THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMNCE AT

BANGBANG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Research Paper Presented to

The Faculty of the Senior High School
Bangbang National High School

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements in
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion

By:
CHERRY ANN NUMBALGAN PUGUON
CONY DULNUAN DUMANGENG
ARIEL LINAGGA BALLUGUING
MILLER CULHI ATANG
JORDAN HIMMIWAT GANO
SYLVESTER GAMBOC MUNAING

To:
DAVID BINOYBUYAN DUPYAWON JR.
Adviser

March 2019

1
 Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................................3
Background of the Study..........................................................................................................................3
Statement of the problem........................................................................................................................6
Theoretical Framework............................................................................................................................7
Scope and Limitation.............................................................................................................................10
Significance of the Study........................................................................................................................10
Literature Review....................................................................................................................................12
Design and Methodology.........................................................................................................................19
Research Design....................................................................................................................................19
Population and Locale...........................................................................................................................20
Data Gathering Tool/Instrument...........................................................................................................21
Data Gathering Procedure....................................................................................................................21
Treatment of Data..................................................................................................................................22
RESULT AND DISCUSSION................................................................................................................23
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................29
APPENDICES.........................................................................................................................................30

2
 Chapter 1

Introduction
Background of the Study
The ease of internet access worldwide is one of the most popular medium of
gathering information and for communication (Ramamohanarao et al.,2007). The
internet is now very vital in the modern world. It has become an important instrument in
education and social life such that it is gradually becoming indispensable in the daily life
of many people (Pew Internet Research, 2014). The internet is highly enlightening and
entertaining medium; therefore, people engage in several activities on it; some of which
may be potentially addictive. One of such activity is the use of social media (Kuss and
Griffiths, 2011).

The introduction of social media in the last decade has large attracted many
people. This has therefore shifted their focus from mainly using just traditional media
and traditional forms of social networking for social interaction (Global Web Index,
2015). The mass appeal of social media could be an issue of concern, especially with
regards to the steady increase in the users spend online. Also, the qualities of social
media make it a desirable escape for many of these people increasing their dependency
on it; thereby contributing to the growth of the social media addiction phenomenon
worldwide (Brewer, 2013).

Social media has become a global phenomenon and a very important means of
communication among peers, families, and all manner of persons. Social media sites
such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and mobile instant messaging services
such as WhatsApp, Viber and IMO and video calling services like Skype have become
popular means of communication in the few years. Statistics show that active social
media users in the world are over estimated at about two thousand two hundred and six
billion, a global diffusion of 30% which is a rise number of users by about one hundred
and seventy-six million ( www.socialmediatoday.com ).

3
 Kuss and Griffiths (2011) define social media as virtual communities where users
can create individual public profiles, interact with real life friends, and meet other people
based on shared interest. Furthermore, any website that enables social interactions by
users is considered social media sites. The increase in number of this social media
sites, combined with the fast growth and advancement of mobile technology in the last
few years, coupled with the ease of access to broadband and mobile data services have
created a major avenue for daily social interaction; encouraging regular profile updates
and reply to comments and messages in real time.

Internet has changed the way people interact. Communication and access to
information has been made easier. Use of internet is now not only about communication
through emails but it is also a platform on which people interact. Sinitha and Narayan
(2010) observe that internet is now more blogs, podcasts, Facebook and twitter that are
tools and technology also called social networking a sites recent phenomenon. Social
networking sites are the web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public
or semi-public within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they
share a connection, view and traverse their lists of connection and those made by
others within the system (Boyd and Ellison, 2007).

Most of the members to these social networking sites are young people who still
in school. Al-Rahma and Othman (2013) inform that there is no doubt that social media
has gained wider acceptability and usability and is also becoming the most important for
communication tools among students. A large percentage of teenagers in Kenya spend
their time online either using smartphones or their computers and their handheld
gadgets such as iPad and tablets browsing the social networking sites. Students in all
levels of education seize every opportunity they get to access social networking sites to
check on status on Facebook and what is trending on Twitter. Teenagers have learned
to multi-task as they switch from one social networking sites to another.

When releasing 2013 KCSE results, Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Education

Science and Technology Professor Jacob Kaimenyi pointed out that one of the cause of
poor performance in languages is electronic communication devices such as mobile
phones and computers due to spell checking and predictive text capabilities.

4
 Research has shown that social media is negatively associated with academic
performance of students. According to Karpinski (2009) Facebook users often devoted
lesser time to their studies in comparison to the non-users did and subsequently had
lower GPA’s.

Teenagers are among the most avid users of technology in general and social
network sites (Lenhart et al., 2007). Recent reports find that youth spend nearly 10
hours per day using some form of technology with socially networked media playing a
large role in their daily lives (Rideout et al.,2010). Neelamar and Chitra (2009) also
stated that members of social sites can easily form groups and share their opinions
among themselves through discussions threads, forums and polls. On their research on
the impact of social network on Indian youth they found out that 95% who are members
in one or more social networking sites spend varying amount of time from less than an
hour to five hours every day in social networking sites. They also found out that 95% of
youth find the social networking sites as a platform for reconnecting with lost friends,
maintaining existing relationships and sharing knowledge, ideas and opinions.

Furthermore, Narayan et al., (2010) observed that social networking has become
part of the daily life experience for an increasing number of people. They also further
point out that the rapid adoption of social network sites by teenagers in the United
States and many other countries around the world raises some important questions.
Ahn (2010) also observed that while teenagers are engaged with technology, they are
more disengaged from another major component of their lives-school. No one denies
that youth these technologies to communicate with the world, and they do so with high
frequency and intensity (Lenhart et al.,2007).

However, social networking websites content is least monitored and these sites
through popular with teenagers, do have many issues such as addiction and even
online bullying which can have adverse effects on their academic performance. In
addition, Karla and Manani (2013) argued that excessive use of this sites not only have
long lasting effect on psyche of students but also affects the physical mental and social
aspect of live.

5
 They further add that sometimes these sites also affect the academic
achievement of the students because they don’t want to leave that particular aura and
thus their concentration stands divided. May students have lost their interest in their
studies as they spend most of their time on these sites (Karla and Manani,2013). Boyd
(2007) also added that what started as a hobby for some computer literate people has
become a social norm and way of life for people all over the world.

Banquil and Chua (2009) came up with a conclusion that social networking sites
do affect one’s academics adversely and cause a gradual drop of grades of students.
They attribute this to the student investing his or her time in social networking sites
instead of their studies.

Statement of the problem

It is therefore important to investigate whether aside from communicating, if there
is any other role that these social networking sites play in school going teenagers’ life.
This study aims to find out the impacts of social media on students’ academic
performance at Bangbang National High School. The following objectives guided the
study such as to identify social media platforms that student mostly use? Another, is to
determine what they use these social media platforms for? Furthermore, the study
wants determine whether the students of BNHS are exposed to social media and to
identify the benefits obtained by using social media in terms of educational purposes?
Lastly, is to examine the impacts of time consumed by the students on social
networking to their academic performance?

The researchers want to learn the impacts of social media on students’ academic
performance at Bangbang National High School and the relationship between social
media and academic performance. Specifically, the researchers constructed the study
to answer the following questions:

1.) What is the level of the academic performance of the students in Bangbang
National High School?

2.) What is the level of the social media users of the students in BNHS?

6
 3.) What is the relationship of the use of social media and academic performance
of the students in BNHS?

4.) Is there a significant difference in the academic performance when the users
are grouped according to?

a. gender b. grade level

Theoretical Framework
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Students’ Academic
Social media usage
Performance

This theoretical framework presents the social media usage as the independent
variable. The interaction of these variables determines the outcome of the students’
academic performance.

Social Media

Social media is a phenomenon that has been developing in a rapid pace.

Different scholars have described it in different way and as Jacka and Scott (2011) said
that there is no single recognized definition of social media. However, Dhiraj (2013)
defined social media as the many relatively inexpensive and widely electronic tools that
enable anyone to publish and access information, collaborate on a common effort, or
build relationships.

Social networking has become an international trend and has spread its reach to
almost every corner of the world. According to a survey conducted in 2014 there were
15.4 million people using Facebook which represented 8.5% of the total population
(Haque, 2014). Today, the social media website containing largest number of subscriber
is Facebook. Facebook is currently boasts over a billion users.

However, with these advancements a major concern arises as is this age of huge
technological development social networking sites are becoming more popular
especially among students.

7
Academic Performance

Academic performance is the dependent variable of our research and is defined

as the performance a student has achieved in his or her academic on the first grading
period. Academic performance at university level is considered up to the mark if the
student has persistently maintained his or her GPA. However, external factors may
affect the student’s academic performance such as social media usage.

Social media and Academic performance

Over the years many studies have been conducted and social media has
depicted both positive as well as negative effect on the academic performance of the
students. There are certain factors that influence the relationship between social media
and academic performance such as how long students use social networking sites?
What time of the day do they use these sites the most? A handful of studies have
discussed the relationship between these variables internationally as well as in
Pakistan. A research was done by Madge et al., (2009) based on the universities in the
U.K. The study showed negative relationship between Facebook and the academic
performance of student. However, the study didn’t focus on which student were using
Facebook and what time of the day they used it the most. Moreover, the sample used
for the study was homogenous thereby restricting their research findings. Whereas
according to Pasek et al., (2009) the use of Facebook has a positive relationship with
academic performance. According to their research the student with higher grades tend
to spend more of their time to Facebook. Furthermore, Paul et al., (2012) suggested
that a negative relationship exist between time spent by student on social media
networking sites and their academic performance.

Academic scholars in Pakistan conducted researches to examine the relationship

between social media and academic performance. A research by Asdaque et al., (2010)
focused on the use of internet and its effects on academic performance. The results
suggested a negative relationship.

8
 However, a study conducted by Bashir et al., (2008) at one of the university in
Pakistan which focused on the internet usage by undergraduates, graduates and post
graduate students. The study analyzed a sample of 300 users and the analysis
assessed the relationship of internet with experience, frequency and places of internet
usage. The results suggested a positive relationship students and internet usage, and
63% of the total students mentioned that they used internet regarding academic related
work only. Nevertheless, this study only focused on internet usage rather than specific
impact of social media on academic performance.

Another study was conducted by Suhail and Bargees (2006) on the effect of
social networking in Pakistan and they used the Internet Effect Scale (IES) for their
study to determine the effect of certain factors consisted of seven dimensions namely:
behavioral problems, educational problems, internet abuse, interpersonal problems,
psychological problems, and positive effects. Their research finding suggested positive
as well as negative aspect of social media. The relationship between time spent on the
internet showed positive relationship and suggested that time spent on internet has
affected students interpersonal, educational, psychological, and physical factors. On the
other hand, the study also recommended that internet can also help students to
enhance their academic performance.

Usage of internet has also been associated with physical and mental health as
well as can have adverse impact on family life. According to Akhtar (2013) excessive
usage of internet can become an addiction especially among students and it can cause
academic problems. The author suggested that internet addiction can cause a fall in
time spent on studies, major drop in grades, low interest in extracurricular activities and
lack of interest in classes. Moreover, internet addiction among children has been
associated with psychological and mental problems such as anxiety, depression and
feeling of loneliness. In certain researches social media has depicted a positive
academic interaction and scholars have supported internet usage among students.

9
 However, adverse impact of social media has outweighed the positive aspects.
First, excessive usage of social media has shown negative impact on students physical,
psychological and family health. Moreover, excessive usage has also been associated
with sleep deprivation, insomnia and chronic illnesses (O’Keefe and Pearson, 2011).

Scope and Limitation

This study will cover the junior and senior students except grade 12 of Bangbang
National High School for their academic performance. The 45 respondents of this
research will be chosen randomly from the different grade level at BNHS. It will only
focus to the impact of social media and the academic performance of the junior and
senior students this school year 2018-2019. This study will be conducted at Bangbang
National High School (BNHS) at Bangbang, Hungduan, Ifugao. Limitation of this study
will be that respondent’s personal issues such as family problem should not be revealed
or affected.

Significance of the Study

Knowing what are the impacts of social media on students’ academic
performance at Bangbang National High School is very important to gain many lessons
about avoiding social media for the students to have a high academic performance and
for them to succeed. Vital results of this investigation could be highly significant and
beneficial especially to the following:

Parents

The findings of the study will be beneficial to parents for them to be aware of the
effect of social media to their children and how this can affect the child positively or
negatively in relation to their academic performance. From the recommendations
provide parents will be encouraged to give advice to their child on how will she or
balance the time between using social media and studying so that they will perform well
academically even they are using social media.

10
 Parents will be inspired also to give disciplinary action to their children about
using gadgets in schools. With this study’s insights, the parents may be able to
understand and help their children regarding their school matters.

Students

This research will also benefit the students, it will help them to know the negative
impacts of using social media for them to realize how dangerous is it in terms of
academic performance and health. Through this study they will change their lifestyle
into healthy for them to achieve a high grade and a healthy body. The result of this
study may benefit the students by allowing them to understand better the factors that
can affect their academic performance. They may be able to improve their academic
performance with the findings that are established by this study.

Teachers

For the teachers, this study may help them to recognize the factors that can
affect their students’ academic performance. They may give disciplinary actions for their
students so that the students can avoid interacting to social media especially during
class hours.

Administrators

For the school administrators, they can gain insights about the things that
cannot improve the students’ academic performance so that they can decide and
implement appropriate actions. In this, it will help the teachers to promote strict
instructions and policies about helping the students to avoid using social media for their
performance to improve. Furthermore, it will serve as a guide to administrators and
education planners when making decisions to suit different cultural environments.

Community

The study would likely to help the community as concern to the

recommendations and implementations that will help changing and inspiring the
students so that they could be better leaders of tomorrow. Finally, when the research is

11
 completed, it may add to available literature and may encourage further research on the
topic.

Chapter 2

Literature Review
The following paragraphs present the history of the studies conducted in relation to
the impacts of social media on students’ academic performance at Bangbang National
High School. It talks about the definition of social media, social networking and their
difference. This includes the popularity of Facebook, the time consumed in social media
and the social media use for students. In addition, some of the positive and negative
effects of social media on students’ academic performance was tackled.

Social media began in the late 1990’s with the first recognized social media
network called “six degrees” in 1997 and this technology enabled people to upload a
profile and make friends. Sorensen et al., (2014), define social media as technologies
that have drawn the attention of varieties of people and they have all become an
important aspect in the lives of the users. Furthermore, social media is a phenomenon
that has been in a rapid pace. However, Drury’s (2008) definition is more
understandable and specific.

He defines social media as online resources that people use to share content such as
video, photos, text, ideas, insight, humor, opinion, gossip, and news. His idea is similar
to the idea of Safko and Brake (2008) about social media.

Safko and Brake further defined social media as activities, practices, and
behaviors among communities of people who gather online to share information,
knowledge, and opinions using conventional media. Conventional media are web-based
applications that make possible for one to create and easily transmit content in form of
words, pictures, videos, and audios. Moreover, Safko and Brake (2008) opinion about
social media include what the people do.

According to Junco et al., (2010), social media are collection of internet website,
services, and practices that support cooperation, community building, participation, and

12
sharing. In addition, it is a way to make connection not only on campus, but with friends
outside of school.

His definition summarized the idea of Drury (2008), Safko and Brake (2008).
However, his idea also includes the things that can be develop through using social
media in terms of personality.

Kaplan and Heinlein (2010) also define social media as a group of internet-
based application that build ideological and technological foundation of web and allow
the creation and exchange of user generated content. Social media is the application
that allows user to converse and interact with each other; to create, edit and share new
forms of textual, visual and audio content, and to categorize, label and recommend
existing forms of content (Selwyn, 2012). The oxford dictionary (2011), also defined
social media as websites and applications used for social networking.

Generally, they defined social media as forms of electronic communication as

website for social networking and microblogging through which users create online
communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content such as
video. That is to say, these social media are regarded as the scientific equipment that
people use to interact and socialize with each other by creating, sharing and
commenting among themselves in different networks.

Social networking is the use of internet to make information about yourself

available to another people especially people you share an internet with to send
message to them. Boyd and Ellison (2007) define social networking sites as web-based
services that allow individual to construct a public or semi-public profile within a
bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share the connection,
view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system.
Furthermore, William et al., (2003) said that social networking are online communities of
internet users who want to communicate with the other users about areas of mutual
interest, whether from a personal business or academic perspective. Moreover, Cain
(2009) says that social networking provide ease of connecting people to one another,
free of cost and after connecting one can post news, informative material and other
things including videos and pictures.

13
 The millions of social networking sites have transformed the thought of global
village into a reality whereby billions of people communicate through social networking
sites (P. Osharives, 2015). All of the idea, opinion, and definition of the different author
have the same point.

Generally, they stated that social networking is an activity that people do in order
to connect or communicate with each other through the use of social media. However,
their differences are on how they express or stated their own opinions in terms of
grammar and some of the definitions are specific while the others are broad.

As cited in Kamnoetsin (2014), there is confusion between the term social media
and social networks; the difference is that networking is subcategory of social media,
but people use two terms interchangeably as they mean the same thing. The difference
between social media and social networking sites is that social media is a broader term,
whereas social networking sites are one category of social media (Davis III et al., 2012).

Facebook was established in February, 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and co-

founders Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes who were students at the Harvard
University in the United States of America. It was started as a Harvard university
campus-wide and student-only social networking system. Facebook now commanded
high popularity and among university students globally (Lubis et al.,2011), apart from
the general public.

According to Pew Research Center (2011) reported that Facebook is one of the
most popular social media used by British students and that in the United States of
America, the use of Facebook is widespread among undergraduate students.
Furthermore, the study on social media conducted at the colleges at the University of
New Hampshire in the United States of America, Martin (2009) stated that, about 96%
of the surveyed students were found as regular Facebook users. Facebook was the
most used social networking channel for the respondents than any other social media
platform according to his study.

14
 Different researchers have conducted research to ascertain the impact of social
media on users, Moon (2011) in his study on “The Impact of Facebook on
Undergraduate Academic Performance,” revealed that social media have negative
impact on students. According to the result, the more students use Facebook, the more
it affects their academic performance. Furthermore, the study of Jamil et al., (2013)
stated that there will be a critical effect of Facebook use on college students’ grades.

On the other hand, Oyetunde (2017), in a study entitled “Influence of

Facebooking and Social Media Use on Academic Performance Among Nigerian
Undergraduate Social Sciences Students,” found out that there was no significant
impact of Facebook use on the performance of the students. According to the result,
there was no difficulty in getting Facebook users listed up straight away for the random
selection performed.

It is noticeable that university students highly embrace the use of Facebook for social
purposes and may increasingly do so for academic needs in the near future provided
that educators include or make use of this platform to reach, communicate with and
instruct learners.

In contrast, the study conducted by Kirschner and Karpinski (2010), as reported

by Alloway et al., (2013), measured the association between the use of Facebook and
Academic Performance. The study showed that students who did not use Facebook had
higher grade point averages than students who used the social media website. One
interesting thing about the study is that it spotlighted the blame put on poor time
management by the Facebook user-participants for poor academic performance.

However, Fano and Pellizzari (2015) using the case of supporting face-to-face
lectures with Facebook pages, found no significant difference between the performance
of Facebook student active users and non-active users.

San Miguel (2009), focused on the relationship between time spent on Facebook
and the academic performance of students. The overall findings indicated that more
time on Facebook equals slightly lower grades. In his study, the average of Facebook
user study is1 to 5 hours per week, while the non-Facebook user would study 11 to 15

15
hours per week. Enriquez (2010), revealed that students who multi-task between social
networking sites and homework were likely have 20% lower grades than a student who
does not have a social networking site. According to the study of Maqableh et al.,
(2015) entitled “The Relationship Between Student’s Grades and Social Media
Networking.”

The study was done for the University of Jordan. The subjects chosen for study
were undergraduate students of the University. The study indicated that most of the
social media network users were females with ages between 20-23 years old. Almost
39% of the students were spending 3 hours per day on Facebook, while 40% of the
students spent 10 hours on social media every week. The results obtained did not
indicate any effect of social media on college student grades or academic
achievements. The authors concluded that the students who spend most of their time of
the week days using social media, must have given time to their studies on weekends in
order to maintain their academic grades.

The study of (Colak, 2014) also aimed at exploring the role and impact of social
media in students’ academic life. According to him, social media utilization has a few
positive effects on students’ life. Social media provides a platform where they can
create their own social life, make their own friends and communicate. Also, students
can improve their relationship with faculty and thus, get better guidance and share their
academic queries in a better way. Furthermore, social media provides a new
mechanism for familiar exercise. It provides students a direct medium by which to
publicly evaluate and comment on their campus environments, institutional policies,
classes, professors, administration and fellow students in real-time (Gurcan, 2015). In
addition, the use of social media has educational benefits.

Selwyn (2012) agreed that learning now is more based around the principles of
collective exploration and innovation rather than individualized instruction and that
social media have benefits in this regard. The availability of social media tools
encourages students to engages with each other, collaborate and share resources for
education purposes. Students’ academic life has moved to a different dimension since
the introduction of these social media networks and several studies have affirmed that

16
social media plays an important role on students in higher education including the study
conducted by Wheeler et al., (2008) and Ortia et al., (2009). In their study, they
recognized four major advantages of social media usage by students in higher
education which included; enhancing relationship, improving learning motivation,
offering personalized course material, and developing collaborative abilities.

Indeed, social media has contributed greatly to facilitating learning in the 21 st

century. It is shown that a greater percentage of students including those at the PhD
level commonly use social media to ameliorate their studies (Khan, 2010).

The study conducted by Jain et al., (2012), titled “The Impact of Social
Networking in Promoting Education” revealed that student’s benefits from chatting with
other students, teachers, and external sources to acquire knowledge. Also, Yunus and
Salehi (2012), argued in the same direction that students gained more vocabulary,
improve their writing skills and reduced their spelling mistakes through social media
usage.

In fact, as an educational tool, social media enriches learning by giving both

students and teachers the opportunity to connect in new and very exciting ways thereby
encouraging flexible mode of learning. It is stated that flexible learning expands the
choice on what, when and how people learn. It supports different styles of learning
including E-learning which is highly patronized across the globe (Pappas,2013). Other
scholars; O’Keeffe and Clake-pearson (2011), in their study also revealed that social
media benefits students by connecting them to one another on assignments and class
projects. It is further buttressed in the study of Esteban (2013) and Selwyn (2007),
whose conclusion were that social media undoubtedly generate new opportunities to
engage students in higher education as they are remarkably effective at connecting
people and facilitating the exchange of information.

Moreover, Shankar et al., (2010), argued in their study that social networks
distract the attention and concentration of the students toward learning and converts it
towards non educational activities such as useless and unnecessary chatting.
Furthermore, Davies and Cranston (2008), enumerated some of the risks associated
with social media which included criminal activities such as identity theft and fake

17
contacts which is prevalent today, sexual abuse or harassment and unsuitable
advertising. On the same subject O’Keeffe and Clake-pearson (2011), also mentioned
cyberbullying, online harassment, sexting, face book depression, and privacy concerns
as some of the challenges associated with social networking.

Privacy concern that everyone involved in social networking is faced with. The
rate at which people post or share fake information calls for alarm and it is difficult to
ascertain that, what people say and post are truly who they are. Individuals’ private
information are publicly displayed on some of this social networks and malicious people
take advantage and perpetrate all kinds of harassment. It is also argued that the privacy
option offered by most social networking sites do not provide users with the flexibility
needed to handle conflicts with individuals who have different conceptions of privacy
(Preibush et al., 2007). Aside of these effects, other studies conducted by scholars have
also proved that social media can be detrimental to students’ academic life if caution is
not taken in its usage.

Furthermore, the study conducted by Obi et al., (2012), titled “The Need for
Safety Consciousness Among Youths on Social Networking Sites” concluded that social
media affects students with the use of English. They use short-handwriting when
chatting with friends and unconsciously get used to it thereby replicating same errors
during examinations. In addition, Manan et at., (2012) pointed out that engaging with
social media may also increase the usage of English poor quality because students
tend to use non-standard English when interacting with each other. In general, social
media have positive effects when people use it but it has also negative impacts in terms
of education, health, communication, and friendship.

There are many reasons why students use social media. Nyland (2007) identified
the five motives of using social media as meeting new people, entertainment,
maintaining relationships, social events and media creation. These motives are
common among engagement of university students who use social media as findings of
some studies show. In addition, a study by Hinson (2011) revealed that postgraduate
students of the University of Ghana’s social use of the internet include sending and

18
receiving email, socializing through social media, chatting, and making new friends.
Another study carried out in the University of Education, Winneba (2013) identified that
students use social media for connecting with old friends and family members, finding
new friends, obtaining or sharing learning materials, receiving update of events, posting
information and whiling away time.

Furthermore, a study by Omekwu et al., (2014) aim to find out the different
categories of social media sites Undergraduate students of University of Nigeria,
Nsukka use, to find out the extent to which they use it, to examine why they use social
media, to find out what gratification they get from using it, to find the risks involved in
social networking and to offer solutions to deal with such risks.

The researcher surveyed a sample of 150 undergraduate and data was collected
using a questionnaire. Respondents were selected using the simple random sampling
technique. Findings of the study revealed that almost all student use social media to
interact with friends, connect with their classmates for studies online, for discussing
national issues and entertainment.

Generally, their findings are similar to each other they found out that social media
are being used by the students for building relationships, communication in terms of
personal and educational purposes and for spending time.

19
 Chapter 3

Design and Methodology

This chapter represents the methods used in gathering and analyzing the data. It
covers the following aspects: research design, population and locale, data gathering
tool or instrument, data gathering procedure and treatment of data.

Research Design
In this study, the researcher used descriptive-correlational design. It aims to
study existing relationships, prevailing practices, beliefs and attitudes held, processes,
and effect of developing trends. This design is a purposive process for the investigators
to gather information about the present condition, as they existed at the same time of
the study (Edralin, 2002).

Furthermore, the researcher also used correlation research design at the same
time because of the objective of this study in which it examined the relationship between
the social media usage and the students’ academic performance. Correlation research
design is a method to discover relationships among variables. Applying this design will
not take a long period of time.

Population and Locale

The respondents of the study were the junior high and senior high students of
Bangbang National High School (BNHS) who has an account in any social media in this
school year 2018-2019. There are 45 students who was chosen randomly as
respondents in the different grade level except the grade 12 students. The researchers
chose grade 7 to grade 11 as the respondents because the researchers believe that

20
they can provide the answers for the reason that they belong to the generation where
technologies exist such as computers, cellphones and many more.

This study was conducted at BNHS at Bangbang Hungduan Ifugao. The

researchers conducted the study at this school because this is where they are studying
and it is near to their homes. The respondents belong to the different barangays such
as Abatan, Baang, Bangbang, Bokiawan, Hapao, Maggok, Lubu-ong, Nunggulunan,
and Poblacion. All of these barangays belong to the municipality of Hungduan.

This study used purposive sampling in choosing the respondents. Purposive

sampling also referred to as a judgmental sample, is a type of nonprobability sample.
The main objective of purposive sampling is to produce a sample that can logically
assumed to be representative of population (P. Lavrakas,2008).

Data Gathering Tool/Instrument

For this study, data was collected through questionnaires made up of 18
questions in two sections; A, and B where Section A covered question under General
information of respondents, while Section B covered question under the level of
academic performance. The questionnaire was answered by the respondents regarding
their academic performance during the first grading period in the school year 2018-2019
and their usage of social media. Section B of the questionnaire was answered using a
scale: 0= Not Applicable, 1= Seldom, 2= Sometimes, 3= Frequently, 4= Often, and
5=Always.

To find the level of the social media users at Bangbang National High school
among students. The researchers summed up and total the score for each respondent
and they identified according to the range of points in which they fall. Scores were range
between: 0-25 points (None), 26-50 points (Mild), 51-75 points (Moderate), 76-100
points (severe).

Data Gathering Procedure

For this study, the researchers coordinated to the subject teachers of the
respondents from different grade level for them to answer the questionnaire that was

21
given to them. Furthermore, the researchers went to the respective classroom of the
respondents and gave the questionnaires one by one to gather information about the
impact of social media on students’ academic performance at Bangbang National High
School. The researchers prepared the questionnaire in advance that served as the tool
to collect information. Lastly, the researchers translated the questions in their own
dialect “Tuwali” if the respondents can’t understand.

Treatment of Data
Pearson-r

This is used to determine the significant relationship between the dependent and
independent variables that are to be taken from the respondents.

T-Test

This is used to determine the significant difference of the students’ academic

performance who are users of social media. It is also used in determining the difference
between each respondent in terms of their gender and grade level.

Standard Deviation

This is used to analyze and determine the academic performance of the

respondent from different grade level.

Mean

This is used to analyze and determine the academic performance of the

respondent from different grade level also.

22
 Chapter 4

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the findings of the data collected from 45 students of
Bangbang National High School to find out the impact of social media to their academic
performance and to test their level as a user. A 18 item questionnaire was administered
to the respondents and a 100% response rate was achieved. Using frequency tables
and charts, the research questions of the study have been discussed below in detail.

Figure 1: Social media respondents mostly use

Mostly Used Social Media

6% Facebook
WhatsApp
24% Instagram
YouTube
Others

70%

Figure 1. above shows the various social media sites that students mostly used. The

23
question given was an open ended and respondents were allowed to choose as many
as applied which resulted in the total number of respondents being more than the

by YouTube which has 24% of the respondents using it. Findings show that all
respondents were not using Instagram and WhatsApp. The remaining 6% of
respondents mentioned that they used other social media platforms which were not
included in the list to be chosen from and this social media is the Watt pad.

This pie graph shows that most of the student in Bangbang National High
School are Facebook users and some of them are multimedia user because of the total
of the social media being used by the students is higher than the number of the
respondents. Therefore, some students in BNHS are using 2 or more social media at
the same time.

Figure 2: Average time spent on studying per day

Time Spent on Studying

50%
44%
45%
40% 36%
35%
30%
25% 20%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1 to 5 minutes 6 to 30 minutes More than 30 minutes
Figure 2 shows the time respondents spend on studying daily. A majority of the students
(44%) said they spent 6 to 30 minutes on studying a day, other respondents (36%) said
they spent more than 30 minutes studying daily, while the other remaining 20% said
they spent less than 5 minutes studying a day. This finding shows that the reading skills
of the students in BNHS is poor because if you will compare the time spent on social
media versus the time spent on studying it is almost the same. However, the
percentage of the respondents who spent more time on social media is higher than the

24
respondents who spent time on studying. This implies that the students of BNHS spent
more their time on social media than on studying.

Figure 3: Average time spent on social media daily

Time Spent on Social Media

More than 30 minutes 24%

11 to 30 minutes 49%

1 to 10 minutes 27%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Figure 3 shows the time respondents spend on social media daily. A majority
of the respondents (49%) said they spent 11 to 30 minutes on social media per day.
Other respondents (27%) said they spent 1 to 10 minutes on social media daily. Another
24% of the respondents also said they spent more than 30 minutes on social media
daily. As reviewed in the related literature earlier, a study of San Miguel (2009),
identified time spent using social media as one of the dimensions of getting a low
academic performance. This implies that, the more time spent using social media, the
higher probability for getting a lower academic performance. As the result have shown
that most of the BNHS students spent 11 to 30 minutes daily on social media. With this

Figure 4: Level of academic performance

25
 Level of Academic Performance

Outstanding 5%

Very Satisfactory 33%

Satisfactory 43%

Fairly Satisfactory 19%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

Figure 4 shows the level of the academic performance of the respondents of

BNHS that most of their academic performance is satisfactory, wherein it shows that
24% of the respondents are outstanding, 31% are very satisfactory, 33% are
satisfactory and 11% of them are fairly satisfactory.

Figure 5: Level of the social media user

26
Scores for each respondents’ answers to the 10 items in the questionnaire were
summed up and grouped in a range of points. The scores were ranged as follow: 0-25:
None; 26-50: Mild; 51-75: Moderate; 76-100: Severe. The percentage for each group
was calculated and the results are represented in the chart below.

Level of Social Media Users

Moderate
2%

Mild
31%

None
67%

None Mild Moderate Severe

Figure 5 shows that level of the social media users. Although all respondents
sampled for this study use social media, not all of them are addicted to social media.
The survey revealed that 67% of the respondents obtained scores below any of the
levels of addiction and can therefore not addicted to social media. Most of the students
obtained scores that placed them at none level of social media user while 30% obtained
scores that fall within the mildly level which means they are an average online user.
They may surf the Web a bit too long at times, but they have control over their usage.
Only one of the respondents can be said to be moderately social media user after
scoring 51 points which falls within the moderate level which means he/she is
experiencing occasional or frequent problems because of the Internet.

He/she should consider their full impact on her/his life. None of the respondents
fall into the severe level of social media user. This finding confirms the level of social
media user of BNHS although it is not at an alarming level. Most of the students in

27
BNHS are social media user but their level as a social media user it was none. This
implies that the students in BNHS are not addict to social media.

Figure 6: Significant relationship between academic performance and social media

usage
Variables xy x^2 y^2 r tcv df ttv
Social 974 83 053 24 824 333 -0.39 -2.77 43 2.021
media 947
usage
Academic 3871
performance

The results of the analysis show that there is no significant relationship between
the social media usage and academic performance of the students in BNHS which it
accepted the null hypothesis while it rejected the alternative hypothesis.

CONCLUSION
The study shown that students of Bangbang National High School are active
users of social media. The findings revealed that the most popular social platform used

28
by students of BNHS is Facebook with almost all respondents using it. It also showed
that the students in BNHS have a poor reading skill because most of their studying time
is just 6 to 30 minutes a day. The time spent by the students in BNHS on social media is
11 to 30 minutes daily. This implies that most of the students in BNHS are not addicted
to social media. Importantly, the study confirmed the level of the social media user
among students at BNHS. It revealed that most of them are none users.

Al-Menayes (2015) found in his study that students with higher level as a social
media user have poorer academic records than those who are either moderately
addicted or not addicted. Findings show there is relatively low addiction to social media
among students of Bangbang National High School, hence, it can be deduced that
excessive social media use does affect academic performance. Although addiction to
social media is not yet at an optimal level at among students, like all other addictions
negatively affect aspects of life, this could be a cause for concern and attention must
therefore be given to the phenomenon so as to prevent a negative impact on students’
performance. According to the survey the level of academic performance of the
students at BNHS is satisfactory. The study set out to establish a correlation between
social media usage and academic performance. The finding revealed that there is no
significant relationship between social media usage and academic performance.

The study also found out that there is a significant difference between the
academic performance and the social media user when they are group according to
gender and grade level. For gender the academic performance of the female students in
BNHS is higher than the academic performance of the male students. With this the
female students at BNHS are more academically than the male students. For the grade
level most of the grade 10 students at BNHS has an academic performance of
outstanding and this implies that the grade 10 students at BNHS is more academically
than the other grade level.

APPENDICES
Dear respondents,

29
Greetings!
We, the grade 12 students of Bangbang National High School, who are currently
conducting a research study entitled “The Impact of Social Media on Students’
Academic Performance at Bangbang National High School” aiming to know the impact
of social media on students’ academic performance.

These questions will be our instrument in collecting data needed for the study. Your
responses will be the researcher’s main basis in answering the problem being studied.
We assure that all of your answer will be treated with confidentiality.
Thank you!!!

Truly yours,

Cherry Ann N. Puguon

Cony D. Dumangeng

Miller C. Atang

Ariel L. Balluguing

Jordan H. Gano

Sylvester G. Munaing

Questionnaire:
Instruction: Please answer the questions honestly. Put a check mark on the
appropriate answers according to your ideas.
SECTION A: GENERAL INFORMATION

30
 1)Gender: ( )Male ( )Female
2) Grade Level: ( )7 ( )8 ( )9 ( )10 ( )11
3)Which forms of social media do you use the most?
( )Facebook ( )WhatsApp ( )Instagram ( )YouTube
( ) If other, please specify:_____________________
4) How many hours do you spend studying per day?
( )Less than one hour ( )2-5 ( )More than 5 hours
5)How many hours do you spend on social media daily?
( )Less than one hour ( )2-5 ( )More than 5 hours
SECTION B: LEVEL OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
1. What is your average grade in the previous first grading this school year 2018-2019?
Below 75 ( ) 75-79 ( ) 80-84 ( ) 85-89 ( ) 90-94 ( ) 95-99 ( )
SECTION C: LEVEL OF SOCIAL MEDIA USERS
Questions Not Seldom Some- Fre- Often Always
Applicable times quently
1.How often do you find
that you stay online
longer than you
intended?
2.How often do neglect
household to spend more
time online?
3.How often do you
spend more time online
than you spend for your
studies?
4.How often do you
check your account
before something else
that you need to do?
5.How often does your
academic performance
get low because of social
media usage?
6.How often do you fear
that life without social
media would be boring?
7.How often do you lose
sleep due to late night

31
log-ins?
8.How often do you find
yourself saying “just a
few more minutes” when
online?
9.How often do you
choose to spend more
time online over going out
with others?
10.How often do you use
social media for
educational purposes
only?
11.How often do you
sleep at school during
class hours because of
social media usage?
12.How often you feel
dizzy because of too
much time spending
online?

After all the questions have been answered, add the numbers for each response to
obtain a final score. The higher the score, the greater the level of addiction and creation
of problems resultant from such Internet usage. The severity impairment index is as
follows:

NONE 0 – 25 points

MILD 26- 50 points: You are an average online user. You may surf the Web a bit too
long at times, but you have control over your usage.

MODERATE 51-75 points: You are experiencing occasional or frequent problems

because of the Internet. You should consider their full impact on your life.

SEVERE 76 – 100 points: Your Internet usage is causing significant problems in your
life. You should evaluate the impact of the Internet on your life and address the
problems directly caused by your Internet usage.

References

A. Adebiyi (2015) “Social Networking and Students Academic Performance; the Role

32
 of Attention Deficit, Predictors of Behavior and Academic Competence.”
Retrieved from: htttps://www. eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng

Al-Rahmi (2017)., “Social Media and its Impact on Academic Performance

Among University Students.” Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com

Amin. et. al (April 2016). “Impact of Social Media of Students Academic Performance.’’

Retrieved from: https://www.ijbmi.org

M. Bouchiki (2016). “The Impact of Social Media on Students’ Academic Writing in

Department of English at Tlemcen University. Retrieved from:

https://www.dspace.uni-tlemcen.dz

H. Hasnain et.al. (August ,2015) “Impact of Social Media Usage on Academic

Performance of University Students.” Retrieved from; https://www.rme.kuis

Dr. ZL. Jansen. (February, 2017). “Influence of Facebooking and Social Media Use on

Academic Performance Among Nigerian Undergraduate Social Sciences

Students.” Retrieved from: https://www.uir.unisa.ac.za

Dr. K.ES. (2016)., “The Effect of Social Media Networking on Students’ Academic

Performance.” Retrieved from: https://www.digital commons.unl.edu

BJ Kolan (2018)., “Effect of Social Media on Academic Performance of Students in

Ghanaian.” Retrieved from: https://www.digital commons.unl.edu

E. MWADIME., (October 2015). “An Investigation on the Impact of Online Social

Networking on Academic Performance Among High School Students in Urban

Areas: A Case Study of Westland’s Sub-Country, Nairobi.” Retrieved from:
https://www.journalism.vonbi.ac.ke

O. peter (January 2015). “Social Media and Academic Performance of Students in

33
 University of Lagos.”

Retrieved from:https//www.researchgate.net/publication/273765340

Dr.M. Tezer (2017). “The Impact of Using Media on Academic Achievement and

Attitudes of Prospective Teachers.’’ Retrieved from: https://www.scindeks-

clanci.ceon.rs

HL Young (2003)., “Effects of Social Network on Students Performance.”

Retrieved from:https://www.pdfs.semanticscholar.org

34