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Support Classes - Week 8 - For Students

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13 views1 page

Support Classes - Week 8 - For Students

Uploaded by

maxmastertonuk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MA270 - Analysis 3

Support Class - Week 8

Course material can be found on the Moodle page of the course, including lecture notes.
Material covered in week 7:
We finished Chapter 5 and have covered Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.7, and 6.6 (without proofs).

Questions/topics for discussion:

1. Fix a vector v ∈ Rn and define a linear functional Λ : Rn → R by Λx := v · x. Prove that


kΛkop = kvk.

2. Show that if A ∈ GL(n, R) and kA−1 kop = µ, then kAxk > µ1 kxk ∀ x ∈ Rn .

3. Recall that f : U → Rk is differentiable at x ∈ U if ∃ A ∈ L(Rn , Rk ) such that

kf (x + h) − f (x) − Ahk
lim = 0. (1)
h→0 khk

Prove that the linear map A in (1), if it exists, is unique.

4. Define f : R2 → R by

x2 y
f (x, y) := , if (x, y) 6= (0, 0), f (0, 0) = 0.
x6 + y2

(a) Show that ∂(a,b) f (0, 0) exists for all (a, b) ∈ R2 \ {(0.0)}. (You need to be careful when
b = 0.)
(b) Show that, for v = (a, b) such that ab 6= 0, ∂v f (0, 0) 6= v · ∇f (0, 0).
(c) Calculate fx (x, y) and fy (x, y) at points (x, y) 6= (0, 0).
(d) Verify that fx (x, y) is unbounded on Bδ , no matter how small δ > 0 is chosen.1
Hint. Find a continuous function ϕ(x) such that ϕ(0) = 0 and fx (x, ϕ(x)) is unbounded as
x → 0.
(e) Verify that f (x, y) is also unbounded on Bδ , no matter how small δ > 0 is chosen.
(f) Give two substantially different reasons that demonstrate that f is not differentiable at
(0, 0).

5. Suppose that f : Rn → R and r : (a, b) → Rn are continuously differentiable and that r solves
the system of ODEs
d
r(t) = −∇f (r(t)), t ∈ (a, b). (2)
dt
Prove that if [α, β] ⊂ (a, b), then f (r(α)) > f (r(β)) with equality if, and only if, ∇f (r(α)) = 0
and r(t) = r(α) ∀ t ∈ [α, β].

1
Bδ is the open ball of radius δ centred at the origin.

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