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Signals Computing Assignment 2 Deepan Final

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Signals Computing Assignment 2 Deepan Final

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deepanryan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Signal Processing Computing Assignment: 2

Music Synthesis with Fourier Series

Deepan N Balaji (23B3916)

25th October, 2024

Question 1 and 2
To synthesize a sinusoid of a given frequency and experiment with adding harmonics, we can break the
task into two parts:

1. Synthesizing a Sinusoid in the given frequency (F0 ))range of 100Hz - 400Hz

The mathematical expression for generating a sinusoidal waveform is:

x(t) = A · sin(2πf t + ϕ)

Where:
• A is the amplitude of the sinusoid (A1 = 1)
• f is the frequency in hertz (F0 = 200 Hz)
• t is time
• ϕ is the phase (Inital phase = 0)
This waveform can be created in Python by leveraging the NumPy library.

2. Transform the waveform by blending in harmonics


Harmonics, which are multiples of the fundamental frequency F0 , can be used to build complex wave-
forms. Varying their amplitudes and phases allows us to shape the waveform. The harmonic series can
be written as:

x(t) = A1 · sin(2π(F0 )t) + A2 · sin(2π(2F0 )t + ϕ2 ) + A3 · sin(2π(3F0 )t + ϕ3 ) + . . .


Where A1 , A2 , A3 , . . . are the amplitudes, and ϕ1 , ϕ2 , ϕ3 , . . . are the phases of each harmonic.

1
3. Main Features of the Code
• Sinusoid generation: The initial sinusoidal waveform is derived from numpy.sin().
• Harmonics: New harmonics with different parameters are incorporated.
• Graphing and Audio Playback: Using Matplotlib, waveforms are plotted, and audio is gen-
erated to assess changes in timbre
• Fourier Transform: The fft function from scipy.fftpack is used to compute the magnitude
spectrum.

Figure 1: The Code

2
Figure 2: Two harmonics

4. Observations
• Waveform: The inclusion of harmonics makes it more complex and enhances its timbre
• Magnitude Spectrum: The fundamental frequency F0 remains the same, with peaks appearing
at harmonics (e.g., 2F0 , 3F0 , . . .).

Experimenting with Timbre


By changing parameters, we can create waveforms to sound like various instruments. Adding more
harmonics makes the sound better, with stronger peaks in the magnitude spectrum.

Question 3
To generate a song from given notes and durations, the process can be broken down as follows:

Steps
1. Note Generation: For each note, generate a sinusoidal waveform of the specified frequency and
duration.
2. Concatenation: Combine all the notes to form the complete song.

3. Save as Audio file: Save the final waveform as a .wav file.

Figure 3: First Song - We Shall Overcome

3
Figure 4: Second Song - My Heart Will Go On

Key Components of the Code


• generate tone Function: This function creates a sinusoidal waveform for each note according to
its frequency and duration.

• Concatenation: The waveforms of each note are joined together to form a continuous piece of
music.
• Normalization: The resulting waveform is normalized to avoid clipping.

• Saving as .wav: The final waveform is saved in a 16-bit PCM .wav file format.

How It Works
• A sine wave is generated for each note based on its frequency and duration.

• The sine waves are combined in sequence to create the complete song.
• The final output is exported as a .wav file, making it playable on any media player.

Google Drive Link


https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Ch19kLuhlcHKI3tUqzC4Oc4nAEikA4TB?usp=sharing

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