of layer

Help

Return to default (top-view) or current set position

Set current position and zoom level as home

Fit to view

Zoom in at the cursor’s location

Change the perspective (the angles of the axis cube outlines)

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Controlling the Inline, Crossline and Domain of the Layer

• Select the Arrow button on

the right side of the viewer.
• A 3D cursor appears. Place
the cursor on either the
inline, the crossline or the
domain slice.
• Press and hold the left
mouse button and drag the
cursor to move the slice.
• Exit this mode by clicking
the Hand button.

Layer Control buttons

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Controlling the Position and Appearance of the Layer

• Select the Hand button.

• The cursor symbol will
change to a hand.

• Hold the left mouse button

and drag to rotate the
volume.

• Release the left mouse

button and rotate the wheel
scroll to zoom in and out.

• Press and hold the wheel

scroll and drag the cursor.
You can move the plot up,
down, left or right.

Layer Control buttons

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Zoom to a Selected Position

• Click the Zoom into
cursor button.
• The cursor will change to
the zoom symbol.
• Click on the point of
interest. Release the
mouse.
• The plot will zoom to the
point of interest and center
it in the view.
• As long as the zoom
symbol is present, you can
repeatedly click the cursor
and zoom in.

Layer Control Buttons

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Select the Wells Selection tab.

Click the well icon (the button to the left of Well) to open a menu. Select Well_A4 and then any where in
the grey are below the well list.
At the bottom of the Wells Selection panel, click Add Well.
Also add Well_K7, Well_L4 and Well_Y1. The wells will open in the Layers Explorer.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Open the General Options menu by right-clicking the mouse button in the Viewer window. To
close this menu, left click.

Uncheck Axes Annotations off. This will reduce the time it takes to redraw the Viewer
window.
General Options

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
The View Parameters panel can be accessed by You can also access View
clicking Options. It will open below the Layers Explorer Parameters by clicking the
panel. data name in Layers
Explorer.
General Options
Viewer Window Click Seismic (from
cdp_stack(LDM)). The View
Parameters panel
automatically opens with a
Seismic (from cdp…) tab.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Transparency
Use the color key to set the transparency of the selected object. Position
the cursor on the color key. A message opens describing how the shortcut
keys work.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Change Palette, the color key, to

ai_palette.
Change the limits of the color key,
Min to -2.5 and Max to 2.5.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Setting a Constant Transparency

1. Place the cursor on the slider next to the

color key and drag the triangle down.
2. Or, place the cursor on the color key, hold
the Shift key, click and drag the cursor
down.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Setting a Linear Transparency
Place the cursor on the color key and press Ctrl. Click and drag the cursor up or down.
A triangular transparency shape appears. Drag the cursor to another area of the color
key. The transparency shape will pivot around the cursor.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Snap Transparency in steps of 20%
Place the cursor on the bottom left side of the color key and press Ctrl and Shift. Click
and drag the cursor along the shape of the histogram. The transparency will change by
20% as the cursor moves up and down.

Right-click the color key and select Clear Transparency to remove the transparency
settings and reset the color to opaque.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Free Hand
Transparency
• Place the cursor on the
bottom of the color key.
• Click and drag the cursor
left.
• A rectangular
transparency shape
appears.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Free Hand
Transparency
• Drag the cursor upward
at an angle.
• The transparency shape
follows the path of the
cursor.
• Drag the cursor to the
right (over the
transparency shape).
• Moving the cursor over
the transparency erases
the shape.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Free Hand Transparency

Various percentages of transparency
can be created with the free hand
option.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Transparency settings can be cleared, i.e. reset to opaque, by sliding the

triangle (on the right side of the color key) down and then back up.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

View Parameters Window

The View Parameters window

opens below the Layers Explorer
window.

The options which are available for

seismic volumes are:

1. Amplitude range and Color Key

Control.

2. Display Slice Control.

3. Volume and Subvolume

Control.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Amplitude and Color Key Control

Click the color key name beside

Palette.

Change the color key to Blue to Red.

Set the minimum and maximum

values to -4.5 and +4.5.

Select Flip to reverse the color key.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Display Slice Control

Change Inline to 2413, Crossline to 1094 and the Domain to 2124. Click the lock
buttons for Inline and Crossline. The icon changes to an unlock icon. Unlocking the
slices allows them to be plotted independently of other volumes.

Use the slider or type the value

to change the slice position.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Display Slice Control

Click Horizon Slice and select horizon Horizon_1. Although no horizons have been
loaded in the Object window, all available horizons in the project can be used. A
horizon slice now appears. The horizon slice may be shifted up or down by changing
the Offset value.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

General Control
Select the General tab in View
Parameters.

Change Z scaling to 10.

Use the Wheel Scroll button to zoom in

and re-position the plot. Click and drag the
Wheel Scroll down.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Volume Control

In the Seismic tab in View Parameters,

select Display Volume.

Click the menu below Display Volume (or

the arrow at the end).

A variety of display options are available.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Volume Control

Various Display Volumes

Volume Skin Volume Rendering Lighted Volume Iso Surface

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Transparency can be applied to the volume to
highlight a range of amplitudes resulting in a tile
effect.

Select Volume Voxelized as the Display Volume.

Experiment with the transparency setting. After

comparing the various display types, re-select
Volume Skin and clear the transparency.

Adjust
Transparency

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Sub-volume Control
The Sub-volume can be displayed either as a volume or as slices.
• Uncheck Display Volume to display the Sub-volume as slices.
• Select Sub-volume Mode and uncheck Bounding Box to decrease clutter in the view.
• Uncheck Horizon Slice to not display the horizon.

SubVolume: Volume SubVolume: Slices

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Resizing the Sub-volume
Select the Arrow button.

Click one of the green highlighted vertices and drag the 3D cursor. The extents of the
Sub-volume will change. Each vertex, and side of a vertex, controls a different extent.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Moving the Sub-volume

• Select the Arrow button.

• The 3D cursor will appear.

• Place the cursor on one of the faces

of the sub-volume.

• Press and hold the left mouse button

and drag the cursor. Drag the Sub-
volume to the desired location.

• The 3D cursor remains at the

original location until you release the
mouse button.

• Select the Hand button when you

have finished editing the position.

Original position of sub-volume

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Chair Display

The sub-volume can be displayed as

a Chair Display.

• Select Display Volume and display

Volume Skin
• Change Sub-volume Mode to
Chair

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Resizing the Chair

• Select the Arrow button.

• Click and drag a green vertex.

The extents of the Chair will
change. Each side of a vertex
controls a different extent.

• Select the Hand button when

you have finished editing the
display extents.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Sub-volume with Horizon Slice

• Uncheck Display Volume.

• Select Horizon Slice.

• Select the Horizon_1 horizon.

• Set Inline to 2279, Xline to 10332,

and domain to 2124.

• Select the Arrow button and resize

the sub-volume so that the horizon
and display slices are visible. Re-
select the Hand button.

• Change Sub-volume Mode to

SubVolume.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Sub-volume with Horizon Slice Chair Display with Horizon Slice

Horizon _1 Horizon_1

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

View Parameters Well Data Control

• Uncheck Display Volume and Sub-volume Mode

• Uncheck Display Slices and Horizon Slice

• Select the Home button and then the Hand button

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
View Parameters Well Data Control
In Layers Explorer:
• Double-click all wells except
Well_A4 (it already has a tab in
View Parameters)
In View Parameters’ Well_L4 tab:
• Change Well color to black
• Change Data mapping to P-
Impedance_trans
• Set Min to 3000, Max to 14000, and
select Flip
• Apply the same changes to
Well_A4 and Well_K7
• Change the Well color for Well_Y1
to black

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Well Data Control: Log
At the bottom of each Well tab is a section with
3 sub-tabs: Log, Markers, Derrick.

Log contains three parameters:

Extrusion Shape: Changes the diameter of the

well bore.

Polygon Lines: Highlights the log values as a

series of polygons along the axis of the well
bore.

Ladder: Displays the log values as a 2D line.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Well Data Control: Log

Extrusion Shape:
Changes the diameter of
the well bore.

The parameter can be set

with a constant or variable
radius.

The variable radius

displays a controllable
contrast between the low
and high values.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Well Data Control: Log
Polygon Lines: Highlights
the log values as a series
of offset polygons along the
axis of the well bore.

The parameter can be set

with a constant or variable
radius.

The variable radius

displays a controllable
contrast between the low
and high values.
Variable Radius Constant Radius

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Ladder: Displays the log Well Data Control: Log
values as an offset 2D line
along the axis of the well
bore.

The parameter can be set

with a constant or variable
radius.

The variable radius displays Variable Constant Variable Constant

a controllable contrast
between the low and high
values.

The Ladder can be rotated Colored Facies Colored Lines

along the axis of the well
bore.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Well Data Control: Markers

• Select the Markers tab in View Parameters.

• Markers will display the log picks from the well.

• Select Name to turn on the names of the log

picks.

• Change the rotation to -49.

• The picks will appear as discs, change the Size

to 53.5 to make the picks visible.

• Set the colors for the tops and discs as shown.

Use the inner scroll bar to show hidden items.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Well Data Control: Derrick
• Open the Derrick tab (on the Wells_L4 tab).
• Change Well color (at top of tab) to green.
• Set the MD Location to 92.26.
• Set the MD Location to 1121.1
The derrick is displayed at 1121.1 m.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Set the View Parameters for Well_L4,

Well_A4 and Well_K7 as shown. When
there is no P-Impedance_trans item listed
in the Data mapping menu, use any other
item.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

• On the right side of the view,

open the Seismic Volumes
Selection tab (probably still
open).

• Click Add Seismic Volume.

• Select Segy_Model_prestack_SI
as the Volume.

• Select
Segy_Model_prestack_SI_vp_vs
_GeoSISession_mean as the
Data.

• Click Update.

Yes, we want to convert the input

data to LDM format.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Open the Horizons Selection tab to open

the Horizons Selection panel.

Click the horizon menu (button to the left).

Double-click Horizon_1.

At the bottom of the dialog, select Add

horizon.

Set the new horizon as Horizon_8.

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
In Layers Explorer (on the right side of the viewer), uncheck Volume Data and ensure
that Horizon: Data and Well: Data have checkmarks.

Horizon_1

Horizon_8

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Select Horizon_1.

Open the View Parameters for Horizon_8. Set Min to 2166 and Max to 2282.

Horizon_8 : TWT

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
Change Data Mapping to Amplitude. Set Min to -2 and Max to 1.75.
Reset Palette to ai_palette.
The Amplitude mapping is based on the amplitude of the volume of the picked horizon
event. If the horizon was loaded or imported (not picked), then the volume will not have an
associated amplitude to plot.

Horizon_8 : Amplitude

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
The horizon can be shifted up or down by changing the Horizon Offset.
Use the Horizon Offset slider to change the value to 200 ms or type 200 in the textbox.
The horizon will shift down to 200 ms.

Horizon_8 plus 200 ms : Amplitude

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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization
• Set the Data Mapping as Volume_Data. Volume_Data will create a horizon slice through a
selected volume.
• Select Segy_Model_prestack_SI_vp_vs_GeoSISession_mean as the Input Volume.
• Select Update.
• Change Palette to AVO Envelope, and select Flip. Set Min to 1.5, Max to 1.7, Data window size
to 1, Averaging Method to 1, and Horizon Offset to 1.

Horizon_8
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 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Creating a Composite Display

Various attributes will be displayed together:

• To highlight shallow structure on the

horizon display and its appearance on the
3D Inline slice.

• View wells that penetrated a gas sand

and the gas sand’s associated seismic
anomaly.

• View the extents of the Patchawarra gas

sand through the VpVs ratio sub-volume.

• View the extents of the Tirrawarra sand

body through a horizon volume data
display.

94
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Display Seismic as a Single Inline

• In View Parameters, select

cdp_stack(LDM).
• Change Palette to Blue to Red and
select Flip.
• Change Min to -4 and Max to 4.5.
• Uncheck Inline and Domain.
• Change Crossline to 10190.

95
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Display a Volume as a Sub-volume

• In View Parameters, select

Segy_Model_GOM_SI_vp_vs_GeoSISe
ssion_mean.
• Select AVO Envelope as the Palette.
• Change Min to 1.5 and Max to 2.4.
• Select Display Volume.
• Select Volume Skin.
• Select SubVolume.

96
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Display Structure on a Horizon

• In View Parameters, select

Horizon_1.
• Change Data Mapping to TWT.
• Select depth as the Palette.
• Change Min to 1519 and Max to
1582.

97
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Display Volume Data on a Horizon

Select Horizon_8 in Layers Explorer.

Select Data Mapping as Volume_Data.

Select
Segy_Model_prestack_SI_vp_vs_Geo
SISession_mean as the Input Volume.

Select Update.

Change Palette to AVO Envelope and

select Flip. Change Min to 1.35, Max to
1.7, and Horizon Offset to 20 ms.

98
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Move and Resize the Sub-volume

Select the Arrow button.

Click one of the green highlighted

vertices and drag the cursor up to thin
the sub-volume.

Position the sub-volume between 2109-

2130 ms. This procedure is shown on
the next page.

99
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Move and Resize the Sub-volume

• Select Well_L4 in Layers Explorer.

• Select Markers.
• Set Size to 201 (Maximum)
• Select Name.
• Uncheck all markers except Top P
Sand 1 and Base P Sand 2
• Change the color to black.

100
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Move and Resize the Sub-volume

The top and base of Patchawarra Sand 1

and 2 appear as black discs on Well_L4.

Move the sub-volume so that the top of

the sub-volume is at or above the Top P
Top Marker
Sand 1 marker.

Turn the plot upside down and repeat,

move the bottom of the sub-volume until it
is at or below the Base P Sand 2 marker.

Select the Hand button.

Turn off Well_Y1 in Layer Explorer.

101
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Set the Transparency

Select Segy_Model_prestack_SI_vp_vs_
GeoSISession_mean in View Parameters.

Set the transparency so that any values

larger than 1.85 will be transparent.
Position the cursor just above the lower
right corner of the color key. Click and drag
the cursor to 1.85.

Select Horizon_1.

Set the transparency to approximately 50%

by dragging the triangle halfway down.

102
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Shallow Structure
draping deep
structures.

Sub-volume of two
Patchawarra Sands
above VC50.

Horizon Volume Data

of Tirrawarra Sand
Body.

103
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

Open the File menu on the

Visualization window.
Select Save session.
The Save Session browse dialog
opens. Type the name
Exercise_2A3DV_Session.

Click Save.

104
 Exercise 2 Advanced 3D Visualization

We have now finished the

Advanced 3D Visualization
exercise.
Close the Advanced 3D Viewer
window by selecting File>Exit in
the upper left corner.
The window will remain in the
Workspace, but will be empty (all
gray). To use it again, the
Advanced 3D Viewer plugin
needs to be restarted from the
Geoview Window menu or the
Project Manager, as described in
Exercise 2.

End of Exercise 2
105
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
RGB Blending will be used to highlight the Patchawarra Sand

106
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Introduction
GeoSI was used to create SEG-Y outputs for the VpVs mean, Zp mean, Zs mean and
the Gas Sand Probability.
RGB blend will be used to highlight areas where the VpVs, Zp and Zs overlap or blend.
Gas Sand Probability will be used as an Alpha channel. The Alpha channel hides
displayed areas to highlight volume properties.

107
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

The overlap of red, green and blue results in the

following overlap colors:

• Red and green: Yellow

• Green and blue: Cyan
• Blue and red: Magenta
• Red, green and blue: White

The highest amplitude values of each RGB volume

(including all clipped values) correspond to the RGB
overlap colors.

The Alpha channel acts as a mask that hides specific RGB areas. Using transparency,
the RGB colors to show through the Alpha channel thus highlighting specific volume
properties.

108
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Limitations
• The Alpha channel is not required, but all three RGB channels must be selected.
• The RGB and Alpha channels must have the same time extents.
• Only the maximum values are displayed in the mixed colors.
• Displaying the minimum values in the mixed colors can be accomplished by
multiplying the required volume by (-1).

109
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Begin Exercise 3
Access the Advanced 3D
Visualization program through the
following processes:

• Azimuthal AVO (ProAZ)

• Facies Classification (LithoSI)
• Stochastic Inversion (GeoSI)
• Plugin

In the Project Manager, open the

Processes tab and double-click
Advanced 3D Visualization listed
under the Plugin process.

110
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Open the Seismic Volumes Selection

tab.

Click the None button beside Volume to

open a menu.

Double-click Segy_Model_prestack_SI
to select it and close the menu (or
select the file name, then click
anywhere in the gray area of the panel).

111
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
Open the Data menu and click
Segy…_SI_Gas_Sand_GeoSession.
Select Update to load the sub-volume into
Advanced 3D Viewer.

Select Yes to convert to the data to LDM

format.

112
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
Creating an LDM File with a number
of Sub-volumes
Select Add Seismic Volume.

113
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Repeat adding and loading steps for these

sub-volumes:
• Segy_Model_prestack_SI_ip_GeoSISession
_mean
• Segy_Model_prestack_SI_is_GeoSISession
_mean
• Segy_Model_prestack_SI_vp_vs_GeoSISes
sion_mean

The previous Volumes can now all be unloaded

from the session. Select the Garbage Can button
to remove all the unwanted volumes.

114
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
Add a new Seismic Volume, except,
as the Volume, load
Segy_Model_prestack_SI(LDM).

The loaded sub-volumes are all

present in the new LDM file and in
the Data menu.

We will use the

…Gas_Sand_GeoSISession sub-
volume for this tutorial.

Open the Data menu and click

Segy…_SI_Gas_Sand_GeoSession
. This volume is the Gas Sand
Probability data.

Select Update to load the sub-

volume into the viewer.

115
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Open the Wells Selection tab and select the Select All Items button. This option loads all
available wells in the project as a group. The selected wells will now appear in Layers
Explorer.

116
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

The Volume and Well objects appear in the viewer. The data are displayed as Top View (i.e., looking
straight down). The domain slice is the dominant object with the inline and/or crossline slices appearing
as lines. Your viewer may default to different settings, making the display slightly different.

The objects are also listed in Layers Explorer.

Only the current displayed sub-volume is listed in the

Layers Explorer. Changing the displayed sub-volume will
change the name appropriately.

Segy_Model_prestack_SI_Gas _Sand_GeoSISession

117
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Expand Well: Data in Layers Explorer.

Click Well_A4 to open the View Parameters
panel and the Well_A4 tab.
Change Well color to black.
Select VpVs_Ratio for Data Mapping.
Select AVO Envelope for Palette, set the Min
to 1.25, Max to 2.4, and select Flip.
Change Radius for the Extrusion Shape to
70.

118
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Click each of the other well names in Layers

Explorer to open their tabs in View
Parameters.
Note that Well_L4 and Well_Y1 do not have
VpVs_Ratio logs, so their Data mapping
values are None.

119
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

In Layers Explorer, select

Segy…Gas_Sand_GeoSISession.
Its tab opens in View Parameters.
Change Palette to density.
Set Min to 0.0 and Max to 0.82.
Under Display Slices, uncheck the Inline and
Crossline options.
Set Domain to 2109 ms. This is time of the
Patchawarra Sand.
Uncheck Bounding Box.

120
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Change Data mapping to

Segy…Ip_GeoSISession_mean. The tab
name automatically updates.
Change Palette to Lithology.
Set Min to 2900 and Max to 15000.
Set Domain to 2109 ms.

121
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Change Data mapping to

Segy…Is_GeoSISession_mean. The tab
name automatically updates.
Change Palette to Lithology.
Set Min to 2000 and Max to 12000.
Set Domain to 2109 ms.

122
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Change Data mapping to

Segy…vp_vs_GeoSISession_mean. The
tab name automatically updates.
Change Palette to AVO Envelope.
Set Min to 1.25, Max to 2.4 and select Flip.
Set Domain to 2109 ms.

123
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Zp Mean Zs Mean

VpVs Mean Gas Sand

Probability

124
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Change Data mapping to Segy…_Gas_Sand_GeoSISession and make 0-0.2

transparent.

This results in a gas sand map with a minimum of 20% probability.

125
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

The RGB and Alpha Channels

On the left side of the viewer, select the RGB must have the same time extents
Blending tab.

Change Red Channel Volume to

GeoSI_vp_vs_Negative_mean.

Change Green Channel Volume to

GeoSI_Ip_Negative_mean.

Change Blue Channel Volume to

GeoSI_Is_Negative_mean.
The Alpha Channel is not required, but
Change Alpha Channel to
all three RGB channels must be
Segy_Model_prestack_SI and Data to
selected.
Segy…Gas_Sand_GeoSISession.

Click Apply and then Yes to convert the

volumes to LDM format.

126
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

In Layers Explorer, notice the new

RGB Volume item.
Uncheck Volume under Volume Data.
Select VpVs_Ratio(from GeoSI…) to
add its tab to View Parameters.
Under Display Slices, uncheck Inline
and Crossline.
Change Domain to 2109.

127
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Under RGB Mapping, set the

following values for each
channel:
Red
Min to -1.85 and Max to -1.5
Green
Min to -13000 and Max to -
9500
Blue
Min to -8000 and Max to -
4000
Alpha
Min to 0 and Max to 1

Uncheck all channels except the

one you want to look at to only
view the data for that channel.

128
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
Red Green

Each individual RGB

display represents
the mean VpVs, Zp
and Zs.

VpVs Mean Zp Mean

Blue Alpha

The Alpha Channel

represents the Gas
Sand Probability, the
range is from 0-0.8
but will be displayed
as all black.

Zs Mean Gas Sand Probability

129
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

The overlapping of Red, Green and Blue

channel areas results in the following colors:

• Red and Green: Yellow

• Green and Blue: Cyan
• Blue and Red: Magenta
• Red, Green and Blue: White

The highest amplitude values of each RGB

volume (including all clipped values)
correspond to the RGB overlap colors.

The VpVs, Zp and Zs volumes were created by multiplying the GeoSI SEG-Y outputs
by -1.

This gives you the ability to display the lowest VpVs ratio, Zp and Zs values as RGB
overlap colors.

130
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
The Max values of the three RGB volumes mix to create yellow, cyan, magenta and
white. The mixed or overlapped colors represent areas where the maximum RGB data
sets (including clipped values) overlap.
The Alpha channel acts as a transparency mask. It can be thought of as a spatial zone
which restricts the area where the RGB volumes can be displayed. Only the RGB colors
which fall within the selected area of the Alpha channel will show.

131
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

The overlapping
maximum values
result in the yellow,
cyan, magenta and
white colors.

The values which do

not overlap are solid
red, green and blue.

132
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
Uncheck the Blue and Alpha channels.
Yellow indicates where the VpVs and Zp have overlapping low negative values.

133
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
Uncheck the Green and Alpha channels.
Magenta indicates where the VpVs and Zs have overlapping low negative values.

134
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
Select all channels.
The Yellow, Magenta, Cyan and White areas indicate where the VpVs, Zp and Zs have
overlapping low negative values.

135
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending
Set the transparency for the Alpha channel for all values less than 0.4.
The lowest VpVs, Zp and Zs values which lie within the 40% Gas Sand Probability area
are displayed. The Alpha channel overrides the transparency for the RGB volumes.

136
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

Select File on the Advanced 3D

Visualization window.

Select Save session.

The Save session browse dialog opens.

Enter the name
Exercise_3_A3DV_Session.

Click Save.

137
 Exercise 3 RGB Blending

We have now finished the

RGB Blending exercise.

Exit the project by clicking

File>Exit in the upper left
corner of the Advanced 3D
Visualization window.

End of Exercise 3
138
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results
GeoSI was used to map two Patchawarra Sands
(separated by a shale)

S
A
N
D

W
Sand 1 E
T

S
H
A
L

Sand 2 E

C
O
A
L

139
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

Stochastic Inversion (GeoSI) was

used to create the P-Impedance
mean and the Gas Sand
Probability volumes from the
Leleptian data set.

GeoSI output two types of data.

Seismic Volumes
Inversion and facies results are
output with the same sample rate
as the input seismic volume.

SI Model Volumes
Inversion and facies results are
output on a layer basis. Layers
typically have a smaller sample
rate value than the input seismic
volume, and therefore have higher
vertical resolution.

140
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results
View the SI Model
results to see higher
resolution than what the
input seismic shows.

Stochastic Inversion
results viewed in the
Advanced 3D Viewer
allows you to visualize
the individual layers of
the impedance,
impedance products,
facies and probability
distributions.

141
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

The Advanced 3D Visualization

plugin can be accessed through the
following Processes:

• Azimuthal AVO (ProAZ)

• Facies Classification (LithoSI)
• Stochastic Inversion (GeoSI)
• Plugin

Select the Processes tab and double-

click Visualize GeoSI Result under the
Stochastic Inversion process.

142
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

Select the Inversion Grids

Selection tab and select
Model_prestack_SI as the
Inversion grid.

There may be numerous data

files available in the SI Model.
The default Data displayed will
be the P-Impedance model.

Open the Wells Selection tab

and select the Select All Items
button.

This option loads all available

wells in the project as a group.
The selected wells now appear
in Layers Explorer.

143
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

The P-Impedance model and

the Well objects appear in the
viewer as Top View (i.e.,
looking straight down).

The domain slice is the

dominant object with the inline
and/or crossline slices
appearing as lines. Your viewer
may default to different
settings, making the display
slightly different than the image
here.
The objects are also listed in
Layers Explorer.

144
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

In Layers Explorer, expand Well: Data.

Click Well_A4 to open the View
Parameters panel and the Well_A4 tab.
Change Well color to black.
Select P-Impedance for Data mapping.

Set the Min to 3000, Max to 15000 and

select Flip.

Set Extrusion Radius to 70.

Set the same settings for all wells. Use P-

Impedance_trans for Data mapping when
P-Impedance is not available.

145
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

General Control

In View Parameters, select the General

tab.

Change Z scaling to 2.4.

Use the wheel scroll buttons at the bottom

of the viewer to zoom in and re-position
the plot. Press and hold the mouse button
and drag to pan the display to a different
location in the viewer.

146
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results
In Layers Explorer, expand Inversion Grid: and click
Model_prestack_SI.

Select Model_prestack_SI in View Parameters.

Change Data mapping to ip_GeoSISession_mean.

P-Impedance Model

147
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

P-Impedance Mean

Change Min to 3000 and Max to 15000.

The Ip mean volume is displayed as Full Mesh,

the equivalent to Display Volume for seismic.
displays.

Uncheck Full Mesh at the bottom of the dialog.

The Ip mean display disappears from the
viewer.

148
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

Under Geometric Slices Display,

select Time Slice.
Change slice number to 2109.
Uncheck Time Slice before
continuing.

Time Slice = 2109 ms.

150
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results
In the Slabs tabs, select Slice number and set the following parameter
values to:
Slice number Thickness
Inline 2245 1
Crossline 10261 8
Layer 115 14

Slab

151
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results
Now change the Layer slice to 104 and uncheck Inline and Crossline. At the top of the
Model_prestack_SI tab, set transparency for values <9000 and >12000.

In View Parameters, open the General tab.

Change the Z scaling value to 15.

Set
Transparency
Remove
Transparency
Slab Layer = 104

Upper Gas Sand

Layers 104-107

Shale
Layers 108-112
Lower Gas Sand
Layers 113-118

152
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

Re-open the Model_prestack_SI

tab. Select Cell Outline.
Cell Outline displays the layers of
the volume.

Upper and Lower Gas Sand plus Shale

(Layers104-118)

153
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

Clear the transparency by dragging the

side arrow up and down.
Under Cell Filtering, select Data Range
Filtering.
Set Min to 9000 and Max to 12000
In the Layer tab (under Slabs), change
Thickness to 4.

Upper Gas Sand (Layers 104-107)

154
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

In the Layer tab (under Slabs), change

Slice number to 113 and Thickness to
6.

Lower Gas Sand (Layers 113-118)

155
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results
To the left of the viewer, open Seismic Volumes Selection.

Select cdp_stack(LDM) as the Volume.

If there is no LDM version, select cdp_stack and select Yes to convert it to LDM.

Select Seismic as the Data. Click Update.

156
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

In Layers Explorer and under Volume:

Data, select cdp_stack(LDM). Its tab will
open in View Parameters.
Select Blue to Red as the Palette.
Set Min to -5.7 and Max to 5.3. Select
Flip.
Select Display Volume, Subvolume, and
Control Subvolume.
Select Chair display.
Control Subvolume (red vertices) resizes
and moves the sub-volume. If Control
Subvolume is unchecked, the size of the
chair is controlled by the green vertices.
The sub-volume does not change.

157
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

Move and Resize the Sub-volume Lower Gas Sand (Layers 113-118)

Select the Arrow button.

Place the 3D cursor on.
Click and hold one of the red highlighted
vertices, and drag the cursor. The
extents of the sub-volume will change.
Each vertex controls a different extent.
Uncheck Control Subvolume.
Click and drag one of the green vertices.
The position and extents of the chair will
change.
Select the Hand button when finished
editing the position. Editing the sub-volume with a large
Z-scaling is slow, so change the Z-
scaling back to 1 before editing.
After editing, change the Z-scaling
Chair Control back to the desired value.

158
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

In the Model_prestack_SI tab, change

Data Mapping to
Gas_Sand_GeoSISession.
Set Min to 0 and Max to 0.82.
Uncheck Data Range Filtering.

159
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results
Probability of Patchawarra Gas Sand
Upper Gas Sand (Layers 104-107) Lower Gas Sand (Layers 113-118)

The yellow and red colors represent 45-82% probability for the presence of Gas Sand.

160
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

Select File on the Advanced 3D

Visualization window.
Select Save session.
The Save session browse dialog
opens. Enter the name
Exercise_4_A3DV_Session.
Click Save.

161
 Exercise 4 Visualize GeoSI Results

We have now finished the

Visualize GeoSI Results
exercise.
Exit the project by clicking
File>Exit in the upper left
corner.

162
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis: LithoSI

Geobody Definition

A geobody is an extracted 3D object that delineates a geological feature or

lithology type based on analyzing the connectivity of the voxels. Once extracted,
volumetric information can be calculated.

163
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis: LithoSI
Type of connections between cell?
Connection criteria:

1. Face to Face

2. Edge to Edge

3. Corner to Corner

164
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis: LithoSI
LithoSI Example

Facies volume Probability volume

Geobody Volume

165
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis: LithoSI

Geobody
Volumetric
Estimation
Volume to A . h . phi . (1-Sw) . N

Sw : Water Saturation
A: Area (inline x crossline spacing)
h: Average thickness
phi: Porosity
N: Number of voxels

166
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis: LithoSI

The number of voxels are calculated

for each geobody.

167
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis
In Geoview, the Zp and LR
Volumes were created through
Pre-Stack Inversion and the
LMR process. These seismic
volumes were then used in
LithoSI to calculate Gas Sand
Facies and Gas Sand Probability
volumes over the Tirrawarra
Sand Zone.
These volumes will be used in
Connectivity Analysis to
calculate the number of Voxels
in each geobody.

Probability Facies

168
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

In the Project Manager, open

the Processes tab and
double-click Connectivity
Analysis under Facies
Classification (LithoSI).

169
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

After the
Connectivity
Analysis window
opens, the
Connectivity Analysis
panel opens inside
the window.
Close the Project
Manager to create
more space for the
Connectivity Analysis
and Advanced 3D
Visualization
windows.

170
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis
In the Seismic Volumes Selection tab, above the Connectivity Analysis Menu panel.

Change the Volume to lithosi.

Change Data to lithosi_lithosi_facies.

Select Update.

171
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

The Connectivity Analysis panel

the bottom of the Object window.
The default Input Volume is
cdp_stack.
Click the button beside Input
Volume field to open an menu and
select a different volume.

172
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Select lithosi as the Input Volume.

173
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Step 1 (Input Data)

• The default is
Lithosi_lithosi_facies (based
on the input volume).

Step 2 (Classification definition)

• The default is by
Classification.
• Double-click Porous Sand.

174
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Step 3 (Connectivity Criteria)

• Select Edge-Edge.
• Select Corner-Corner.

Step 4 (Condition Volume)

• Select Condition Volume.

• Change Input Condition
Volume to lithosi
• Change Input Property to
lithosiPorous Sand proba.
• Select a range from 55 to
100.
• Change the output base
name to geobody_of_lithosi.

Click Apply.

175
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

We have calculated geobodies for

the Porous Sand based on a 55-
100% probability.

The geobodies appear in a 3D

viewer identical to the viewer in the
Advanced 3D Visualization window.

Right-click on the viewer (on the

background area) to open a menu.

Uncheck Axes Annotations.

176
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis
Under View Data in the Layers
Explorer, uncheck the
lithosi_lithosi_facies (from
lithoso(LDM)) volume.
Select lithosi_lithosi_facies
(from
geobody_of_lithosi_Porous_San
d (55-100)(LDM).

The View Parameters for

…geobody_of_lithosi_Porous_S
and (55-100)(LDM) will appear
at the bottom of the window.

Change Palette to Lithology.

Set Min to 0 and Max to 10.

177
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Open the General tab in

the View Parameters.

Select Z scaling.

Set Z scaling to 5.

178
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Use the rotate and pan tools and

controls previously explained in the
tutorial to rotate the geobodies
(i.e., hand button, wheel scroll
buttons, mouse wheel button)

There are 10 Gas Sand geobodies

plotted, each in its own color.

179
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Open Wells Selection in the

Object window.

Select Well_A4 and Add Well.

Repeat to add Well_K7 and

Well_L4.

In View Data in the Layers

Explorer, display only Well_L4.

Click Well_L4. Well_L4 will now

appear in View Parameters.

Do not display the volumes

(uncheck Volume:).

180
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Open Well_L4 in View Parameters.

Change Data mapping to

Lithology_math.

Change Palette to Quality and

Number of colors to 4.

Set Min to 1 and Max to 4.

Set Extrusion Radius to 70

The Sand facies in the well are

colored Yellow.

181
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Open the Markers tab.

Select Name to display the

picked tops.

Set Size to 250.

Display only Top Por >10%

and Base Por > 10% and
display the tops as purple
and green discs. Use inner
scroll bar to show hidden
items.

182
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

In Layers Explorer, select Volume to

re-display the geobodies.

The geobodies appear with Well_L4.

The Top and Base of the Porous Sand

corresponds to the Blue geobody.

On the Markers tab, uncheck Display.

Display Well_A4 and Well_K7 and add

their tabs to View Parameters. Change
their well colors to black.

183
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Open View Parameters for

geobody_of_lithosi_Porous_Sa
nd (55-100)(LDM).

Change Display Volume to

Volume Rendering Lighted.

Uncheck Bounding Box.

Uncheck Progressive
Rendering.

184
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Near the bottom of the dialog, select Display

Geobodies connected to well(s).

Double-click Well_L4 in the menu.

Only the geobodies which Well_L4 penetrates will

be displayed.

Uncheck Display Geobodies connected to well(s).

185
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Change the Min to 0 and

Max to 3.

Near the bottom of the

menu, use the slider bar to
change # of geobody, the
number of geobodies.

Set the number to 3. This

will display only the 3
largest geobodies.

Select Statistics to
calculate the voxels of the
3 largest geobodies.

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 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

The Geobodies statistics

dialog opens.

The dialog contains 3

color-coded geobodies with
the Number of Voxels for
each geobody shown.

Hold the cursor over

Geobody 2 in the dialog.
Geobody 2 is then
highlighted in the Viewer.
The other two geobodies
become transparent.

The voxels for Geobody 2

are used to calculate the
volume of that geobody.

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 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Place the cursor on

Geobody 1 in the
dialog.

Geobody 1 is
highlighted in the
viewer.

The other two

geobodies become
transparent.
In the dialog, click
OK.

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 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Select Display Slices.

Display the Inline, Crossline and Domain
slices.
Set the following values:
Inline to 2355, Xline to 10228, Domain to
2110
The Display Slices appear as green
lines. The lines indicate the position of
the slices on the geobody. Xline
Inline

Domain T to
2110 ms

189
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

Select File on the Connectivity

Analysis window.
Select Save session.
The Save session browse dialog
opens. Enter the name
Exercise_5_A3DV_Session.
Select Save.

190
 Exercise 5 Connectivity Analysis

We have now finished the

Connectivity exercise.

Exit the project by clicking

File>Exit in the upper left
corner.

191
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Fracture Display: ProAz

192
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
Well_A4 indicates a zone of higher Anisotropy and fracture at a
depth of 9310 feet.

9200 ft.

Zone of
Higher
Anisotropy

9510 ft.

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 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Well_A4 – Fracture Dip

Height

0.3 ft

Dip
2π*6.5 in
Caliper

0.3 ft = 9 cm
6.5 in = 17 cm
Atan(caliper/height) = 62 deg

𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
 Dip of the fracture (from z-axis): 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = atan ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
≈ 62°

194
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
In the Geoview workspace,
open the Seismic window.
Display the Ruger_Bani and
cdp_stack seismic volumes in
View 1 and View 2.

In the Well jump options menu, Bani response at the

select Well_A4. Fracture fracture zone in
Bani
at 9310 ft Anomaly Well_A4
Change the color key for
cdp_stack to Blue to Red by
right-clicking on the color key
and select Modify Color
Scheme.

Select Reverse Colors.

The fractured zone of Interest

(ZOI) is at the Horizon_6 level.

195
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

The time structure is displayed for three separate horizons. The time structures
indicate increasing structure with time. ProAZ was used to identify the possible
fractures. A3D Viewer can be used to display the fracture density and tie the
relationship between structure and fracture density.

Horizon_2 Horizon_6 Horizon_8

196
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Open the Processes tab.

Expand Azimuthal AVO (ProAz).
Double-click Visualize Fracture Density.
The Advanced 3D Visualization window
opens.

197
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

In the Seismic Volumes Selection

panel, select ProAZ_Ruger as the
Volume and Ruger_Bani as the
Data.
Or, in the Project Manager’s
Project Data tab, select and drag
Ruger_Bani onto the 3D viewer.
Select Yes to convert the SEG-Y
file into LDM (Large Data Model)
format. This is the recommended
data format that works best in the
3D Viewer. It will takes a minute for
the conversion to finish.
You can continue to use and the
SEG-Y format at this point but it is
not as efficient with a large dataset.

198
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Open the Wells Selection tab.

Select Well_A4.

To add an additional well, click Add Well at

the bottom of the dialog.

Continue to add the wells:

Well_K7
Well_L4
Well_Y1

Alternatively, open the Project Data tab,

and the Wells tab. Click and drag the well
names into the 3D viewer.

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 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Viewer Window

The volume and the wells are

loaded into the Viewer window.
The default view will be Top View.
Right-click in the background of the
viewer and uncheck off Axis
Annotations.

200
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

In the Layers Explorer window, click the

Ruger_Bani(LDM) volume.

The View Parameters will appear below

Layers Explorer with the Ruger_Bani tab
open.

Change Palette to AVO Envelope.

Set Min to 2 and Max to 10.

Do no display the Inline and Crossline slices.

Change Domain to 1994 ms.

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 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Click Well_A4 in Layers Explorer to open its

tab in View Parameters.
Click Well Color and change the color to black.
In the Markers tab, select Top High Anisotropy,
Top Fracture and Base High Anisotropy.
Uncheck the other items.
Set Size to 200 and uncheck Name.
Color the other three wells black, also.

202
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
Bani Anomalies at T = 1994 ms have the same orientation as
the faults on Horizon_6

Horizon 6 T = 1994
203
ms
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
Select Ruger_Bani(LDM) in View
Parameters.

Do not display Bounding Box.

Set the Transparency as indicated on the

image using the below steps.

1. Triangular Transparency
• Place the cursor near the bottom left corner of the color
key and press Ctrl.
• Click and drag the cursor to the upper right corner.
• A triangular transparency shape appears.

2. Free Hand Transparency

• Place the cursor within the bottom left corner of the color
key.
• Click near the bottom left corner of the color key.
• Drag the cursor to the right towards amplitude 4.5.
• Release the mouse.

204
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
The selected transparency highlights the fracture orientation.

205
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Open the General tab in View

Parameters.

Change Z scaling to 18.

206
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
Select the Home button
and then the Zoom In at
Cursor button. Click the
domain slice in the
viewer. Zoom in
The view will zoom at Cursor
towards the clicked
point.

207
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Open the Horizons Selection tab and select

Horizon_6 from the horizon drop-down menu. The
horizon is loaded into the 3D viewer and displayed.

208
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Click Horizon_6 in Layers Explorer to open its tab in

View Parameters.

Set Min to 1999 and Max to 2084.

Set the Transparency as indicated in the image of

the dialog.

1. Click and drag the triangle down.

2. Stop when the Ruger_Bani(LDM) volume
is prominently visible. The TWT of the
horizon should also be visible.

209
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
Transparency allows various attributes to be visible when different dataset
slices are overlaid in the viewer. The relationship between Time Structure
and Bani is shown.

210
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Clear the transparency settings by

sliding the triangle (on the right side
of the color key) down and then back
up.

Clear the Ruger_Bani(LDM) color key

transparency.

Uncheck Ruger_Bani in Layers

Explorer.

Clear the Horizon_6 color key

transparency.

211
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
We want to extract the data value from the
Ruger_Bani volume along the horizon using
AVO Envelope as the color key. Modify the
values as follow:

i. Data Mapping: Volume_Data

ii. Palette: AVO Envelope
iii. Min to 2 and Max to 10
iv. Input Volume: Ruger_ Bani(LDM)
v. Data Window Region: Center around
sample
vi. Data Window Size: 3 ms
vii. Averaging Method: RMS Average
viii. Change the Horizon Offset: 23 ms
ix. Click Update

The horizon has been shifted to below the

top of the fracture in Well_A4 with an RMS
Average calculated with a 3 ms window
centered below the top of the fracture.

212
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Extract from Volume display of Horizon_6

Blue = Top of High Anisotropy Well_K7 Well_Y1

Pink = Top of Fracture

Well_L4
Well_A4

Horizon Slice: extracted value from

Ruger_Bani(LDM) along Horizon_6.
Z scaling = 18 Offset to +23 ms, Window to 3 ms

213
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

To view both the azimuth and anisotropic

gradient values simultaneously in a vector-
type display, re-display the Ruger_Bani
volume.

Right-click the Ruger_Bani domain slice to

open a context menu.

Select Create Fracture to open the Fracture

Display Selection panel to the right of the
viewer.

Select ProAZ_Ruger as the Azimuth

Volume. Select Ruger_Az as the Data.

Select Apply.

Select Yes to use LDM volume as the input

file.

214
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
To keep the display clean, small Bani
values are not displayed.

Set the parameters as follows:

Min threshold to 2
Max threshold to 10
Platelet Height Multiplier to 1
Replicate Fracture per location to 0
Decimate Inline and Xline by to 2
Domain Value to 1994 ms

Click Apply to update the display.

Note that these parameters can be

updated later. The text box at the top
describes the calculation of the fracture
length.

215
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
The time slice displayed is controlled by the
Domain Value slider.
Change the Domain Value to 2014 and then to T=
2014
T=
2046 to view how the morphology of the glyphs 2032
changes structurally around Well_L4 and T=
Well_A4. 2046

Well_L4 Well_A4 Well_L4 Well_A4 Well_L4 Well_A4

T= T= T=
216 2014 2032 2046
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
Well_A4 Well_L4
Select Plot along selected horizon and select Horizon_6.
Select Tie horizon Slice Offset. This option allows the
horizon slice to move in parallel to the glyphs.

In Horizon_6 (in View Parameters), set Data Window

Size to 1.

In Fracture Parameters, set Plate Height Multiplier to 2 T = -5 ms

Well_A4 Well_L4
Change the Offset from -5 to + 61 ms to view how the
morphology of the glyphs change stratigraphically
between the Top and Base of the High Anisotropy Zone.

Change the offset back to +13.

T = 13 ms
Well_A4 Well_L4

T = 23 ms
217
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Now we will view the azimuth, anisotropic

gradient and the uncertainty simultaneously in a
vector-type display.

Uncheck Plot along a selected horizon.

In General (in View Parameters), set Z scaling

to 8.

In Fracture Display Selection (to the right of the

viewer), select Uncertainty Parameters.

Select ProAZ_Ruger for the Fracture Density

Uncertainty and Azimuth Uncertainty. Select
Ruger_stdBani and Ruger_stdAz as the Data
values, respectfully.

Select Update.

Set the Palette Height Multiplier to 1.

218
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
The anisotropic gradient and azimuth are used to define the magnitude and orientation
of the glyphs. The glyphs have length and height, both of which are related to the Bani
magnitude. The azimuth controls the orientation of the glyph.

Time = 1994 Well_L4

ms

In Fracture Display
Selection, change Uncertainty
Mode to Whisker.

Z-Scaling = 8

219
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

 The uncertainty controls the whiskers

on either side of the glyphs. The
greater the standard deviation of the
angle estimate, the wider the
whiskers are plotted as shown to the
right.
 The length of the whiskers are
related to the uncertainty of the Az uncertainty
magnitude (Bani). The length of the
whisker represents +/- one standard
deviation of the magnitude Bani
uncertainty.
 To see the glyphs, they must be
properly scaled, which is discussed
on the next slide.
Bani
uncertainty

220
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
Zoom in to see the uncertainty bars Loops
To zoom in, click on the icon,
then click on the area of interest to
zoom in.

Or use the middle mouse wheel to

zoom. Hold the wheel down to
move about the surface
Plates
Well_L4

Whisker

221
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Click the icon to open the View

parameter dialog for Well_A4.

Set the Data mapping to P-Impedance.

This will display the P-Impedance
information in color with the Min and
Max values associated with the color
scale.

Set Min to 2000 and Max to 17000

Select Flip to reverse the color key.

To display the log in color with a

constant radius, check Extrusion shape
and slide the bar to 30, then check Use
constant radius.

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 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

In Fracture Display Parameters, set

Palette Height Multiplier to 1.

Select Plot along selected horizon.

Set Offset to 13.

In General View Parameters, set Z

scaling to 18.

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 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density
These parameters will create a display similar to the one shown below.

224
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

Select File on the Advanced 3D

Visualization window.

Select Save session.

The Save session browse dialog opens.

Enter the name
Exercise_6_A3DV_Session

Select Save.

225
 Exercise 6 Visualize Fracture Density

We have now finished the

Fracture Visualization
exercises.

Exit the project by clicking

File>Exit in the upper left corner.

End of Exercise 6
226