Jurnal Ke 3

sustainability
Review
Environmental, Social, and Governance-Based Artificial
Intelligence Governance: Digitalizing Firms’ Leadership and
Human Resources Management
George Sklavos 1 , George Theodossiou 1 , Zacharias Papanikolaou 2 , Christos Karelakis 2
and Konstantina Ragazou 3, *
1 Department of Business Administration, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;

[email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (G.T.)
2 Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece;
[email protected] (Z.P.); [email protected] (C.K.)
3 Department of Management, Science and Technology, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece
* Correspondence: [email protected]
Abstract: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with environmental, social, and governance
(ESG) factors is impacting the direction of enterprises and society in our swiftly expanding world.
This collaboration has significant potential to tackle critical issues such as reducing the impact of
climate change, fostering social integration, and improving corporate governance. Nevertheless, the
implementation of AI gives rise to intricate matters and apprehensions, as it brings out a distinct
array of hazards and ethical quandaries for ESG performance. The objective of the present research is
to fill this gap by gathering and offering a contemporary evaluation of the influence of advancing
technologies on the strategic leadership’s role in fulfilling the business goal within the context of
ESG considerations. We used bibliometric analysis to investigate the study subject using R Studio
version 4.2.0 and the bibliometric applications VOSviewer version 1.6.20 and Biblioshiny version
4.2.0. We obtained data from the Scopus database and used the PRISMA approach to suitably choose
205 research publications. The results suggest that it is essential to use AI and ESG to digitize
Citation: Sklavos, G.; Theodossiou, G.; the boardroom. Additionally, it is crucial to guarantee its security using an advanced detection
Papanikolaou, Z.; Karelakis, C.;
system. Therefore, chief executive officers (CEOs) must give priority to the issues of transparency
Ragazou, K. Environmental, Social,
and cybersecurity to reduce risks and successfully inspire trust in business activities.
and Governance-Based Artificial
Intelligence Governance: Digitalizing
Keywords: corporate purpose; leadership; ESG; digital transformation
Firms’ Leadership and Human
Resources Management. Sustainability
2024, 16, 7154. https://doi.org/
10.3390/su16167154
1. Introduction
Academic Editor: Lucian-Ionel Cioca
The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the operating environ-
Received: 23 June 2024 ment of businesses in several industries. The enhanced capabilities of AI have a significant
Revised: 8 August 2024 influence on decision-making processes, resulting in increased operational efficiency and
Accepted: 19 August 2024 better workflow [1,2]. The capacity of AI to evaluate vast quantities of data, provide
Published: 20 August 2024 profound perspectives, and enhance efficiency is propelling its increasing influence on com-
panies. AI has a substantial influence on the field of data analysis. The growing availability
of extensive datasets and artificial intelligence technologies enables firms to obtain valuable
insights into consumer behavior, market trends, and operational procedures. Artificial
Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.
intelligence algorithms have the capability to effectively process and analyze large volumes
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
of data in real time, enabling enterprises to make choices based on facts. By improving
This article is an open access article
accuracy, organizations can discern patterns and predict future trends, strengthening their
distributed under the terms and
overall performance and competitiveness [3].
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
Furthermore, AI can envision and reshape strategic leadership, particularly in relation
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
to environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) goals. The convergence of AI
4.0/). with ESG factors is significantly impacting the direction of both enterprises and society in
Sustainability 2024, 16, 7154. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167154 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

Sustainability 2024, 16, 7154 2 of 20
our fast-paced global environment [4,5]. This collaboration has significant potential to tackle
important issues such as reducing the impact of climate change, fostering social inclusivity,
and improving corporate governance. Nevertheless, the implementation of AI presents
intricate challenges and apprehensions, as it brings out a distinctive array of hazards and
moral predicaments for ESG performance. Given the limited amount of research available
on the positive and negative impacts of AI on sustainability, it is crucial for companies
to form a leadership working group to gather the necessary information and develop
solutions [6–8]. This will assist organizations in navigating the intricate intersection of AI
and ESG, providing guidance to ensure that their actions are both commercially lucrative
and socially and ecologically conscientious [9].
Hence, the present study seeks to rectify this lack by gathering and presenting an up-
to-date assessment of how emerging technologies impact the corporate purpose in strategic
leadership, with a focus on the lens of ESG factors. To achieve the research purpose of
this study, we used bibliometric analysis together with the R statistical programming
language (R 3.6.0+) and the bibliometric tools VOSviewer and Biblioshiny. For this analysis,
we obtained a total of 205 research papers from the Scopus database using the PRISMA
approach to assure accurate selection. The results emphasize the need of digitizing the
boardroom via the integration of AI and ESG practices. It is crucial to prioritize the
security of this digitalization process by developing a comprehensive detection system.
Therefore, the results indicate that CEOs should give high importance to cybersecurity and
transparency issues to successfully build trust in company activities and reduce risks.
The paper is structured in the following manner: Section 2 offers a concise overview
of the existing literature, while Section 3 gives a comprehensive discussion of the materials
and processes used in the study. Section 4 presents the findings of the bibliometric analysis
conducted on the articles sourced from the Scopus database. Section 5 analyzes the findings
and consequences of the study, proposing prospective areas of investigation for future
research. The paper is concluded in Section 6.
2. ESG Principles for AI Governance: A Path Forward for Businesses

Organizations are adopting AI at an unprecedented rate, which has the potential to
revolutionize the business sector. However, the governance aspect of AI integration is
multifaceted. In the current era of digital transformation, how can companies regulate AI in
a manner that is consistent with their core values and societal responsibilities? The solution
is the implementation of corporate governance, environmental, and social principles by
enterprises.
ESG criteria have emerged as indispensable benchmarks for evaluating an organi-
zation’s commitment to sustainable and ethical business practices. When assessing a
corporation’s impact on the environment, society, and its internal governance structures,
investors, constituents, and regulators consider a diverse array of factors. In recent years,
there has been a substantial increase in the significance of ESG consideration and compli-
ance. This is primarily due to the regulations that have been implemented by regulatory
bodies in a multitude of countries. For example, the Securities and Exchange Board of India
(SEBI) in India has mandated that listed companies adhere to ESG guidelines and submit
supplementary ESG reports in addition to their annual financial reports. In addition, the
United Nations has established a set of 17 global objectives, which are referred to as the
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG). This was ratified by all UN
member states in 2015 as part of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. In addition
to profit margins, corporations worldwide are recognizing that sustainable practices have
a substantial impact on long-term success, reputation, and stakeholder trust. The imple-
mentation of ESG compliance is a demonstration of a commitment to responsible business
practices, which aligns companies with global objectives for environmental preservation,
social equity, and transparent governance.
A variety of challenges impede the implementation of ESG practices in corporations.
However, the integration of technology into the application of ESG is one of the most
critical. A commitment to genuine sustainability, transparency, and ongoing development is

essential for navigating the complex landscape of ESG issues. In light of the ESG landscape’s
continuous and rapid evolution, it is imperative to implement advanced methodologies,
techniques, and tools to overcome specific challenges. The manner in which we interact
with the world, work, and exist has been radically transformed by the rapid evolution
of artificial intelligence (AI). AI is fundamentally concerned with the development of
intelligent machines that are capable of learning from experience, resolving complex issues,
and adapting to new challenges. AI offers society unparalleled opportunities for efficiency,
productivity, and advancement, in addition to technological innovation. AI is a powerful
ally in the pursuit of a more connected, inclusive, and intelligent future for humanity. It
has the potential to revolutionize health care by providing personalized remedies and to
enhance accessibility and convenience in a variety of sectors.
The rapidly evolving landscape of corporate responsibility and governance is being
revolutionized by the convergence of AI and ESG principles. AI functions as a beacon, illu-
minating the path to a future in which businesses not only accomplish financial objectives
but also excel in ethical, environmental, and social performance, as the global community
increases its commitment to sustainable practices. The current discourse concerning ESG
emphasizes the imperative need for strategic interventions and increased awareness. Criti-
cal challenges, including climate change, social inequalities, and governance deficiencies,
must be addressed by businesses. In this context, the synergy between AI and ESG is indis-
pensable, offering a transformative solution to the intricacies that conventional methods
frequently encounter. This article investigates the substantial impact of AI on the improve-
ment of ESG practices, as humanity is presently situated at the intersection of technological
innovation and societal responsibility. It aims to demonstrate the potential of AI in enhanc-
ing the fundamental principles of environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and
effective governance, rather than merely addressing obstacles. Artificial intelligence (AI) is
a dynamic tool that has the potential to revolutionize the way corporations operate, from
the prediction and prevention of risks to the decoding of complex datasets. This analysis
of the potential of AI to facilitate ESG will disclose the awareness gap, analyze the imped-
iments that impede current ESG frameworks, and elucidate the optimistic pathways by
which AI can guide us toward a more sustainable and conscientious future. The corporate
responsibility landscape is on the brink of a revolution as a result of the transformative
capabilities of AI, which are poised to facilitate the harmonious integration of profit and
purpose.
The Role of AI in ESG

Today’s business executives must comprehend AI, as it has become a fundamental
component of contemporary business strategies. AI is fundamentally a collection of tech-
nologies and algorithms that empower machines to execute tasks that ordinarily necessitate
human intelligence. These responsibilities encompass the recognition of data patterns, the
formulation of decisions based on data analysis, and the comprehension and response to
human language. The development of AI has been both swift and transformative. Initially,
it was solely a topic of academic research; however, it has since evolved into a practical
instrument for businesses in a variety of sectors. This evolution has been driven by ad-
vancements in machine learning and deep learning, which are branches of AI that allow
computers to learn from data and progress over time. For a business executive, this implies
that AI is not an inert instrument, but rather a dynamic solution that adapts and evolves in
accordance with the demands of your organization. AI’s importance in the business sector
is derived from its capacity to process and analyze data at a rate and scale that exceeds that
of humans. This capability opens a plethora of opportunities. AI can offer insights that
facilitate more intelligent and effective decision-making, from optimizing supply chains to
comprehending consumer behavior patterns. Additionally, it enables your teams to con-
centrate on the more intricate and innovative aspects of their work by automating routine
duties. Nevertheless, the integration of AI into the business environment is not solely a
matter of technological adoption; it also requires cultural adaptation. The implementation

of AI necessitates a change in the manner in which teams operate and make decisions.
It necessitates a data-driven approach, in which decisions are made based on insights
obtained from AI analysis rather than merely on intuition or experience.
Therefore, based on the above, AI is essential for ESG activities due to its significant
involvement in the analysis of extensive data related to ESG factors. Companies can ex-
tract valuable information regarding their environmental impact, social practices, and
governance structures from complex data by employing robust machine learning algo-
rithms. Organizations can utilize AI analytics to effectively monitor and evaluate their
ESG performance over time. This enables firms to identify areas that require improve-
ment and devise strategies to mitigate their environmental impact, thereby facilitating
evidence-based decision-making. AI is instrumental in the management of ESG risk by
accurately predicting and identifying potential hazards associated with environmental
concerns, societal disputes, and governance failures. Machine learning models can predict
the occurrence of ESG difficulties through predictive analytics, which enables companies
to take proactive measures to mitigate and resolve these risks before they escalate. In the
event of unforeseen ESG disturbances, foresight not only promotes long-term sustainability
and resilience but also safeguards a company’s image.
Additionally, the utilization of AI technology is essential for the improvement of
transparency in intricate supply chains. By utilizing AI-driven technologies to monitor the
environmental and social behaviors of their suppliers, companies can guarantee ethical
compliance. This transparency not only facilitates the identification and correction of any
unethical business practices within the supply chain, but it also corresponds with the
principles of accountability and responsible sourcing in the ESG framework. By offering
data-driven insights into ESG issues, artificial intelligence facilitates strategic decision-
making. The most effective strategies for attaining sustainability objectives can be identified
by companies through the evaluation of the impact of a variety of ESG activities using
machine learning algorithms. Additionally, AI assists in the development of ESG policies
by analyzing historical performance data and predicting the potential repercussions of
various policy strategies. This guarantees that corporations implement ESG policies that
are not only effective but also grounded in sound knowledge, thereby fostering positive
social and environmental consequences.
Additionally, it is impossible to dispute the undeniable ability of AI to effect substantial
changes in ESG issues. It gives businesses the ability to contribute to a fair and robust
world while also achieving their sustainability objectives through a diverse array of tools.
By employing data-driven insights, AI enables organizations to efficiently navigate the
intricacies of ESG concerns. This encompasses the cultivation of meaningful interactions
with stakeholders and the optimization of resource utilization. Nevertheless, it is imperative
to bear in mind that AI is not a cure-all. It is imperative that we prioritize ethical concerns
such as data privacy, prejudice, and transparency. Thus, it is essential to foster collaboration
among tech developers, corporations, legislators, and communities to guarantee that AI
operates as a beneficial influence in the ESG environment. In the future, we can establish a
mutually beneficial partnership between sustainability and technology by confronting the
challenges of AI and embracing its potential. Utilizing data and insights, we can establish
a trajectory toward a future in which environmental stewardship, social equality, and
economic development are intricately linked. The current influx of data, which is being
driven by AI, has the potential to create a more equitable and environmentally responsible
society for future generations.
Therefore, the integration of artificial intelligence with environmental, social, and
governance principles is a potent force that facilitates beneficial transformation. Businesses
have a positive impact on the development of a sustainable and socially responsible
global society by enhancing their operational efficiency and risk management using AI
capabilities for ESG. The advantages are not limited to company performance; they also
encompass social welfare, thereby reconciling financial objectives with the common good.
The integration of AI into ESG practices is on the brink of becoming an essential component
in the pursuit of a more ethical, sustainable, and accountable future as we progress. By
incorporating these AI tools and approaches, companies can demonstrate their dedication
to responsible and ethical business practices, improve the efficacy of their sustainability
initiatives, and expedite the development of their ESG policies.
3. Data and Research Methodology

The current study used bibliometric analysis to investigate the subject topic. Over the
last several years, there has been a notable rise in the frequency of bibliometric analysis in
business research. There are two main elements that might explain the popularity of this
item. The availability and accessibility of scientific databases, such as Scopus and Web of
Science, have improved. Similarly, there have been advancements in bibliometric software,
like Biblioshiny and VOSviewer [10,11]. Secondly, there has been a cross-disciplinary
transfer of the bibliometric methodology from information science to business research.
Interestingly, using bibliometric analysis in business research is more than a fad. It is
because it is good at (i) organizing large amounts of scientific data and (ii) giving numbers
to show how research has affected and improved productivity [11]. This methodology
allows researchers to analyze and compare large datasets efficiently, identify influential
authors and institutions, and track the citation patterns of scholarly publications. Moreover,
the objective nature of bibliometric analysis adds credibility to business research findings,
providing a transparent and replicable way to evaluate the impact and visibility of academic
work. As a result, integrating bibliometric analysis in business research has become
increasingly valuable for researchers, institutions, and policymakers alike, generating
substantial research influence [12].
Researchers employ bibliometric analysis to evaluate a variety of factors, including the
conceptual framework of a specific issue in the existing literature, the effectiveness of aca-
demic publications, and the identification of emergent trends in scholarly works. Citations,
publications, and the occurrence of keywords and topics are among the objective indicators
that are extensively incorporated into comprehensive datasets for bibliometric analysis.
The quantity of these indicators may fluctuate, extending from hundreds to thousands.
Nevertheless, the analysis of these data frequently necessitates a combination of subjective
evaluations, such as theme analysis, and quantitative evaluations, such as performance
analysis, which are conducted using well-informed methodologies and techniques. The
assessment of the progress of current subjects and the expansion of scientific knowledge is
facilitated by bibliometric analysis. It utilizes rigorous methodologies to analyze immense
quantities of unstructured data [13,14]. Consequently, well-executed bibliometric studies
can establish strong bases for advancing a field innovatively and significantly. They provide
scholars with the ability to (i) obtain a comprehensive overview in one place, (ii) iden-
tify areas where knowledge is lacking, (iii) generate new ideas for further research, and
(iv) position their intended contributions within the field [15].
The data were collected from the Scopus database in the current study, focusing on four
key terms: corporate purpose, strategic leadership, emerging technologies, and artificial
intelligence. The keyword search is thoroughly given and detailed in Table 1.
The PRISMA flow diagram visually illustrates the essential stages in the process of
choosing a dependable collection of publications for bibliometric research (Figure 1). The
search query yielded 1052 sources in the collection. Nevertheless, when excluding sources
that were not articles, the quantity was decreased to 734. Afterward, a comprehensive
examination was conducted on a total of 384 publications to exclude those unconnected or
that used a broad framework unsuited for studying the influence of artificial intelligence on
corporate purpose and strategic leadership. Upon scrutiny of the articles, it was discovered
that some of the selected sources need to explicitly indicate the scope and characteristics
of the studied region in their title or keywords. As a result, the search criteria were
adjusted only to consider publications falling within the predetermined range, excluding
any references not pertinent to the present study topic. After this filtering technique,
205 scientific papers were retained and included in the bibliometric analysis.
Table 1. Algorithm for performing the keyword search. Source: authors’ elaboration.
Step Keyword Search

1 ((“corporate purpose” AND “artificial intelligence”))
2 ((“corporate purpose” OR “business purpose”) AND “artificial intelligence”))
((“corporate purpose” OR “business purpose”) AND “artificial intelligence” OR
3
“emerging technologies”))
((“corporate purpose” OR “business purpose”) AND (“ strategic leadership”) AND
4
(“artificial intelligence” OR “emerging technologies”))
((“corporate purpose” OR “business purpose”) AND (“strategic leadership”) AND
5 (“artificial intelligence” OR “emerging technologies” OR “digital technology” OR
“Information Communications Technology” OR “big data analytics”))
(“artificial intelligence” OR “emerging technologies” OR “digital technology” OR
6
“digitalization” OR “Information Communications Technology” OR “big data
analytics”))
(“governance structure”) AND (“artificial intelligence” OR “emerging technologies”
7
OR “Internet of Things” OR “digital technology” OR “digitalization” OR
“Information Communications Technology” OR “big data analytics”))
(“governance structure”) AND (“ESG”) AND (“artificial intelligence” OR “emerging
8
technologies” OR “Internet of Things” OR “digital technology” OR “digitalization”
OR “Information Communications Technology” OR “big data analytics”))
9 technologies” OR “Internet of Things” OR “digital technology” OR “robotics” OR
analytics”))
technologies” OR “Internet of Things” OR “digital technology” OR “robotics” OR
10
analytics”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, “ar”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (PUBSTAGE,
“final”) OR LIMIT-TO (PUBSTAGE, “aip”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (SRCTYPE, “j”))
Additionally, Figure 2 depicts the five-step procedure of the bibliometric analysis.

Furthermore, the bibliometric analysis was conducted exclusively using publications that
were published in internationally recognized journals and underwent a rigorous peer-
review process. Moreover, the investigation exclusively included articles that were written
in the English language. Conversely, the investigation was executed in October 2023.
Also, specific criteria were incorporated to guarantee that the final sample was relevant.
The following criteria were established: (i) the articles should primarily concentrate on
the concepts of artificial intelligence and its impact on corporate purpose and strategic
leadership; and (ii) the articles should investigate emerging strategies that companies can
implement to adapt to the constantly evolving field of artificial intelligence and ESG criteria.
Furthermore, the authors conducted a screening process that entailed an examination of
the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the selected publications to prevent any duplications.
The articles that did not satisfy the specified criteria were removed from the final sample
under examination. As previously indicated, the ultimate sample was obtained by selecting
205 articles.
Sustainability 2024, 16, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 20
The role of Artificial Intelligence to the Corporate Purpose and Strategic

Leadership
Total number of documents that Records removed before the
Identification
were identified during the initial screening:
Scopus database search Duplicate records deleted
(n=1052 ) (n=216)
Records deleted for other
reasons (n=102)
Records screened for all Documents that have been

excluded as a result of the
(n=734)
application of exclusion:
by hand (n=195)
by Scopus functionality (n =189)
Screening
Reports evaluated for eligibility

Due to their relevance,
(n=350)
documents are excluded (n=145)
Documents that are incorporated

Included
into the bibliometric analysis

(n=205)
Figure Selectionofof
1. Selection
Figure 1. publications
publications for for bibliometric
bibliometric analysis
analysis using using the PRISMA
the PRISMA flow diagram.
flow diagram. Source: Source:
authors’ elaboration.
authors’ elaboration.
Additionally, Figure 2 depicts the five-step procedure of the bibliometric analysis.

Furthermore, the bibliometric analysis was conducted exclusively using publications that
70
were published in internationally recognized journals and underwent a rigorous peer-
review process. Moreover, the investigation exclusively included articles that were writ-
60
ten in the English language. Conversely, the investigation was executed in October 2023.
Also, specific criteria were incorporated to guarantee that the final sample was relevant.
50 The following criteria were established: (i) the articles should primarily concentrate on the
concepts of artificial intelligence and its impact on corporate purpose and strategic lead-
40 ership; and (ii) the articles should investigate emerging strategies that companies can im-
plement to adapt to the constantly evolving field of artificial intelligence and ESG criteria.
Furthermore, the authors conducted a screening process that entailed an examination Numberofof
30
Articles per
the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the selected publications to prevent any duplications.
Year
20 The articles that did not satisfy the specified criteria were removed from the final sample
under examination. As previously indicated, the ultimate sample was obtained by select-
ing 205 articles.
10
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Figure2.2.Scientific
Figure Scientificproduction
production per
per year.
year. Source:
Source:Scopus/Bilioshiny.
Scopus/Bilioshiny.
4. Results
The sample used in this study, spanning from 2009 to 2023, reveals descriptive statis-
tics (Table 2) indicating that a total of 520 authors have made contributions to the literature
on redefining corporate purpose and strategic leadership using emerging technologies,
such as AI. Remarkably, out of the whole compilation of documents, a mere 47 were writ-
4. Results
The sample used in this study, spanning from 2009 to 2023, reveals descriptive statistics
(Table 2) indicating that a total of 520 authors have made contributions to the literature on
redefining corporate purpose and strategic leadership using emerging technologies, such
as AI. Remarkably, out of the whole compilation of documents, a mere 47 were written by
a single person. The index is fascinating since it can promote broad collaboration among
writers, as seen by the author ratio of 0.394. The above ratio may be concisely expressed
as follows: Three authors have worked to create a unified document on the subject under
investigation. Moreover, Figure 3 illustrates the chronological advancement of scientific
study, demonstrating a steady growth in the publication of studies about corporate purpose
and its correlation with emerging technology. The notable increase in the publication of
relevant papers from 2020 to 2023 exemplifies companies’ prompt reaction to the disruption
caused by the pandemic crisis, which hit the business world hard.
Table 3 presents the H-index, subject area, and ranks of the most prolific journals
in both The Academic Journal Guide provided by the Chartered Association of Business
Schools (ABS) and Scimago lists. Most articles are categorized based on computer science
to highlight the connection between technology and the digitalization of business goals. In
addition, two of the top ten prestigious journals chose to focus specifically on the field of
environment and sustainability. As an example, sustainability is the primary focus of the
list, consisting of 10 publications. It aims to publish research on the sustainable growth of
enterprises using emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Furthermore, the International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Journal of Cleaner
Production, and Journal of Computer Information Systems hold the second position on the list,
with each journal having four publications. The research indicated above highlights the
clear and influential goals of corporations, giving priority to their strategic positioning to
enhance their beneficial influence on society and the environment. Hence, to achieve their
goals, enhance the process of making decisions, and meet the needs of their customers,
businesses must include sustainable practices into their plan for digitization.
Figure
Figure3.3.Sankey
Sankeydiagram.
diagram. Source: Biblioshiny/Scopus.
Source: Biblioshiny/Scopus.
Moreover, to obtain a full grasp of the current status of the field and its potential for
long-term sustainability, the objective of producing a thematic map was performed (Fig-
ure 4). With the use of visual representations, thematic maps illustrate the spatial distri-
bution and patterns of a specific subject or topic within a particular geographical area.
Through the evaluation of these maps, researchers and decisionmakers have the potential
to identify trends, disparities, and potential areas for change. In addition, understanding
the current state of the industry, as well as its potential for financial success, may assist in
Table 2. Descriptive statistics. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.
Description Results
MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA
Timespan 2009–2023
Sources (Journals) 172.00
Documents 205.00
Average years from publication 2.28
Average citations per document 17.67
Average citations per year per doc 3.34
References 24,537.00
DOCUMENT TYPES
article 205.00
DOCUMENT CONTENTS
Keywords Plus (ID) 427.00
Author’s Keywords (DE) 698.00
AUTHORS
Authors 520.00
Author Appearances 554.00
Authors of single-authored documents 47.00
Authors of multi-authored documents 473.00
AUTHORS COLLABORATION
Single-authored documents 47.00
Documents per Author 0.39
Authors per Document 2.54
Co-Authors per Documents 2.70
Collaboration Index 3.05
The most relevant and significant published study on the process of converting in-
formation into a digital format and its influence on the goals and aims of corporations
is shown in Table 4. The research article titled “Explaining Social Media Adoption for a
Business Purpose: An Application of the UTAUT Model” has a notable position in the list
of highly referenced publications. The study aimed to examine the elements that impact
the adoption of social media for business reasons using the Unified Theory of Acceptance
and Use of Technology (UTAUT), a well-recognized paradigm in technology acceptance
research [16,17]. The results demonstrated that performance, effort anticipation, and social
influence have a considerable impact on the likelihood of using social media for business
purposes. Moreover, the results suggested that using the model mentioned above may
enhance the circumstances inside a company or business and can also impact the behavior
of technology users, including executives and board members.
Furthermore, the study demonstrated that younger executives are more adept at adapt-
ing and using new technology to enhance decision-making and overall daily operations.
The report titled “Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social
media” emphasized the vital significance of incorporating developing technology into
social media usage. This integration enables organizations to fundamentally change their
objectives [18]. Therefore, several corporate leaders have prioritized the notion of social
media. Decisionmakers and experts endeavor to ascertain strategies for organizations to
effectively use programs such as Wikipedia, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter in a lucrative
manner [19,20]. However, despite the curiosity, there seems to be a significant lack of
understanding of the precise definition of “social media,” as seen by the limited knowledge
of the present topic. More precisely, it is essential to train executives on the use of devel-
oping technologies and social media. This training will enable board members to adapt
the company’s objectives to the requirements of the modern digital landscape, ultimately
ensuring the satisfaction of shareholders.
Table 3. Top 10 journals in terms of the quantity of publications. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.
Journals Articles H-Index Subject Area CABS List Scimago List

Renewable Energy,
Sustainability
10 136 Sustainability and the Q1
(Switzerland)
Environment
International Journal Of
Advanced Science And 4 20 Computer Science
Technology
Renewable Energy,
Journal Of Cleaner
4 268 Sustainability and the 2 ** Q1
Production
Environment
Journal Of Computer
4 71 Computer Science 2 ** Q1
Information Systems
Organizational Behavior
Society And Business
4 9 and Human Resource 2 ** Q2
Review
Management
Organizational Behavior
Cogent Business And
3 32 and Human Resource 1* Q2
Management
Management
Electronic Journal Of
Information Systems In 3 25 Computer Science Q3
Developing Countries
Applied Engineering 3 48 Engineering
Research
3 25 Computer Science 1* Q3
E-Business Research
Recent Technology And 3 27 Computer Science
Engineering
The journals are given a star rating from 1 * to 4 * (the highest).
Table 4. Top 10 publications based on the number of citations. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.
Related Publications Citations

Explaining Social Media Adoption for a Business Purpose: An Application
17
of the UTAUT Model
User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View 11
The theory of planned behavior 9
Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and
9
research
Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media 9
Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage 8
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences 7
Diffusion Of Innovations 6
Memorandum Opinion and Order Denying Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss
5
Complaint of the United States
Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior 5
Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an
5
Information Technology Innovation
Furthermore, the authors have provided an improved explanation of the concept

of social media and corporate purpose, which incorporates the features of collaborative
projects, blogs, content communities, social networking sites, virtual gaming worlds, and
virtual social worlds [21]. This comprehensive understanding of social media and its
integration with corporate purposes will empower executives to effectively leverage these
platforms for strategic decision-making and brand-building. Additionally, the authors
highlighted the importance of fostering a culture of innovation within the organization,
encouraging executives to explore emerging technologies and stay ahead of industry trends.
Table 5 displays the primary affiliations that have published research papers on the
digitalization of the boardroom and its impact on corporate purposes. Empirical data
indicate that academic institutions originating from India and China substantially influence
the publications pertaining to the subject under investigation. India is now seeing a no-
table trend within the business sector aimed at implementing substantial transformations
in boardrooms and setting new benchmarks in corporate governance [22,23]. Indian en-
trepreneurs believe digital transformation is essential for achieving sustainable growth and
competitiveness in today’s rapidly changing business environment [22–25]. Companies see
a substantial and profound shift in their corporate governance and sustainability endeavors.
Given the significant influence of advanced technologies on many industries, it has become
more important to possess essential skills such as executive leadership, ESG (environmental,
social, and governance) proficiency, and corporate governance knowledge [26–29]. As a
result, Indian businesses are embracing digitalization, causing a re-evaluation of traditional
corporate objectives [30,31]. Board members must acquire an extensive understanding
of subjects pertaining to the digital transformation of the boardroom to do this. To do
this, board members must actively endeavor to bridge this gap by fully embracing digital
transformation with the aid of technical experts. Embracing this collaborative approach
may help boards make well-informed decisions on the company’s mission and the dig-
ital strategies they need to follow to meet the requirements of the ever-changing digital
environment [23,25].
Table 5. Top 10 affiliations based on the number of publications. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.
Affiliations Country Articles

Institute Of Forensic Science India 10
Beijing University Of Technology China 8
Khon Kaen University Thailand 8
Tsinghua University China 8
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malaysia 8
Bharati Vidyapeeth India 7
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Finland 7
Sangji University North Korea 7
Swinburne University Of Technology Australia 7
The University Of Jordan Jordan 7
Chinese companies have the same perspective as their Indian counterparts about
the digitization of the boardroom and its impact on business goals [22,23,30–34]. Global
corporations face significant obstacles in addressing ambiguity by adopting digital trans-
formation and strategically using new technologies to support their business goals. This
issue has garnered significant interest. Previous studies have primarily focused on the
economic consequences of digital transformation in businesses [30–32], with less emphasis
on the impact of internal factors, specifically human variables like board members, on
digital transformation. Chinese scholars contend that CEOs with sufficient knowledge and
technology competence are crucial in driving the digital transformation of boardrooms.
Empirical academic research has shown the substantial influence that CEOs’ specific pro-
fessional knowledge and skills have on a firm’s business and innovation strategy. Chinese
universities prioritize evaluating the chairman’s proficiency in IT and how it can assist
companies in developing and implementing digital strategies in the Chinese context. They
also assess their capability to adapt the corporate purpose to the changing digital business
environment. The emphasis on IT proficiency is essential as it allows boardrooms to effi-
ciently use technology and negotiate the intricacies of the digital environment. Moreover,
by evaluating the chairman’s proficiency in information technology, Chinese universities
may pinpoint any areas of knowledge deficiency and provide specialized training initiatives
to bolster digital competencies inside institutions.
Figure 3 presents a Sankey diagram that visually represents the significant countries
and authors in the subject, based on the analysis of bibliometric data. The figure’s left side
depicts the nations and writers of utmost importance, while the center side showcases
the most prominent authors. The figure’s right side displays the primary keywords they
used in their articles. The breadth of each line that links a country, an author, and a word
symbolizes the strength of the relationships among these entities. The results suggest that
Chinese authors are those who are mostly interested in the field of the integration of AI
and ESG principles in businesses to help them become more digitalized and sustainable in
the future. Specifically, China has successfully improved ESG reporting and transparency
in corporate and governance processes using domestic technology, resulting in a rise in
investments in green finance. It has successfully used the latest breakthroughs in advanced
technology, such as IoT and big data, to enhance the environmental and social performance
of its most successful enterprises [35–37]. In addition, Chinese enterprises have achieved
enduring expansion due to advantageous government regulations and efficient strategizing
in technology-focused industries, such as renewable energy and artificial intelligence. In
addition, the country’s human capital development has been enhanced by technology,
leading to improvements in measurable areas such as sustainable agriculture and health
care.
Additionally, Figure 3 underscores the importance of AI and ESG in fostering green
innovation and competitiveness. In fact, it is imperative for corporations to prioritize
sustainability. By incorporating sustainability into technological advancements like AI,
your organization can differentiate itself in the market and improve its competitiveness.
Furthermore, sustainable AI promotes innovation and unconventional thinking to enable
organizations to develop AI solutions that achieve a harmonious equilibrium between
ethical principles and technological advancement. Furthermore, Figure 3 emphasizes the
significance of AI and ESG in the promotion of green innovation and competitiveness.
It is essential for corporations to prioritize sustainability. An organization can enhance
its competitiveness and distinguish itself in the market by integrating sustainability into
technological advancements such as AI. Additionally, sustainable AI fosters innovation
and unconventional thinking to enable organizations to create AI solutions that achieve a
harmonious equilibrium between technological advancement and ethical principles.
Unilever is a very successful example of the combination of ESG with AI, as men-
tioned before [38]. Unilever consistently performs tests to determine the most efficient
solutions that support sustainability and shared values. Through these trials, Unilever
has accumulated a substantial amount of information about the effectiveness of different
approaches. Unilever’s ongoing progress is mainly a result of its commitment to devel-
oping new ideas and approaches that may impact its whole value chain [39,40]. In the
next years, Unilever will give priority to collaborating with stakeholders, recognizing the
crucial role it plays in tackling various sustainability problems. Unilever’s transformational
change initiatives will help support the systemic adjustments needed to address complex
social and environmental concerns [41]. The administrators of Unilever’s salesforce are
committed to reducing the environmental effect of their department, as part of one of the
company’s transformative change efforts, which are based on the concepts of ESG and
AI. This aligns with the organization’s position as a vendor of software that operates on
cloud-based platforms [38,41]. Therefore, to accomplish the goal of using 100% renewable
energy and achieving net-zero carbon emissions, the company has implemented stringent
requirements. Salesforce’s ranking demonstrates that digital innovation may promote eco-
logical responsibility via the prioritization of energy-efficient practices and the promotion
of renewable energy projects.
Moreover, to obtain a full grasp of the current status of the field and its potential
for long-term sustainability, the objective of producing a thematic map was performed
(Figure 4). With the use of visual representations, thematic maps illustrate the spatial
distribution and patterns of a specific subject or topic within a particular geographical area.
Through the evaluation of these maps, researchers and decisionmakers have the potential
to identify trends, disparities, and potential areas for change. In addition, understanding
the current state of the industry, as well as its potential for financial success, may assist
in guiding strategic planning and resource allocation to ensure the industry’s continued
growth and success. The process of identifying themes using clusters of writers’ keywords
and their interrelationships is called thematic analysis. These topics are distinguishable
from others by their characteristics, namely their density, and centrality. Whereas the
horizontal axis reflects centrality, the vertical axis shows density in the context of the graph.
The term “centrality” describes the degree to which different themes are connected, while
“density” measures the degree to which the nodes are cohesive. The degree to which
specific topics are sufficiently developed and meaningful may be evaluated based on only
these two characteristics. Within the topic network, nodes with more connections
Sustainability 2024, 16, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 ofare
20
considered to have a higher centrality and relevance, placing them in a position of critical
importance within the network.
Figure 4. Thematic map. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.

Figure 4. Thematic map. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.
Similarly, the degree of cohesiveness inside a node, which indicates the concentration
Similarly, the degree of cohesiveness inside a node, which indicates the concentration
of a study subject, defines the node’s capacity to develop further and sustain itself. In Fig-
of a study subject, defines the node’s capacity to develop further and sustain itself. In
ure 4, a4,thematic
Figure map
a thematic is shown
map thatthat
is shown highlights the the
highlights sphere of digital
sphere transformation
of digital in the
transformation in
boardroom and its effect on the corporation’s mission. The thematic map is
the boardroom and its effect on the corporation’s mission. The thematic map is divideddivided into
fourfour
into quarters, referred
quarters, to astoQ1
referred asthrough Q4. Q4.
Q1 through
The motor themes are described in the quadrant placed in the upper right corner
(Q1), while the basic themes are discussed in the quadrant placed in the lower right corner
(Q4). The quadrant in the upper left corner (Q2) relates to the more niche themes, while
the quadrant in the lower left corner (Q3) relates to themes that are either emerging or
declining. Boardrooms are increasingly expected to prioritize cybersecurity, particularly
in digital transformation. The notion of “dynamic detection” illustrates the need to safe-
The motor themes are described in the quadrant placed in the upper right corner (Q1),
while the basic themes are discussed in the quadrant placed in the lower right corner (Q4).
The quadrant in the upper left corner (Q2) relates to the more niche themes, while the
quadrant in the lower left corner (Q3) relates to themes that are either emerging or declining.
Boardrooms are increasingly expected to prioritize cybersecurity, particularly in digital
transformation. The notion of “dynamic detection” illustrates the need to safeguard against
all cyber threats. Company boardrooms are increasingly concerned about cybersecurity
and the associated dangers [11,42]. The frequency of notable data breaches in recent
years, including cyber risk incidents, has resulted in several business crises. Corporate
governance now necessitates boards to hold CEOs responsible for cybersecurity and cyber
risks, perhaps resulting in legal repercussions or undergoing regulatory scrutiny. Thus,
implementing a dynamic detection system would effectively reduce this kind of danger
and provide a sense of security among the board members.
Furthermore, by eradicating cyberattacks and implementing a detection-oriented
strategy, the company could redefine its objectives strategically. Critical elements of an
effective dynamic threat detection method are ensuring the safe digital transformation of
the boardroom, aggressively combating risks, and enabling board members to identify and
address dynamic threats efficiently. Furthermore, each department needs to provide a dis-
tinct security vulnerability [43,44]. Administrative departments often encounter deliberate
phishing attacks. Upon identifying the security vulnerabilities across the organization, lead-
ers should effectively explain the need to practice proper hygiene in certain circumstances.
Therefore, the boardroom should consider that the dynamic detection approach operates
similarly to the progressive accumulation of momentum experienced by a snowball as
it rolls downhill. Once each department acquires a more profound comprehension of its
responsibilities in safeguarding the organization, it will adopt enhanced procedures.
Moreover, optimization is often used in specific domains. Efficiently optimizing IT is
crucial for organizations of all scales, regardless of their size, whether small, medium, or
large. Optimizing promptly allows for the satisfaction of increasing organizational needs,
fosters innovation, and facilitates advancement. Implementing a strategic IT management
system is dependable and efficient to improve organizational operations. The task may be
accomplished by an internal IT department or by engaging an external outsourcing com-
pany. Effective management often entails the meticulous selection of staff, the exploitation
of state-of-the-art technology, and the implementation of streamlined processes to ensure
organizational consistency [45,46]. Efficiently improving the current IT infrastructure and
optimizing the use of cloud services are often crucial measures in strategic IT management.
It enables the establishment of a solid basis for future accomplishments. No universally
effective method for strategic IT management can address all difficulties and adequately
prepare a firm for market fluctuations.
Nevertheless, a well-defined methodology exists that has four essential elements. The
system has sufficient flexibility to cater to various industries, organizational scales, and
objectives. The four essential components include assessing the existing IT infrastructure,
establishing strategic goals and objectives, formulating an action plan, and periodically
assessing and modifying the IT strategy. By adhering to this procedure, organizations may
guarantee that their IT administration aligns with their company goals and can efficiently
react to evolving market circumstances [45]. This method enables firms across diverse
sectors, regardless of their scale and objectives, to efficiently oversee their IT assets and
maintain competitiveness in the contemporary digital environment. According to the
thematic map’s results, gender is not a significant factor in the digital transformation of the
boardroom and its influence on the corporate mission. The idea of gender is subordinate
to the motor, indicating that it is a relatively insignificant issue in comparison to the
prominent concern about cybersecurity among board members in the context of digital
transformation [47–49].
5. Discussion
In the dynamic and ever-changing landscape of the modern corporate world, where
maximal productivity and innovative thinking are of the uttermost importance, the board-
room serves as the central center for the discussion and eventual determination of strategic
decisions. The technology employed in boardrooms has evolved from traditional paper-
based methods to more contemporary digital alternatives to enhance communication,
collaboration, and overall efficiency in corporate environments [34,48,50,51]. The substan-
tial contribution that this event has made was the sole reason for the realization of these
innovations. This article examines the significance of technology in boardrooms, with a
particular emphasis on its ability to enhance efficiency, facilitate informed decision-making,
and offer a competitive advantage. In the current fast-paced business environment, effi-
ciency is a critical factor in preserving a competitive edge over other enterprises [31,52].
The utilization of state-of-the-art technology in boardrooms enables the board to conduct
meetings more efficiently and effectively, thereby freeing up additional time for the board to
focus on making critical strategic decisions. Additionally, technology enables the exchange
and analysis of data in real time, thereby providing board members with the necessary
information to make well-informed decisions. Ultimately, the utilization of technology in
the boardroom has the potential to offer businesses a competitive edge by streamlining
procedures and fostering collaboration among committee members [31,53].
The ability to promptly acquire essential information is of the utmost significance in a
dynamic business environment. Executives can promptly access the most recent market
trends, financial reports, and data through the technology utilized in boardrooms. As a
result, the utilization of data to make informed decisions is rendered more manageable,
and it guarantees that board members have access to the most recent information to make
decisions that positively impact the firm’s development. The necessity of exceptional com-
munication is another factor that contributes to the success of organizations. Technology in
the boardroom enhances communication among board members, facilitating uninterrupted
collaboration, irrespective of their geographical location. Technologies such as video con-
ferencing, collaborative document editing, and virtual meeting technology may facilitate
communication among board members [54]. This can lead to a more profound sense of
engagement and connection. Furthermore, each organization prioritizes its security and
compliance components. Boardroom technology resolves these challenges by integrating
rigorous security measures, including secure document-sharing platforms and encrypted
communication channels. Not only does this measure safeguard sensitive information, but
it also ensures that the company adheres to the industry’s established norms and standards.
Furthermore, the implementation of a paperless boardroom not only improves the efficacy
of governance activities but also has a positive impact on the environment. The risk of
information loss is reduced by reducing the reliance on physical papers using digital board
portals and electronic document management systems.
Furthermore, these systems offer a centralized location for essential documents, meet-
ing minutes, and regulations. To compound the situation, individuals must have the
necessary skills to analyze data and assess a variety of strategic options to make informed
evaluations. Executives are equipped with the tools required to conduct scenario analysis,
identify hazards, and devise solutions with technologies in boardrooms. Board members
have the potential to acquire significant insights into the dynamics of the market, the
tactics employed by competitors, and the metrics used to evaluate internal performance by
utilizing sophisticated analytics and visualization technologies [53]. By doing so, they can
make strategic decisions that will push the organization’s success.
Consequently, the present investigation concentrates on the initial identification of re-
search trends regarding the digitalization of the executive and its influence on the corporate
objective. To address the research question, a bibliometric analysis was implemented to
evaluate 205 published research articles. The data were obtained from the Scopus database
between 2009 and 2023 and analyzed using R studio and the bibliometric software Bib-
lioshiny and VOSviewer. The results demonstrate the rapid expansion of publications
concerning the digital transformation of the boardroom and its influence on corporate
objectives [55,56]. The study field is primarily populated by Chinese and Indian researchers
and affiliations, which suggests that they have a high level of specialization and expertise in
corporate governance and technology-related issues [30,31]. The current research has also
revealed a critical finding: the imminent necessity for board members to safeguard their
data and strategic plans, which are characterized by high sensitivity levels, and the empha-
sis on cybersecurity. Consequently, dynamic detection is one of the most critical strategic
assets that a business and its board members require to combat intrusions. Consequently,
the boardroom must establish a strategic plan that encompasses all of the elements that
have been identified as the most critical for ensuring the corporation’s data and purpose,
in accordance with the aforementioned. In particular, the purpose of a company should be
meticulously safeguarded from any potential threats, as it delineates the value it intends to
generate for its stakeholders. In this instance, the objective is to establish a unified system
of stakeholders who are dedicated to the pursuit of the company’s objectives for the mutual
advantage of all parties. The purpose of a company is typically strengthened by successful
innovations, such as the digitalization of the boardroom, which necessitate the creation
of value for multiple stakeholders [44,45]. Unfortunately, weaknesses of the innovation
systems lose sight of their ultimate purpose and turn a single stakeholder metric into the
primary strategic goal.
To prevent any potential peril or factor that could impede the digitization of the
boardroom and have a detrimental effect on the corporation’s purpose, executives should
develop and execute an effective plan [34]. One example of such a strategic plan is described
below and comprises six primary components. To become more scalable and inventive, the
first step is to build a Business-Led Digital Roadmap. This includes the addition of a digital
leader, the creation of digital literacy, the assessment of services and business processes,
the examination of client touchpoints, and the use of better talent acquisition methods as
well as accelerated automation capabilities [57–59]. The second phase aims to enhance
the talent strategy by incorporating automation specialists who possess a comprehensive
understanding of the business, in addition to maintaining a high level of instruction for
associates. The subsequent phase involves the development of an Automated Operating
Model that incorporates supplementary capabilities, including document automation,
automated practice protocols, and summarization. These capabilities will enable the
establishment of persistent monetization streams and client relationships, the enhancement
of accuracy and speed, and the ability to price services based on value rather than time [50].
Furthermore, by employing a data repository and reusable building blocks, a competitive
advantage can be achieved by leveraging technology and data to establish a more seamless
connection with significant consumers. Finally, the practice’s capabilities, the ability to
serve a greater number of customers, and the acceleration of profitability can be achieved
through a dynamic and perpetually expanding strategic platform.
However, the integration of ESG and AI can cause some challenges to businesses.
While there are notable benefits to incorporating AI into ESG operations, it is crucial to
acknowledge the considerable dangers associated with it, especially given the ongoing
worldwide movement toward regulating AI. President Biden’s executive order in the
United States has increased awareness of the possible dangers related to data privacy,
disinformation, inequality, bias, and discrimination, all of which are covered by the ESG
framework. An inherent danger that may arise from the convergence of ESG and AI inside
a firm is the possibility of unauthorized access to critical data. Dealing with huge datasets
may lead to the unintentional exposure of sensitive information, including customer and
corporate data. These threats may include identity theft, financial criminality, and the loss
of public trust. We will now conduct a comprehensive analysis of the existing presidential
directive, which has placed a high emphasis on safeguarding privacy and ensuring the
security of data. Furthermore, the problem of accountability problems may provide an
additional obstacle. The task of assigning responsibility becomes complex when choices
powered by artificial intelligence have negative ESG consequences, hence complicating the
legal and ethical need to hold someone accountable.
Considering the cutting-edge strategic plan put forth by the current research, our
forthcoming research plans entail assessing the performance of board members following
their transition to digital platforms, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the corporate
mission after the integration of emerging technologies in the boardroom. Furthermore, the
assessment of its efficiency score relies on many ESG factors and incorporates multicriteria
analysis in our research roster as well.
6. Conclusions
It has the potential to considerably impact both the commercial sector and society, as
indicated by recent advancements in artificial intelligence. Organizations will be assessed
on their capacity to effectively manage risks and leverage the benefits of yet another
revolutionary technology. Furthermore, these test cases will serve as evidence of the
corporate directors’ commitment to multi-stakeholder capitalism and ESG standards. One
of the primary objectives of this investigation was to identify the initial research patterns
that are relevant to the integration of ESG principles with emergent technologies. The
goal was to enable executives and board members to assess the impact of digitalization on
company objectives and gradually implement it. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of
205 academic papers to further investigate the subject.
The findings suggest a significant increase in the quantity of articles that concentrate
on the influence of AI on corporate objectives and in the boardroom. Organizations
must also consider ESG to guarantee sustainable continuity, despite the importance of
developing technologies such as AI. The study’s findings demonstrate that ESG thinking is
not a passing fad. Initially, it requires a change in perspective that challenges traditional
corporate practices. A substantial number of shared concepts are incorporated into ESG
thinking, which can be employed to encourage the adoption of responsible corporate
behaviors and sustainable innovation. The ESG statement acknowledges that sustainability
challenges are primarily rooted in human challenges and underscores the importance of
executives collaborating to capitalize on new technology, such as AI.
Additionally, the research demonstrates that AI is indispensable for the seamless
transition of organizations to ESG. Boards should utilize technology to quantify, moni-
tor, and disclose ESG data. Digital solutions, including blockchain-enabled supply chain
transparency and AI-powered data analytics, empower committees to make well-informed
decisions. Businesses are proactively integrating cybersecurity into their strategies to pro-
tect critical ESG data. No, ESG and digital activities are not separate pathways; rather, they
intersect and mutually reinforce one another. Digital transformations can be employed to
effectively implement ESG initiatives. Consequently, digital transformation is not solely
a technological phenomenon in the modern interconnected society; it is a driving force
behind social accountability, environmental preservation, and sustainable development.
Organizations not only prosper but also have a beneficial influence on the world when
digital transformation is in alignment with ESG principles. The future of boards is contin-
gent upon the integration of ESG principles. It does not pose a challenge or inconvenience;
rather, it poses an opportunity to capitalize on. By incorporating sustainability, innovation,
compliance, and digitization into their fundamental values, organizations can assume a
leadership role in the development of a fair and robust world. As members of the board, we
should guide our organizations by the compass of ESG principles as we navigate unfamiliar
territory. The expedition is certain to present obstacles; however, the goal ensures a more
auspicious future.
Funding: This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the
corresponding author, upon reasonable request.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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sustainability

1 Department of Business Administration, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;

Sustainability 2024, 16, 7154. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167154 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

2. ESG Principles for AI Governance: A Path Forward for Businesses

critical. A commitment to genuine sustainability, transparency, and ongoing development is

The Role of AI in ESG

matter of technological adoption; it also requires cultural adaptation. The implementation

3. Data and Research Methodology

Step Keyword Search

Additionally, Figure 2 depicts the five-step procedure of the bibliometric analysis.

The role of Artificial Intelligence to the Corporate Purpose and Strategic

Total number of documents that Records removed before the

Scopus database search Duplicate records deleted

Records screened for all Documents that have been

Reports evaluated for eligibility

Documents that are incorporated

into the bibliometric analysis

Additionally, Figure 2 depicts the five-step procedure of the bibliometric analysis.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.

Table 3. Top 10 journals in terms of the quantity of publications. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.

Journals Articles H-Index Subject Area CABS List Scimago List

Table 4. Top 10 publications based on the number of citations. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.

Related Publications Citations

Furthermore, the authors have provided an improved explanation of the concept

Table 5. Top 10 affiliations based on the number of publications. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.

Affiliations Country Articles

Figure 4. Thematic map. Source: Scopus/Bilioshiny.

Funding: This research received no external funding.

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