Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh

Subject: Heat Transfer (ME1053) Assignment No.: 1

Instructor(s): Prof. S.K. Soni/ Dr. M.P.Garg Semester:24251
Topic: Conduction Date of Submission: 26.08.2024

1 a) How do the thermal conductivity of liquids and gases vary with temperature?
b) Why are the convection and the radiation resistances at a surface in parallel?
c) What are different boundary & initial conditions applied in heat transfer problem?
d) Explain critical radius of insulation and derive the expression for a insulted wire.
2 The large furnace wall consists of 250mm thick common brick layer (k =0.65W/m.K),
lines on inside with 300mm thick layer of magnesite bricks (k =11.5W/m.K). The
inner side of the furnace is exposed to hot gases at 1400 oC with convective heat
transfer coefficient of 17.5 W/m2K. The temperature of surrounding air is 30 oC with
convective heat transfer coefficient of 7.5 W/m2K.
i. Rate of heat transfer through the wall per unit area.
ii. Maximum temperature to which the common brick is subjected.
3 The large furnace wall consists of 250mm thick common brick layer (k =0.65W/m.K), [Ans: 2808
lines on inside with 300mm thick layer of magnesite bricks (k =11.5W/m.K). The W/m2]
inner side of the furnace is exposed to hot gases at 1400 oC with convective heat
transfer coefficient of 17.5 W/m2.K, and radiative heat transfer coefficient of [Ans: 125800C]
23.2.W/m2.K. The temperature of surrounding air is 30 oC with convective heat
transfer coefficient of 7.5 W/m2.K and radiation heat transfer coefficient of 11.5
W/m2.K. Calculate:
i. Rate of heat transfer through the wall per unit area.
ii. Maximum temperature to which the common brick is subjected.
4 A solar flux of 700 W/m 2 is incident on a flat-plate solar collector used to heat water.
[Ans:q’= 286 W/m2;]
2
The area of the collector is 3 m , and 90% of the solar radiation passes through the
cover glass and is absorbed by the absorber plate. The remaining 10% is reflected
away from the collector. Water flows through the tube passages on the back side of the [Ans: 27.7 ºC]
absorber plate and is heated from an inlet temperature Ti to an outlet temperature To.
The cover glass, operating at a temperature of 30ºC, has an emissivity of 0.94 and
experiences radiation exchange with the sky at -10ºC. The convection coefficient
between the cover glass and the ambient air at 25ºC is 10 W/m2 K.
i. Perform an overall energy balance on the collector to obtain useful heat is
collected per unit area of the collector, q"u.
ii. Calculate the temperature rise of the water, To- Ti, if the flow rate is 0.01 kg/s.
Assume the specific heat of the water to be 4179 J/kg K.
5 Consider a surface-mount type transistor on a circuit board whose temperature is Tc=470C
maintained at 35ºC. Air at 20ºC flows over the upper surface of dimensions 4 mm x 8
 mm with a convection coefficient of 50 W/m 2 K. Three wire leads, each of cross
section 1 mm x 0.25 mm and length 4 mm, conduct heat from the case to the circuit
board. The gap between the case and the board is 0.2 mm. Assuming the case is
isothermal and neglecting radiation;
i. estimate the case temperature when 150 mW is dissipated by the
transistor if the gap is filled with conductive paste. The thermal
conductivities of the wire leads and conductive paste are 25,and 0.12 W/m K,
respectively.
ii. Using the constraint that the case temperature not exceed 40ºC,
considering leads fabricated from materials with thermal conductivities of 200
W/m K, compute the maximum allowable heat dissipation if h =50 W/m2 K.

6 Copper-plate fins of rectangular cross-section having thickness t = 1 mm, height L = Ans: 99.3%;
10 mm and thermal conductivity K = 380W/moC are attached to a plane wall
maintained at a temperature Tb = 2230C. Fins disisipate heat by convection into
ambient air at Ta = 30oC with h = 30W/moC. Fins are spaced at 8 mm (that is, 125 [Ans: 26.86mkW/m2
fins per meter). Assume heat loss from the fin tip to be negligible. Determine the find
efficiency, heat transfer per square meter of wall surface.
7 Determine the percentage increase in heat transfer rate associated with attaching 13.15%
aluminum (k = 200 W/m2.K) fins of rectangular profile to a plane Wall. The fins are
50 mm long 0.5 mm thick and are equally spaced at a distance of 4 mm. The
convection coefficient associated with bare wall is 40 W/m2K, while that resulting
from attachment of fin is 30 W/m2K.
8 The electrical resistance of a copper rod is 15 x 10-6 ohm m-1 (Ώ ). It conducts a current 33.910C
of 900 A and has a radius of 1 cm (r1). It is insulated to a thickness of 5 mm (t1) using a
material having a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W/m K (K1) and then further covered to a
thickness of (t2) 1.8 cm with plastic material of thermal conductivity (K2) 0.5 W/mK.
This plastic outer layer is exposed to air at 30 oC (To) and the convective heat transfer
coefficient is 15W/m2 K (h). Determine the outer surface temperature of the plastic
insulation.
9 The temperature of hot gas flowing through a pipe is measured by a mercury 11%
thermometer inserted in an oil well made of steel. (k = 40 W/m.K). The thermometer
reads the temperature at the end of the well which is lower than the gas temperature
due to transfer of heat along the well. Calculate percentage error in temperature
measurement, if thermometer reads 150oC. The temperature of the pipe wall is 80 oC.
The well is 10cm long, 2mm thick. Take h = 40 W/m2.K.
10 A plane wall of thickness 0.1m and thermal conductivity 25w/m.k having 2120C
volumetric heat generation of 0.3 MW/m3 is insulated on one side,
while the other side is exposed to a fluid at 92 °c. The convection hat transfer
coefficient between the wall and fluid is 500W/m2.k.Determine the maximum
temperature in the wall?
11 A long cylindrical rod of radius 12 cm, consists of nuclear reacting material (k = 45.50C
2W/mK) generating 30 kW/m3 uniformly throughout its volume. The rod is 75.50C
encapsulated within another cylinder (k=5W/m.K) whose outer radius is 24 cm and
surface is surrounded by air at 30oC with heat transfer coefficient of 20 W/m2.K.
Find the temperature at the interface between the two cylinders and at the outer
surface.
12 Nichrome having a receptivity of 110 μΩ cm is to be used as heating element. The 218.83W/m
wire diameter is 2 mm and other design features are: Current, I = 25A, Ambient Temp,
= 20oC, KNichrome = 17.5 W/mK, h = 46.5 W/m2.K. Calculate the net loss from one
meter long heater and also the temperature at the surface and centre line of Nichrome
wire.
13 A long and wide copper plate of 4.5 cm thick, at initial temperature of 180 oC is held on Time in water=
the water surface so that its one face is in contact with water at 25 oC. The other surface 1794s
is exposed to air side at 25oC. Unit surface conductances on the water and air sides are
80 and 8 W/m2.K, respectively. Neglecting the radiation losses, heat transfer from In air =
edges and internal temperature gradients, find the time required to cool the plate to 3818 s
90oC. The properties of the copper are: ρ = 8800 kg/m3, C = 410 J/kg.K; k = 380
W/m.K. Also find the time required to cool the plate to 90oC, if it is placed in air only.
14
15 A 50 mm thick iron plate is initially at 225oC. Its both surfaces are suddenly exposed 1410C
to an environment at 25oC with convection coefficient of 500 W/m2.K. 135.20C
a) Calculate the centre temperature, 2 minute after the start of exposure. 15.9MJm2
b) Calculate the temperature at the depth of 10mm from the surface, after 2
minute of exposure.
c) Calculate the energy removed from the plate per square meter during this
period.
Take thermophysical properties of iron plate: k = 60 W/m.K. ρ = 8800 kg/m3, C=
460 J/Kg.K, α = 1.6 x 10-5m2/s.