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10 views21 pages

Notes 16

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singhgarima1666
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Energy Conversion Systems

(ME341)
Date: 18th April 2024

Lecture-16
Boiler Mountings and Accessories
IIT (BHU), Varanasi

Dr. Akhilendra Pratap Singh


Department of Mechanical Engineering
IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
Email: [email protected]
Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)
Introduction of Boiler Mountings

 Boiler Mountings are the fittings, which are mounted on the boiler for its proper and safe
functioning, and also the control of steam generation.

Pressure gauge Blow-off cock Man and mud holes


Steam stop valve Feed check valve Water Gauge
Fusible plug Safety valves

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Water Gauge
 Function of water gauge is to indicate the level
of water constantly in the boiler, therefore it is
also called water level indicator.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Pressure Gauge

 Function of the pressure gauge is to indicate the steam pressure of the boiler
in the bar or kN/m2 or kPa gauge.
 The Gauge is normally mounted in front top of the shell or steam drum.
 The dial is guaranteed to read pressures in bar or Mpa gauge.
 Common type of pressure gauge is Bourdon pressure gauge.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Pressure Gauge

Working
 U tube syphon is exposed to atmosphere and there is no continuous flow of fluid in it.
 It contains condensed at fairly low temperature, though connected to steam space.
 When cock is opened to the boiler pressure gauge, steam pressure in the boiler presses
the water column in the U-Tube syphon, to the elliptical spring tube of the pressure
gauge.
 One end is fixed to the block, the free end moves and the link connected to it, moves the
quadrant which in turn meshes with the pinion and rotates it causing the pointer
to move on the graduated scale.
 The high temperature steam does not come in contact to the tube because induced
thermal stresses may spoil accuracy.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Steam Stop Valve
 Function of Steam Stop valve is to shut or regulate the flow of steam as per
requirement.
 Junction valves and stop valves are essentially the same; conventionally the smaller sizes
are called stop valves and large sizes are called junction valves.
 Valve is mounted on the topmost portion of the drum: Junction valve
 Valve is connected to the steam-pipe for regulating steam flow: Steam-stop valve.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Feed Check Valve
 Function of feed-check valve is to allow feed water under pressure to be passed to
the boiler, but stop simultaneously, water escaping back.
 The purpose of one valve is to control the flow of water to the boiler or to stop it
completely.
 The purpose of the other valve, is automatic in operation, and prevents rushing back to
the boiler.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Blow Down Cock
 Function of the blow-down cock is to remove sludge/sediments collected at
the bottom most point in the water space of the boiler, while it is steaming.
 It is used for complete draining of the boiler, So the device is placed on the
blow-down pipe.
 When more than one boilers are working, and they drain in the same waste-pipe
line, an isolating valve is necessary to prevent the discharge of one boiler, from
entering into the other.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Fusible Plug
 Function of the fusible plug is to protect the fire box
crown plate, or the fire tube from burning, when the
level of water in the water shell falls abnormally low .
 It consists of a hollow gun metal body, screwed into
the fire-box crown.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Safety Valves: Dead Weight Safety Valve
 Function of the safety valve is to prevent the steam
pressure in the boiler exceeding the desired rated
pressure.
 As the rated pressure exceeds, the valve
automatically opens and discharges steam to the
atmosphere till the pressure falls back to the normal
rated one.
 Here, the steam pressure in the upward direction
is balanced by the downward force of the dead
weights acting on the valve.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Spring Loaded Safety Valve

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Boiler Accessories

 Boiler accessories are the devices which are used as integral parts of a boiler, and
help in running efficiently.

Pressure Reducing Valve Steam Trap Steam Separator


Economizer Air Pre-heater Injector

Pressure Reducing Valve

 It maintains constant pressure on the delivery side of the


pipe line, with fluctuating boiler pressure.
 It is connected to the steam supply pipe line.
 It works on the principle of variable degree of throttling
of steam, in its passage through it.
 Steam at high pressure enters through the steam inlet
flange, passes through the valve A and supplies through
the steam outlet flange.
Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)
Thermal Power Plants

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Energy Saving Techniques

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Economizer
 Function of the economizer is to recover some
heat from that carried away by flue gases up the
chimney and utilize for heating the feed water to
boiler.
 It is placed in the passage of flue gases in between
the exit from the boiler and the entry to the
chimney.
 Its use, economize the use of fuel and steaming
rate is increased.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Air Pre-heater

 Function of the air pre-heater is to recover some portion of heat from the waste
furnace gases (exhaust) and transfer the heat to the air, before it passes into the
furnace for combustion.
 It is installed between the economizer and the chimney.
 The air is passed through the tubes of pre-heater internally, where as hot flue gases are
passed over the tubes.
 There are commonly two types of pre-heater
Recuperative type air pre-heater
Regenerative type air pre-heater

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Superheaters
 In superheaters, the wet or saturated dry
steam is superheated by increasing steam
temperature above its saturation
temperature.
 The superheater is installed in the path of flue
gases after the furnace. Sometimes, for bigger
boilers, the superheater may be placed in an
independent fire furnace.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Feed Pump
 Function of the feed pump is to pump
water to the water space of the boiler .
 There are many types of feed pumps,
rotary or reciprocating.
 Rotary pumps are driven by electric
motors, while reciprocating pumps are
mostly run continuously by steam from
the same boiler.
 Duplex feed pump (double acting
pump) are commonly used for medium
sized boilers.

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Steam Separators

The function of steam trap is to drain off partial condensed water from steam pipes
without allowing the steam to escape through it.
It is arranged in the steam pipe near the engine or the turbine.

Cyclone Separator

Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)


Energy Conversion Systems (ME341)

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