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Micro Electronics Assessors Guide

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8 views6 pages

Micro Electronics Assessors Guide

Uploaded by

mateisilas64
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 6

MICRO ELECTRONICS

CEE MOD II
NOV 2024
Time: 2 hours

ENDEBESS TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE


CRAFT IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
(POWER OPTION)
END TERM EXAMINATION NOVEMBER SERIES 2024
MODULE II

ASSESSORS GUIDE

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Question 1
a) Describe the three main components of a microprocessor
Control Unit (CU):
Directs operations of the processor.
Decodes instructions from memory and controls data flow between the CPU and peripherals.
Manages the execution of instructions in the proper sequence.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):
Performs arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Executes logical operations like AND, OR, NOT, and XOR.
Acts as the computational core of the microprocessor.
Registers:
Temporary storage units within the CPU.
Holds data, addresses, or intermediate results during program execution.
Includes general-purpose (e.g., AX, BX in x86) and special-purpose registers (e.g., Instruction
Pointer).

b) Explain the importance of the following pins on the Intel 8085 microprocessor
ALE (Address Latch Enable):
A signal used to separate the multiplexed address and data lines.
Enables the external latch to capture the lower-order address (AD0-AD7) during the initial phase
of a memory access cycle.
READY:
Synchronizes the processor with slower peripherals.
When READY = 0, the processor waits (holds) until the device is ready to send or receive data.
Ensures no loss of data due to mismatched speeds.

c) State two advantages of assembly language over high-level language programming

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Efficiency: Programs in assembly language are faster and smaller since they are closer to
machine code.
Control: Provides precise control over hardware and resources, making it ideal for low-level
programming like device drivers.
d) Write an assembly language program to add two decimal numbers (36748 and 38117)
Assumptions:

Numbers are stored in BCD format at the memory locations starting from 3500H and 3502H.
Result stored in BCD at 3504H.
Program:
Copy code
LXI H, 3500H ; Load memory address 3500H into HL
MOV A, M ; Load the lower byte of 36748 into A
INX H ; Increment HL to point to the next byte
MOV B, M ; Load the upper byte of 36748 into B
INX H ; Point to 3502H (start of 38117)
MOV C, M ; Load the lower byte of 38117 into C
INX H ; Point to next byte
MOV D, M ; Load the upper byte of 38117 into D
; Add lower bytes
MOV A, B
ADD C
DAA ; Adjust for BCD addition
MOV E, A ; Store the result in E
; Add upper bytes with carry
MOV A, D
ADC B
DAA ; Adjust for BCD addition
MOV F, A ; Store the result in F

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; Store result at 3504H
LXI H, 3504H
MOV M, E ; Store lower byte of result
INX H
MOV M, F ; Store upper byte of result
HLT ; Stop execution

Question 2
a) Define the following with respect to memories:
Volatile Memory:
Requires power to maintain stored information.
Data is lost when the power is turned off.
Examples: RAM (Random Access Memory).
Random Access:
Each memory location can be accessed directly and independently.
Access time is constant regardless of the physical location of data.
Examples: RAM and ROM.
Address:
A unique identifier for each memory location.
Used by the CPU to locate and interact with data stored in memory.
b) Draw a schematic block diagram to show how a 64K x 8 PROM can be realized from two
32K x 8 PROM chips
Steps for Design:
Each 32K x 8 chip can address 32K locations (0000H–7FFFH or 8000H–FFFFH).
Use one additional control line to select which PROM chip to enable.
Address lines (A0–A14) connect directly to both chips, and A15 is used to toggle between the
chips.
Description:

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A15 = 0 → Enable PROM1 (first 32K).
A15 = 1 → Enable PROM2 (second 32K).
Diagram Elements:

Two 32K x 8 PROMs.


Address lines (A0–A15) from CPU.
A15 connected to a chip select logic circuit.

c) Assembly language program to add 16H to 32H and save result in register D
Program:
Copy code
MVI A, 16H ; Load 16H into Accumulator
ADI 32H ; Add 32H to A
MOV D, A ; Store the result in register D
HLT ; Stop execution
Question 3
a) Draw a labeled diagram of the general microprocessor architecture of Intel 8085
The diagram should include:
ALU
Control Unit
Registers (General and Special)
Data Bus
Address Bus
Clock Generator
Interrupt System
b) Explain the principle of operation of the following memories:
Sequential Memory:
Data is accessed in a sequential order.

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Access time depends on the position of the data.
Examples: Magnetic tapes and some older storage devices.
Read and Write Memory:
Data can be both read from and written to the memory.
RAM is a typical example.
Content Addressable Memory (CAM):
Searches for data by content rather than address.
Returns the address where the data is stored if matched.
Used in applications like caching and networking.

c) Determine the sending and receiving registers for the given instructions
MOV A, B:
Sending: B
Receiving: A
MOV B, D:
Sending: D
Receiving: B
MOV H, B:
Sending: B
Receiving: H

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