UNIT – II

Mesh & Nodal Analysis Problems

1
 Identifying the Meshes
1kW 1kW 1kW

1kW
2V Mesh 3
V1 + + V2 1kW
– Mesh 1 Mesh 2 – +
–
2kW
12V + + 4V
– Mesh 1 Mesh 2 –
I0

2
 By ohms law V=IR
If the circuit contains 2 loops If the circuit contains 3 loops
then matrix will be 2X2 matrix then matrix will be 3X3 matrix

 R11 R12 R13   I 1  V1 

 R11 R12   I 1  V1  R
R    =   21 R22 R23   I 2  = V2 
 21 R22   I 2  V2 
 R31 R32 R23   I 3  V3 

Where
R11 Sum of the resistances in loop 1 V1 Sum of the voltages in loop 1
V2 Sum of the voltages in loop 2
R22 Sum of the resistances in loop 2
V3 Sum of the voltages in loop 3
R33 Sum of the resistances in loop 3
R31 = R13 Sum of the resistances in loop 1and 3
I1 Unknown loop current in loop 1
R12=R21 Sum of the resistances in loop 1 and 2
I2 Unknown loop current in loop 2
R32=R23 Sum of the resistances in loop 2 and 3
I3 Unknown loop current in loop 3

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Rules:
# All the diagonal elements are positive (R11,R22,R33)
# All the Non diagonal elements(R12,R23,R13,R21,R32,R31) are Negative if
all the loop currents are in the same direction

4
Rules continued
# The Non diagonal elements(R12,R23,R13,R21,R32,R31) are positive if the
loop currents in the common element aid each other.

5
Solve the given circuit and find the mesh currents and
branch currents and branch voltages.

Solution for Problem No.1

R11 = 5+10 =15

R22 = 10+6+4 =20
R12= R21 = -10
V1 = 15-10 =5
V2 = 10

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  15 − 10  I 1   5 
− 10 20   I  = 10
  2   

 15 − 10
=  = 200
I1 =
 1 200
=
 200
− 10 20 
= 1Amps

 5 − 10  15 5 
1 =   = 200 2 =   = 200
10 20  − 10 10

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  1 200
I1 = = = 1Amps
 200
 2 200
I2 = = = 1Amps
 200
Current in 5Ω Resistor= I1=1 Amps
Current in 6Ω Resistor= I2=1 Amps
Current in 4Ω Resistor= I2=1 Amps
Current in 10Ω Resistor= I1-I2=0 Amps
Voltage in 5Ω Resistor =1*5 =5 Volts
Voltage in 6Ω Resistor= 6*1= 6 Volts
Voltage in 4Ω Resistor= 4*1= 4 Volts
Voltage in 10Ω Resistor= 0 Volts
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 Solve the given circuit by
Mesh Analysis and find
the loop currents

Solution for Problem No.2

R11=5+3+4=12
R22=2+6+3=11

R33=4+8=12 9
 Solution for Problem No.2
R12=R21= -3

R13=R31= -4

R23=R32= 0

V1= 50
V2= -20  12 − 3 − 4  I1   50 
V3=20  − 3 11 0   I  = − 20
  2   
− 4 0 12   I 3   20 
10
Solution for Problem No.2
 12 − 3 − 4  I1   50 
 − 3 11 0   I  = − 20 
  2    1 6760
− 4 0 12   I 3   20  I1 = = = 5.2 Amps
 1300

 12 − 3 − 4  12 50 − 4  2 − 520
I2 = = = −0.4 Amps
 =  − 3 11 0  = 1300  2 =  − 3 − 20 0  = −520  1300

− 4 0 12  − 4 20 12 

 3 4420
 12 − 3 50  I3 = = = 3.4 Amps
 50 − 3 − 4  1300
1 = − 20 11 0  = 6760  3 =  − 3 11 − 20 = 4420
 20 0 12  − 4 0 20 

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Find the mesh currents by using mesh analysis

12
 Find the mesh currents
by using mesh analysis

R11=4+8+4=16 V1= 10-5 =5

R22=4+2+1=7 V2 = 5-8 = -3
R33=1+10+3=14 V3 = -8 + 20 =12
R12=R21= -4
R23=R32= 1
R13=R31=0
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  16 − 4 0   I 1   5   5 −4 0
− 4 7 1   I  = − 3
  2    1 = − 3 7 1  = 269
 0 1 14  I 3   12   12 1 14

 16 − 4 0   16 5 0 
   
 2 = − 4 − 3 1  = −584
 = − 4 7 1  = 1328
 0 1 14  0 12 14
 16 − 4 5 
I1 =
1 269
= = 0.2026 Amps  3 = − 4 7 − 3 = 1180
 1328  0 1 12 
 2 − 584
I2 = = = −0.4398 Amps
 1328  3 1180
I3 = = = 0.886 Amps
 1328
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Additional problems

15
Additional problems

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 Three are more elements joined together
Nodal Analysis Concept is called as Node.
v1
v2 v3
• •
R2 R4

R1 R3
I

reference node
V1 − V2 V1 V1 V1 − V3
+ + + = I
R2 R1 R3 R4

 1 1 1 1   1   1 
 + + + V1 −  V2 −  V3 = I
 R1 R2 R3 R4   R2   R4 
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Identify the number of nodes

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Nodal Analysis by By ohms law V=IR
Inspection method I=1/R*V If the circuit contains 3 major
nodes then matrix will be 3X3
If the circuit contains 2 major I=GV matrix
nodes then matrix will be 2X2
matrix
G11 G12 G13  V1   I 1 
G11 G12  V1   I 1  G
G    = 
 21 G22 G23  V2  =  I 2 
 21 G22  V2   I 2 
G31 G32 G23  V3   I 3 
Where
G11 Sum of the conductance’s in node No. 1 I1 Sum of the currents flowing towards node no. 1
G22 Sum of the conductance’s in node No. 2 I2 Sum of the currents flowing towards node no. 2
G33 Sum of the conductance’s in node No. 3
I3 Sum of the currents flowing towards node no.3
G31 = G13 Sum of the conductance’s connected between node
No. 1and 3
V1 Unknown node voltage of node no. 1
G12=G21 Sum of the conductance’s connected between node
No. 1 and 2 V2 Unknown node voltage of node no. 2
G32=G23 Sum of the conductance’s connected between node V3 Unknown node voltage of node no. 3
No. 2 and 3 19
Rules:
# All the diagonal(G11,G22,G33 )elements are positive.
# All the Non diagonal(G12,G13,G23,G32,G21,G31) elements
are negative.

Note:
For inspection method the circuit should
contain only current source. If voltage source is
present convert in to current source and then
apply inspection method.
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Find the node voltages and branch currents.
Since there are 2 nodes we have 2x2 matrix

G11 G12  V1   I 1 

G    = 
 21 G22  V2   I 2 
1 1
G11 = + = 0.25 + 0.5 = 0.75 I1=5
2 4
1 1 I2 = -5 + 10=5
G22 = + = 0.25 + 0.1666 = 0.4166
4 6
1
G12 = G21 = = 0.25 = −0.25
4

 0.75 − 0.25  V1  5

− 0.25 0.4166 V  = 5
  2   
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  0.75 − 0.25  V1  5
− 0.25 0.4166 V  = 5 1
  2    V1 = = 13.33Volts

2
 0.75 − 0.25  V2 = = 20Volts
=  = 0.24995 
− 0.25 0.4166
V1
I 2W = = 6.665 Amps
5 − 0.25  2
1 =   = 3.333
5 0.4166
V2 − V1
I 4W = = 1.6675 Amps
4
 0.75 5
2 =   =5
− 0.25 5
V2
I 6W = = 3.33 Amps
6
22
Calculate the node voltages for the circuit given
below
SOLUTION: Since there are three nodes we
have 3x3 matrix

G11 G12 G13  V1   I 1 

G G23  V2  =  I 2 
 21 G22
G31 G32 G23  V3   I 3 

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 1 1
G11 = + = 0.5833 I 1 = −3 − 8 = −11
3 4
1 1 1 I 2 = −(−3) = 3
G22 = + + = 1.4762
3 1 7
I 3 = −(−25) = 25
1 1 1 1
G33 = + + = 0.5929 G12 = G21 = = 0.33
5 7 4 3
1
1 G32 = G23 = = 0.1429
G13 = G31 = = 0.25 7
4

0.5833 − 0.33 − 0.25  V1  − 11

 − 0.33 1.4762 − 0.1429 V  =  3 
  2   
 − 0.25 − 0.1429 0.5929  V3   25 

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0.5833 − 0.33 − 0.25  V1  − 11
 − 0.33 1.4762 − 0.1429  V2  =  3 

 − 0.25 − 0.1429 0.5929  V3   25 

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Problem No.3
Find the voltage across the node 2 and 4 by
nodal analysis

1 1
G11 = + = 1.4
1 2.5
I1 = 4 − 3 = 1
1 1 1
G22 = + + = 1.5
4 1 4 I 2 = 3 − 4 = −1
1 1
G33 = + = 0.45 I3 = 4 − 4 = 0
4 5

G13 = G31 = 0
1
G12 = G21 = = 1 = −1
1

1
G32 = G23 = = 0.25 = −0.25
4 26
 1.4 −1 0  V1   1  1.4 1 0 
 − 1 1.5 − 0.25 V  = − 1  2 =  − 1 − 1 − 0.25 = −0.28
  2   
 0 − 0.25 0.45  V3   0   0 0 0.45 

1.4 −1 0 
 =  − 1 1.5 − 0.25 = 0.665
 0 − 0.25 0.45 
 2 − 0.28
V2 = = − 0.421Volts
 0.665

V4 W = V2 − V4 = −0.421 − 0 = −0.421Volts

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28
Additional problems

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THANK YOU

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