2021

TOURNAMENT
Division 678

Table of Contents

Individual Event: Problems ..................................................................................................... 1

Individual Event: Student Answer Sheet .............................................................................. 2

Team Event: Problems ............................................................................................................................. 3

Team Event: Team’s Answer Sheet....................................................................................................... 4

Scoring Room Key .................................................................................................................................... 5

Individual Event: Model Solutions ....................................................................................................... 6

Team Event: Model Solutions ................................................................................................................ 7

Tiebreakers (Student Sheets) ................................................................................................................ 9

Tiebreakers: Problems and Model Solutions ................................................................................... 14

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Use your Logo/Heading to personalize your Tournament.

2021 Individual Event

No calculators, cell phones, or tablets are permitted during this tournament.
Time Limit: 30 minutes.

3
1. Compute the simplified decimal value of  0.3 0.2
4

2. Fully simplify the product:

           
1  1 1  1 1  1   1  1 1  1 1  1 
 

1   

2   3
  
 
2019   
 
2020   

2021 


6 2 3 1
3. MOEMS was founded in 1979. Evaluate the expression: (1.979 ) × (1.979 ) × (1.979 )
4. How many whole numbers are greater than 2.3  102, but also less than 3.01  102?

5. Let Floor(x) represent the greatest integer which is less than or equal to x. Simplify Floor(-4.2)  Floor(2.7).
[For example, Floor(6.78)  6, and Floor(23)  23.]
M A
6. Nine congruent rectangles are arranged to form Rectangle MATH
as shown. If the perimeter of Rectangle MATH  138 inches,
find the number of square inches in the area of Rectangle MATH. H T

7. A car travels 143 miles in exactly 3 hours and 40 minutes. The average speed of the car is N miles per hour.
Find N in simplest form.

8. At the Pascal School, exactly 5.2% of the 8th graders joined the tennis team. What is the least number of 8th
graders at the Pascal school?

9. Find the number of degrees in ÐABC of right DABC if the coordinates of points A, B, and C are:
A(1,7), B(-2,-2), and C(4,1).

B
10. Given DABC with point D on side AB and point E on side BC.
In particular, D is 2/3 of the way from A to B, and E is 2/3 of the D E
way from C to B, as shown. If the area of DDBE  12 square units,
find the number of units in the area of DABC. C
A

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 Use your Logo/Heading to personalize your Tournament.

find the number of square units in the area of DABC.

Do not write in this space.

Student Name: __________________________________________________

School & Team: _________________________________ Team # __________

SCORE

2021 Individual Event: ANSWERS

Write only the answers clearly. Each correct answer will receive one point.

1. _____________________________

2. _______________ _ ______ _

3. ____________ ____ _______

4. ____________ ____ _______

5. _________________ _ ____

6. ____ ________

7. __ ___________________________

8. _______ ______________

9. _______ ______________

10. ___________ _____

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 Use your Logo/Heading to personalize your Tournament.

2021 Team Event

No calculators, cell phones, or tablets are permitted during this Tournament.
Time Limit: 20 minutes.

1 1
11. Express + as a single fraction in lowest terms.
25 144

12. MOEMS was founded 42 years ago in 1979. Compute the simplified value of the positive difference between the
1979 1979
expressions: − 42 and + 1979 .
2021 2021
0.1 0.1 1 1
13. Compute the average (arithmetic mean) of the real numbers: , , , and
5 0.5 5 0.5

14. What is the least possible quotient when two distinct integers from the set {−5, −3, −2, 0, +1, +6, +18}
are divided?

15. Each figure in the sequence shown is composed entirely

of shaded 1 x 1 squares. If the pattern is continued, how ···
many total shaded 1 x 1 squares will there be
altogether in the first 21 figures?

16. Henry adds the lengths of three of the four sides of a rectangle and gets 18 inches. Doris adds the lengths of three of the four
sides of the same rectangle and gets 21 inches. How many square inches are in the area of the rectangle?

17. What is the greatest number of consecutive integers that sum to -24?
A
18. Andy the Ant travels along the surface of a 1–inch x 1–inch x 1– inch
sugar cube. To the nearest tenth of an inch, what is the shortest distance
of the path when Andy the Ant travels from vertex A to vertex B?

19. There are three 2–digit whole numbers that can be expressed as the sum B
of the square of a positive integer and the cube of a positive integer in exactly
two ways. For example: 17  42  13 and 17  32  23. Find the other two 2-digit whole
numbers with this property.
B
20. Given DABC with points P, Q, and R on side AB,
and points S, T, and U on side BC, such that lengths R S
BR  RQ  QP  PA and lengths BS  ST  TU  UC. Q T
If the area of DABC is 48 square units, find the number
P U
of square units in the area of shaded quadrilateral QRST.
A C

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 Use your Logo/Heading to personalize your Tournament.

Do not write in this space.

School & Team: _________________________________Team # __________

Student Names: _________________________________________________

SCORE
_________________________________________________

2021 Team Event: ANSWERS

Write only the answers clearly. Each correct answer will receive one point.

11. ____________ ____ _______

12. ____________ ____ _______

13. ____________ ____ _______

14. ____________ ____ _______

15. _________________ _ ____

16. ____________ ____ _______

17. ____________ ____ _______

18. _______ ______________

19. _______ ______________

20. ____________ ____ _______

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 SCORING ROOM KEY
2021 Tournament
Answers: INDIVIDUAL EVENT Answers: TEAM EVENT

1. 0.9 11. 13/60

2. 2022 12. 2021

3. 1.979 13. 0.605

4. 70 14. –9

5. –3 15. 441

6. 1134 16. 40

7. 39 17. 48

8. 250 18. 2.2

9. 45 19. 65 and 89

10. 108 20. 9

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 2021 Individual Event SOLUTIONS
ANSWERS: (1) 0.9 (2) 2022 (3) 1.979 (4) 70 (5) –3
(6) 1134 (7) 39 (8) 250 (9) 45 (10) 108

3
1.  0.3 0.2  0.75  0.06  0.81  0.9
4

 2   3   4     
        2020   2021   2022  2022
2.  1         2022
   2   3   2019   2020   2021 
 1

6 2 3 1 6 6
3. (1.979 ) × (1.979 ) × (1.979 ) = (1.979 ) = 1.979

4. 2.3  102  230 and 3.01  102  301. 231 £ N £ 300, inclusive. 300 - 231  1  70.

5. Floor(- 4.2)  - 5 [the greatest integer just to the left of -4.2 on the number line] and Floor(2.7)  2.
Therefore, (- 5)  2  - 3. 2L
M A
6. Use W and L for the width and length of each smaller congruent
rectangle, respectively. From the diagram: WL WL

2L  7W and 9W  4L  138. Solving, we obtain:

H T
W  6, and L  21  Area  7W(W  L)  42  27  1134 square units. 7W

2
7. Express 3 hours 40 minutes as 3 hours.
3
143 miles 143 miles 3
Rate = = 143 × mph =
= 39 mph .
13 × 3 mph =
2 11 11
3 hours hours
3 3

5.2 52 4 × 13 13
8. 5.2%
= = = = . Since we can only have a whole number of 8th graders, the 8th grade
100 1000 4 × 250 250
must have 250 students [at least] and 13 tennis players.

9. Draw on coordinate system. D ACB is an isosceles right triangle, with right angle at C. Therefore, ÐB  45°.

10. D DBE is similar to D ABC, since corresponding angles B

are congruent [equal in measure]. Therefore, corresponding sides are
in proportion. The ratio of similitude [proportion] is 1:3. The base D E
and height of the larger triangle are each 3 times the base
and height of the smaller similar triangle. From the area of a triangle
formula, the area of D ABC is 9 times the area of D DBE. A C
Area D ABC  9  12  108 square units.

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 2021 Team Event SOLUTIONS
ANSWERS: (11) 13/60 (12) 2021 (13) 0.605 (14) –9 (15) 441
(16) 40 (17) 48 (18) 2.2 (19) 65 & 89 (20) 9

1 1 144 + 25 169 13 13
11. + = = = =
25 144 25 × 144 25 × 144 5 × 12 60

12. The positive difference yields the subtraction below. “Honor” the parentheses.

1979  1979  1979 1979

+ 1979 −  − 42 = + 1979 − + 42= 1979 + 42= 2021
2021  2021  2021 2021

13. Approach 1: using decimal form..

0.1 0.1 1 1 0.02 + 0.2 + 0.2 + 2 2.42
= 0.02,
= 0.2, = 2  Mean 
= 0.2, and = = 0.605
5 0.5 5 0.5 4 4
Approach 2: using fractions with like denominators…
1 10 10 100 121
+ + +
0.1 1 0.1 10 1 10 1 100 50 50 50 50 121
= ,
= = , , and
=  Mean  = 50
= = 0.605
5 50 0.5 50 5 50 0.5 50 4 4 200

14. Choose the numerator with greatest absolute value, and the denominator with least absolute value (but
with different signs, since any negative is less than any positive number).
+18
Therefore, the required minimum quotient is = −9
−2

15. The number of shaded 1 x 1 squares is given by the sequence: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, … , 41, …

The nth term contains (2n - 1) shaded 1 x 1 squares, so the 21st term has 2  21 - 1  41 shaded 1 x 1
42 × 21
squares. Using Gauss’ Rule 1 + 3 + 5 +  + 37 + 39 + 41 = = 21 × 21 = 441
2

16. Let W and L be the width and length of the rectangle. From Henry’s and Doris’ statements, we have the
two equations: 2W  L  18 and 2L  W  21. Adding the equations yields the single equation 3L 
3W  39  L  W  13. After substituting into one of the original equations and solving, we find L  8
and W  5  area of the rectangle  40 square units.

17. Consider the consecutive integers: -24, -23, -22, … ,-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, … , 22, 23.
Their sum is -24. The list contains 48 consecutive integers.

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 A
18. Unfold the cube. A partial view of the two unshaded faces
d
is illustrated. The dashed line segment is the shortest path. From the
2
Pythagorean Theorem: 12  22  d2 = d = 5 2.236079 ⇒ d  2.2
B
1

Squares
19. From the chart, each of 65 and 89, and no other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81
whole numbers other than 17, appear twice.
1 1 2 5 10 17 26 37 50 65 82
82 + 13 and 65 =
65 = 12 + 43

Cubes
2 8 9 12 17 24 33 44 57 72 89

2 3 2 3 3 27 28 31 36 43 52 63 76 91
89 =
9 + 2 and 89 =
5 +4 4 64 65 68 73 80 89

20. Area quadrilateral QRST  area DQBT - area DRBS. Using the similar triangle approach found in
Individual problem #10; DRBS is similar to DABC with ratio of similitude of sides 1:4, and DQBT is
similar to DABC with ratio of similitude of sides 1:2. Therefore, the ratio of the areas of DRBS:DABC 
2 2
1 1 1 1
  = and the ratio of the areas of DQBT:DABC    = .The actual numeric area, using [**],
4 16 2 4
1 1
area quadrilateral QRST  × 48 − × 48 = 12 − 3 = 9 .
4 16
**A really cool way is pictorial. [Similar to Approach 2 from Individual #10]
3 3
The required area is seen to be of the area of DABC  × 48 =
9
16 16

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 TIEBREAKER # 1
Time Limit: 5 minutes.
No calculators permitted.

Name: _____________________________________________ Team: _________________________

A circle and a regular hexagon are drawn on the same canvas. What is the greatest
number of points they can have in common?

ANSWER: ____________

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 TIEBREAKER # 2
Time Limit: 5 minutes.
No calculators permitted.

Name: _____________________________________________ Team: _________________________

Figure ABCDEF is composed entirely B C(5,2.1)

of straight line segments meeting at right angles. D
E(6,2)

Using the coordinates of the selected vertices,

A(3,1.6) F
find the perimeter of ABCDEF.

ANSWER: ____________

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 TIEBREAKER # 3
Time Limit: 5 minutes.
No calculators permitted.

Name: _____________________________________________ Team: _________________________

A letter carrier delivers mail to a building with 12 mailboxes. If the letter carrier
places the letters in the correct mailbox, what is the fewest number of letters the
mail carrier needs to deliver to be certain that at least one mailbox receives 4
letters?

ANSWER: ____________

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 TIEBREAKER # 4
Time Limit: 5 minutes.
No calculators permitted.

Name: _____________________________________________ Team: _________________________

The speed of sound at sea level is approximately 720 mph. To the nearest tenth of
a mile, how far will sound travel in 8 seconds?

ANSWER: ____________

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 TIEBREAKER # 5
Time Limit: 5 minutes.
No calculators permitted.

Name: _____________________________________________ Team: _________________________

4 1 3
How many whole numbers N satisfy the inequality:   ?
95 N 50

ANSWER: ____________

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 2021 TIEBREAKERS
Questions are given one at a time. Winning places are awarded in the order that correct answers are
submitted. Incorrect answers result in elimination. No calculators permitted during this Tournament.
Time Limit: 5 minutes per question.

T1. A circle and a regular hexagon are drawn on the same canvas. What is the greatest number of
points they can have in common?
B C(5,2.1)
T2. Figure ABCDEF is composed entirely of straight-line segments E(6,2)
D
meeting at right angles. Using the coordinates of the selected
vertices, find the perimeter of ABCDEF. A(3,1.6 F

T3. A letter carrier delivers mail to a building with 12 mailboxes. If the letter carrier places the letters
in the correct mailbox, what is the fewest number of letters the mail carrier needs to deliver to be
certain that at least one mailbox receives 4 letters?

T4. The speed of sound at sea level is approximately 720 mph. To the nearest tenth of a mile, how far
will sound travel in 8 seconds?
4 1 3
T5. How many whole numbers N satisfy the inequality:   ?
95 N 50

2021 TIEBREAKER SOLUTIONS

ANSWERS: (T1) 12 (T2) 7 (T3) 37 (T4) 1.6 (T5) 7

T1. A circle can intersect a line segment in at most 2 places. Due to

symmetry, a “good” guess would be 12, which is shown in the scaled diagram.

B C(5,2.1)
T2. The rectangle is 3 units wide and 0.5 0.5 units D E(6,2)
units high. Perimeter  7 units.
A(3,1.6) 3 units wide F

T3. To be absolutely certain, it is possible that each of the 12 mailboxes receives 3 letters before any single
mailbox receives a 4th letter. Therefore, 3 letters each  12 mailboxes  1 extra  37.

720 mph 12 1
T4. = 12
= miles / min miles
= / second miles / second . In 8 seconds, sound would travel
60 min 60 5
1 8
8 second × miles / second = miles or 1.6 miles .
5 5

T5. Taking reciprocals and reversing the direction of the inequality symbols yields:

95 50 50 95 2 3
N  N  16  N  23 .
4 3 3 4 3 4

There are 7 whole numbers [17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23] in the indicated interval.
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