i THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES | DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS “7 TUTORIAL, — MAL10-Mathematical Methods 2014 i BINARY OPERATIONS 1. Define an operation *on the set of real numbers by axb=b? > i). Is a binary operation on the set of real numbers ? Give reason for your ! Answer! ii). Is the operation commutative?“ iii). Evaluate (3 + 2) « +2 - Consider the binary operation ab =a+b+ ab, where aand b ere real numbers. i). | Compute 14(2*3) and (1*2)*3 ii). ls * commutative? Justify your answer 3. Let ''*’ be & binary operation on the set’ of real numbers defined by atb=-zb , Where a and b are real numbers ‘). | Is * commutative on real number? Justify your answer. ii), | Find ~1 + (4+ 9) I 4. Deterinine whether the following operations are binary on the set of Inatienal numbers v ®). Adition (1 (). Multiplication [x] (@). Subtraction [=] ¥ ten Justify your answers, = % $a) Determine whether the binary operation + defined is commutative and whether « is "associative '} edefined on Z by lettinga*b = a—b + defined on @ by letting a+ b = ab-+1 * defined on Q by letting a + b defined on Z*by letting a» b = + defined on Z*by leiting a * b b) Determine whether the definition of + does give a binary operation on the set and give a | reason why.| GRoup 4 edt soy | i) lon Z* define « by letting ab i) fon Z* define + by letting a+ b i) OM define byletting a+ jv) [OnQ,define by letting a = nd a/b vy fen Z* define « by lettinga*b = a/b $6 Net BB | | 6. a) Abinary ae ‘is defined on the set of real — as follows: é oa -atb=2"+b, a,beR | wl a the operation + commutative? if not give a counter example. ¢ Gi) Find the value of ~1#(0+i) and (-1+0)#1, and state whether * is — doeenehee 28886 b) State whether each of the following operation is a binary operation on Z, the set of Y, integers, where a and 6 are integers: @ — a*b=3a-6 Gi) atb=(ab) Gil) aeb=Va-b ©) Bach of the following operations in I, Il, Ill, IV, V is a binary operation on R L (a + bXa~b) Ik a*b=ab fe om =2 IV: atb=at2bV: atb=a+b-ab . | a)! Determine which ones are commutative and / or associative. » b); For each of the operations I, II, Il, IV and V, evaluate 3*(7*4) 4 Given the gets X= (0, 1} and Y= (0, 1,2}, (@ Determine whether each of the following operations +,—,x,+ isa | binary operation on X and on Y. (ii) Also check whether each of the operations is commutative or associative. 7. Tet atu) and B=(3,4,5) be two set List the element of A x B and x A. State if AXB#BXA? SKETCHING i 1 a) Skatch the following curves and indicate clearly the points of intersection with the axes: y =@=DE-DE+D y= @+YA-NE+3) ii) f=xe+D@-) | Wy =x@x- +3) bb) Sketch the curves with the following equation: Dy =@#IK=1 y= @+2—-1" % a y= (@ertex iy =x2(x-2) c) Factories the following equations and then sketch the curves Dy=xd4x2—2x il) y= x34 Sx2 pax ily =x-x3 iy = 12x38 4), Sketch the following curves and show their positions relative to the curve eyedG fxy 6 GROUP A | fn e x2 i) y= x) Gi) y=-@ 42 iy) y = (+2)? €). Sketch the following and indicate the coordinates ofthe points where the curves cross the axes: »? dy=@+py iy=G-x? itty=-(e-3) wy) y= (x42)? f). Apply the following transformation to the curves with equations y = f(x) where; OF@SH GMF@=x* Gi) Fe) =F I each casé state the coordinates of points where the curves cross the axes and in (Iii )state the i uations f any asymptotes. 9 (E+) ¥) f@)+2 Ofe-1) OsQ)-1 £8. Apply the following transformation tothe curves with equations y = f(x) where: D@=x2 i) Fe)=x* itty Tn each case show both f(x) and the transformation on the same diagram. (8) £22) IFEX) (2K) (8) 4FG) (137) 2. Sketch the folldwing rational functions: Dye i @=22 it~ =52, Ww se) = 22 wre) = Be wire = 2 vip fo) = 25 wun poy = 2 3. a) epee )f@)=1-VI=3R i f@)=VEFS typ) =14 iv) f@) = -V=EF3 WAG) =2+VRFZ vi) f= | vil) (@) = V=2e47 +3 vill), f(x) =V=XF3+1 villi) ((@)=2+3V—"F1 ix) f(x) = 2V=xF7 B) Graph each of the following: ; +3 ifx2 ip f= { ifo «ip {0 = 4x 3,902) == 12. heres = 3x — 4 and g(x) = ax + b, find the conditions on a and b that guarantee that » F bo FN) *6°N®| ARavp 4 2B. are Zand g(2) = 2x-1. @Find Y ¢ g)(x) | Ga Brae wen aa egy tag tops 14, Werify that the two given functions are inverses of each other (DFG) =x +E and gf) =-2x+8 | Go F@) =x? + Land g(x) = Vx-7 | Gi) 7) = VEF=Forx 2 Oana 96 =et wy) F@) 2 — 4forx 2 O and g(x) = VEF4 forx 2 —4 i 15. Find ff vst ta (F « 8) = & and (f~* © f)(x) = (x) bre VE forx = 0 Gi) f(x) = $ for x #0 (iii) f(x) =3x-2 16. The function f(x) is defined by f(x) = 47-3 {x ER, x>0) 1 i) Find ¢-#(x) | | 17. State whether or not the following graphs represent functions. Give reasons for your answers and describe the type of the function. r ii) Sketch f-* (x) : iii) Find values of x such that f(x) = f-2(x) * ii) | 18. The following mappings f and g are defined on all the real numbers by | 4—x, x<4 af4-xx<4 | rer firs, x24 90) = (eye as4OOP 4 Explain why (2) isa function and 90 isnot. 19. State ite following functions is one to ose or many to one of @= ee for the domain (x > 0} ii) F@) = 8 +5 for the domain {x > 2 ii) F@) see? 7 forthe domain 2} 21. Find f+g, f-g, fg and £ jg ond dptermine their domain a) f@)=VE=T i 9@) = Wf) = VEFE , ge) = VERT _ i iti) f(x) =|x? —2x-24 , g(x) = Ve iv) Ff) =-6x-1, g(x) =-x-1 22) Find (fg) and (g°f)(x) Also specify ‘the domain for each. ) fet, g(x) = 2x47 if (x) = Vx—2, g(x) = 3x-1 a f= r = g(x) =2 WI@M=B. HE 23). Defermine as ‘the function is one-to-one . If it is,find the inverse and graph both the fanption and its inverse. @) f@)=x-2 W@= se wre) =VFFT mf@=5, y | f@ax2+3 wr@sr | 1estions on functions 24 . Determine the domain of the following fictions 9. 7G) ©. = ©. AG) =Ve=7 + VR | 4% ®.| f@)= ©. f= z 25. Graph the fiinction | 4x? , if xe. Fe) =|’ :h Rol P A : 26. Glven fe: “a y : |. Find the domain of f(x). Gi). Sketch the graph of f(x). Gi). Find the range of f(x) Sa | 21. Suppose @= | Find the domain of (2) ind the vertical asymptotes if any (ii). Find the horizontal asymptotes if any (iv). Sketch the graph. of f(x). zg 28. Sketch the raph of f(z) =|2x-+1]. On the same diagram sketch also the graph | | y of g(x) = YI=2x and, hence, find the values such that VI Zx > [2x +1] f y 29. Incach of the following determine whether f is even, odd or neither 1 i. pues @). (@axtx Gil). F@)=x?-x Gv). f@) =2-x | | 30. Given the fanetions f(x) = 3x41, h(x) =A,» a@) and k(x) = VE; | “ Find| Dd. Fog@ — @). GN) — Gi). KONE) Y-FlgK@O)] 31. IE f(@) = 3e—4 and g(z) = ax+b, ‘ind the conditions of a and b such + * faat (fog) ex) = (gof)(x). “If f@)=27.41 and g(x)=Ve=1. Find the domain and inverse of | Foss) and (of) —x and g(z) == , #3. Show that this function is its 32. I F@) 2 Is (Fog)(x) even, odd or neither. =| = yn inversh.5? | 4 Rov p 4a 5 MATH No Tuteriak fp | | THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS + TU’ rotuhe SHEET 4 MA110-Mathematical Methods ! 2014 re these expréssions completely: +8 (il) 10? ~ Sy (iil) 12x%y + Bxy* (iv) 6ab — 2ab? e ue Bx +12 iy 3x? + 10x —8 (iii) 9x? — 25y* (iv) 2x? -50 uadratic equations using factorization fied = 0, (ii)x?-4x—-12=0 (iii) x? +5x+4=0 iyo 4, Solve quadratic equations by completing the square. () 2x4]+ 2x45 =D Gi) Sx? +1 = 2x (iii) 10 = 3x — x? (iv) 4x? -x =8 5. Solve the following quadratic equations by using the quadratic formula, giving the solutions in \ Surd frm. Simplify your answers @ bye +2x4120 (ii) 7x? +9x41=0 1 6. Sketch|the graphs of the following equations © YRPH BHD Gi) y = x2 + Ox +7 il) FW) =x? 4245 iii) 4x? — 7x = | (iv) 25n? - 30n = ~9 Gv) fo) = 2x? bax 45 7, Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations: Dxty=6, x*i+y? = 26 Gi)x+2y=7, ae fetes + 12x +5 + p(x +q)*+r. Find the values of p,q andr ihd, as surds, the roots-of the equation: - (x + I(x — 4) - (x - 2)” equation px? ~ 2(p + 3)x +p ~ fp? itd the values pf k if the equation x? + (k — 2)x + 10 — k = 0 has equal roots Vhat is the largest value m can have ifthe roots of 3x? ~ 4x +m = Oare real ? = 0 can never have real roots . equation 2? ~ (p ~ 2)x + 1 = p(x — 2) is satisfied by only one value of x, at are the passible values of p hat type of roots does the equation Sx? ~ 3x + 1 = O have? 'k) |i) For what values of k will the x ~axis be a tangentto the curve | f@) =k ++ Kx tk | ! }) With these Values, find the equations of the curve i 0 jas real roots. What is the range of values11/9. Shows that the solution of ax? + bx +.¢ = O are x = EAE 10. a) Determine the! nature of the curves ,find the turning point and sketch the following @y=-242x-x? Gi) fG)=2x*-3x-4 (iil) F(®) = x? + 2x 3 pay (9) FG) = 52x 4x? mat b) b) Ifthe minimum values of x? + 4x + k is --7 , find the value of k. °) nie function f(x) = ax? + bx +c has a maximum value of 4'where x = —1. Fipd the value of a and b 4) The function f(x) = 1 + bx + ax? has a maximum value of 4 where x = Find the value of a and b { ¢) The function f(x) = ax? + bx-+c has a minimum value of 5% where x =i ahd f(0) = . Find the values of a,b and c. + 9 Cmplete the square for the following quadratic equations. In ¢ach case, state whether the function will have a greatest or least value, and the value of x where it occurs () tx tx? (il)x? 3x41 (li) 1 —3x— 2x? (iv) -P- 3x - 6x? ) Express 5 — x + 2x7 in the form a — b(x +c)? and hence of otherwise find its faximum valle dnd the value of x where this occurs a) Ifthe roots Of the equation ~2x? + 2x — 7 = 0 are y and A write down an equation # whose root} are 2 and 5 ‘b) The roots of the equation x? — px — 7 = 0 are « and f , write down in terms of p ; } an equation whose roots are_o?+ p «? and B? + pp? |) Epo) The roots of the equation 2x? + 6x — 15 = 0 are o and f-Find the value of rey io C +B(B+1) Gi) Bap? — Gi) (AP OY) SAG + ag vhee | Bb @y bys . : ree ga Wat 4 If. and Bare the roots of the equation x? + 4x +5 = 0, evaluate («2+ BF (id) t+ Bt = =] "y (v) «6+ Be wi) 3+ el ide to aa i: ¢) if a and f afe the roots of ax? + bx + ¢ = 0, Show that a+ B = wea | that af = £| Hence show that 2+ 6? = "255 and that a — B = fifa and are the roots of 3x? + 2x +5 = 0, Find new equations with the roots d W 34,3) n2, i Mage | 0 v|. 4, Use thie Rational ro POLYNOMIALS 1. a) Find the remainter when _ i) 423 — 5x? 4)7x +1 is divided by (x — 2) ii) S + 2x? —x—1 is divided by 3x + 2 i) x? — 20x + B is divided by (x ~ 4) i iv)! ~2n* + 2nt ~ n ~ S is divided by (n+ 2) 2, Express each of the q(x)isthe qu following polynomials in the form f(x) = g(x)q(x) + r(x) where ient and r(x) is the remainder when the polynomial f(x) is the dividend arid g(x) is the divisor Hi) St 6x + 7x? = 9X3 + 4 is divid iii) x —Bxt +x iv) x? — 8 is dividi "3, Using synthetic divi i) x3\— 2x7 4.9 i ii) x4 - 2x3 - 33? iii) 8x3 — 10x? + iv) $x6- 23 - 1) v) 4h? +3 isdi i) x9 - 4x7 48 ii) x8 - 10x - 1 iii) 2x5 — Sixt +| iv) x*- x3 is divided by x +1 led by 3x +2 Lis divided by (x — 1) d by x2 ision find the quotient and the remainder when divided by (x +2) ~ 4x — 8 is divided by (i) x+1 (ii) x 7x + 3 is divided by 2x — 1 is-divided by x +1 ded by x — 3 t theorem to solve the following equations Eo: 0 xe +x?-x+6=0 2 3x3 + 2x? +2x-4=0 v) x4 4+3x-230 vi) £5 + 2x4 — 243 + 52? — 2x-3=0 1 Verify fat the follawing equations have no Rational solutions. i) xf — 23 — 8x7 -3x+1=0 ji) xt + “e240 iii)2x* — 3x3 + Gx? - 24x +5 =0 wy iv) 3x — 4x3 — 10x? + 3x-4 ving fic) either by' directly i) fx) = Sx i» f (x) = 4x7 nfo = 55 7. Use the factor theo x-2 sia of iii) jis x — 3 a'fac Bet iv) |isx — 2a fal using synthetic division and the remainder theorem or by evaluating f(c) " 3-1 andc= “janden : + 2n" —n—-Sand 8t? + 9t-4andc=-5 to answer the following 4x-4? of 2x3 ~ 3x? — 10x +3? tor of x*—81 7 tor of x3 — iF@) i) ge)=x+2 H The expression when divided {fil Solve the equat ee | Vert ' 10. Factotize each of ii) 3x3 + 2x? ines -1 ; _ivyx# — 10x 1 4 11, Find the value(s) o} Bi) xB kx? +5: ii) kx? +°19x? 4 iii) k2x* + 3kx? iv) 8 + 4x? = 1 3 12A).i) Verify that x - iii)Verify that x Find f(c) | 8 Use synthetic division to show that g(x iv): Verify that x~ 13." The temainder and factor theorem are true for any complex value of c. | s a factor of f(x) and complete the factorization of F(x) = x3 + 7x? 44x -12 ii) @@)=x+4; f(%) = x3-2x7-7x-4 i) g@)=x-3; FQ) x3 — 174 — 5x +6 iv) a@) x— 3; FQ) = 2x3 + ¥ 61x +30 =) i) Let g(x) = x3 + ax? + 3x46. Gives g(—1) = 2, Find the remainder when g(x) is | divided by @x/—2). Ay divided by (x — 1) but leaves a remainder of 10 3x3 + 2x? -px+q by (x + 1). Find the Values of a and b. ion x? — 7x + 6 = 0| Hence state the solutionlof the equation (x-2)? -7@-2)+6=0 iv) Find the remainder in terms of p when x? + px? — x — 2 is divided by x + 3 Je following polynomials i) x3 - 2x? - 5x +6 =ax-2 k that makes the second polynomial a factor ofthe first thx-2 Hx-6; x+3 _ 4; x1 xtkixt2 Ly isa factor of x" — y" whenever n is a positive integer. Verify that x + 9 isa factor of x" — y" whenever n isan even positive integer. te y isa factor of x" + y" whenever n is an odd positive integer. 1is a factor of x" ~1 for all positive integral values of 1 a) by using synthetic division and the remainder theorem and i) ii) in) F(x) FO) FQ) ¢ vo E14. Given that 22°! |. of A, B and. LINEAR, QUADR| QUATIONS b)_ by evaluating F( 1) Show that x + 2i isa factor of f(x) = x* + 6x+8 i) Show that * c) directly. pS — Sx? 42x41 and =i b+ 2x? +x —2 and = 3i 24 4x—2ande= 3i isa factor of f(x) = x4 + 14x? +45 L +17x—5 = A(x—1)’ + Bx(x-1)+C for all values of x, find the values TIC AND RATIONAL INEQUALITIES ANDthe following equations Binz, Sete ) 247 =4 i) x7 1 aD 72 oh gets inte 2.: Solve each of the following equations ar 20 WaT 3. Solve each of the following equations f ny hm ee z Payne * Peeps ~ yy Na+ tly 24 5 = ag t Gana = Ses - the following equations! 40 ntan it) Shaax iv) ft +2¥e=VEFT SF 3=1 vi)p=/-4p+17+3 vii) 2x7 + VEF9 = VO—x viiW=2—VBEHTT = VE=S ix) V7 FTG =~ VIN FT = 2 |x) xt 25x72 +144 =0 2nt—9nt4t4= 0. xil)x/4x4-2=9 wii) 12e-2—-|7t-#-S=0 x? 44x —12=.0. w)x/s43x/5-10=0 wi) 24-11 +1 xii) x+3Vx-10=0 5: Sdlve each of the following inequalities, 7) 3s <1 ii 6. Fifa the set of ues of x for which | a3ks ii) Se46<-12-x fi) x(x) 234+x-x2 j iv) 2@-5) 23(4-) v) 1+11(2- x) < 10(%- 4) 7. Find the set of values of x for which 3(x-2) > x—4and 4x +12 >2x+17 15 ~x € 2(11 - x) and 5(3x — 1) > 12x +19 3x +8 € 20 and 23x-7) >x+6Find the set of v i) Ax? - 3x ii) x?@-x- notation. a EY 12. : Solve each notation ih [ela 7) ix) xii) |, | 14, The fange of the function y = ae of x for which 24<0 > x?— 11x ii 9. Fijd the set of values of x for which ii) x? +7x4+122>0 » x(x +11) < 3(1- x?) i) x? 7x4 10 <0 and 3x45 <17 1<0 ard 4(x +2) <15-(x+7) > Oand 10-2x <5 » |-4n +5] = |-3n - 5] ‘| iv): x? — 2x -13 < O and x? — 3 +2>0 ‘10: Solve each of the following inequalities, expressing the set of sotjon sets in interval ya, Solve e each of the following equations 2 i) fry x+l fe vii) 2 fiy|2x- 1) $7 x) Wet te—ai |x—1)-1 113. On the same diagtam, draw the graphs of y = [3x] and F =2.s x53, Hénce solve the equation [3x] ' - Widest Possible omain? tal 15 Redefine each of the ‘graph of eac! i) fF) = -2|Sx ! 16. Sketdh the followis L 4) +3 function: ii)A(x) = [3x + 1] + [2x — 3] (iii) k(x) = |2x- 1) - ii) f(x) = |x? +5x44/- iii) [3x +1 iii) [t-3) 45 = |x-3}. iii) 11 xiii) [3x 4 1] < [4 —2x| |x ~'3| for the domain jx — 1| is O < y <3. Finda possible domain, What is the the following modulus functions by removing the modulus, hence sketch lx +2] 1g modulus functions and determine their domain and range iii) f@) = |-3x? -2x +1] +1VW) f() = |-x? + 2x45] -1 vi) f(x) = [-3x+1)4+1 Ix? +25 6|-3 i if) =