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    of 45

    STELLA MARIS POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

    Mother Patern College of Health Sciences


    UN Drive/Randall Street, Monrovia-Liberia
    
    Human Anatomy and Physiology (Zoology 101)
    
    
    INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
    
    ASc. Medical Laboratory
    
    
    
    Prepared by: Dr. Abraham G. Dayklee 
    Course Instructor/Lecturer
    
    SEPTEMBER 13, 2024
    Outline:
    • Anatomy and Physiology:
    ► Introduction to Anatomy and physiology
    ► Definition of Anatomy and physiology
    ► Structural level of organism
    ► Characteristics of Living Organism
    ► Basic Requirements if Living Organism
    ► Overview of body systems
    ► Anatomical positions
    ► Body cavities
    ► Hemeostasis
    Objectives:
    • Upon completion, one should be able to;

    ► Define anatomy, physiology, hemeostasis


    ► Outline the structural organization or level of organism
    ► Discuss the characteristics of living organism
    ► Outline the basic requirements of living organisms
    ► State the major dividions of anatomy and phsiology
    ► List the body systems and thier major organs
    ► Identify anatomical position and plans
    ► Name and locate body cavities
    Introduction: Anatomy and Physiology

    • Anatomy is the study of structure ( form, shape, size ) and


    interrelationship of structures within the human body.

    • Aristole was the first person to used the term ' anatome', a
    Greek word meaning 'Cutting up or Taking apart' ( to take apart
    by cutting)

    • Human anatomy was taught in Greece by Hippocrates ( 460


    -377 BC) and is credited as the Father of Anatomy
    Introduction: Anatomy and Physiology

    • On the other hand, physiology is the study of the functions of


    living oraganism as a whole or its constituent parts - i.e, body
    functions and their control.

    • Physiology is also derived from a Greek root with Latin equivalent


    'physiolologia' which denotes 'Natural knowledge'

    • Who is considered the Father of Physiology ? Claude Bernard


    'Millieu interieue' - Hemeostasis - maintaining a stable internal
    environment for optimal cellular function
    Sub-Division of Anatomy
     Gross ( also called Macroscopic Anatomy)
    I. Surface anatomy - the study of the external anatomical
    features without dissection, i.e, projection of deeper
    structures on the skin

    II. Regional anatomy - it focuses on specific external and


    internal regions of the body (head, chest, abdomen) and
    how different systems work together in that region

    iii. Systemic anatomy - it studies the structures of various


    system of the body, such as respiratory system, nervous
    system etc
    Sub-Division of Anatomy

     Developmental Anatomy:

    I. Embryology - it studies the structural changes of an


    individual from fertilization to maturity;

    • the changes of cells, tissues, organs and the body as a


    whole undergo from germ cell of each parent to the
    resulting offspring
    Sub-Division of Anatomy

     Microscopic Anatomy:

    I. Cytology - the study of the structure and function of cells

    II. Histology - the study of the organization and details of


    biological tissues
     To be considered a living organism, below are eight (8) major
    characteristics that all living things should possess.
    Basic Requirements of Living Organisms:

    ► Sunlight/Temperatur
    e
    ► Water
    ► Air
    ► Food/Nutrients
    ► Habitat/
    Enviornment
    Thanks...
    References:
    References:

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