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Interference Class 2

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7 views

Interference Class 2

Class

Uploaded by

akteruzzamankhanudoy79
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NEWTON’S RINGS

CONDITION FOR BRIGHT AND DARK RINGS


The optical path difference between the rays is given by Δ = 2μt cos r – λ/2. Since μ = 1
for air and cos r =1 for normal incidence of light,
Δ = 2t − λ / 2
Intensity maxima occur when the optical path difference Δ = m λ. If the difference in the
optical path between the two rays is equal to an integral number of full waves, then the
rays meet each other in phase. Thus, if
2t – λ/2 = mλ
2t =(2m+1)λ / 2 (for brightness)
bright fringe is obtained.
Similarly for the dark fringes
2t − λ / 2 = (2m + 1) λ / 2
2t = mλ (for darkness)
Circular Fringes

Why Circular?
Radii of Dark Fringes
Spacing between Fringes
Dark Central
Spot
The optical path difference is given by
Δ = 2t – λ/2.
At the point of contact ‘O’ of the lens and glass
plate, the thickness of air film is negligibly small
compared to a wavelength of light.
∴t≅0
∴Δ≅λ/2
Thus, the superposing waves are out of step by λ/2
which is equivalent to a phase difference of 180o
(or π rad). Thus the two interfering waves at the
centre are opposite in phase and produce a dark
spot.
Determination of Wavelength of Light
Refractive Index of a Liquid
Problem: A soap film 5 × 10 − 5 cm thick is viewed at an angle of 35o to the normal. Find
the wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum which will be absent from the reflected
light (μ = 1.33).
Solution: Let i be the angle of incidence and r be the angle of refraction. Then
= sin(i)/sin(r)
1.33 = sin(35o)/sin(r)
∴ r = 25.5o and cos r = 0.90

The condition for destructive interference is 2μ t cos r = mλ .


Using different values for m in the above relation, we get following values for wavelengths.
When m = 1, λ1= 2 × 1.33 × 5 × 10 − 5 cm × 0.90 = 12.0 × 10 − 5 cm =120μm.
When m = 2, λ2= (2 × 1.33 × 5 × 10 − 5 cm × 0.90) ÷ 2 = 6.0 × 10 − 5 cm = 6000 Å.
When m = 3, λ3= (2 × 1.33 × 5 × 10 − 5 cm × 0.90) ÷ 3 = 4.0 × 10 − 5 cm = 4000 Å.
When m = 4, λ4= (2 × 1.33 × 5 × 10 − 5 cm × 0.90) ÷ 4 = 3.0 × 10 − 5 cm = 3000 Å.
Out of the above wavelengths, λ2 = 6000 Å, and λ3 = 4000 Å lie in the visible region. Therefore,
these two wavelengths are absent in the reflected light.
Problem: A beam of monochromatic light of wavelength 5.82 × 10 − 7 m falls normally on a glass
wedge with the wedge angle of 20 seconds of an arc. If the refractive index of glass is 1.5, find the
number of dark fringes per cm of the wedge length.

Solution:
Problem: Newton’s rings are observed in reflected light of λ = 5.9 × 10 −5 cm. The diameter of the
10th dark ring is 0.5 cm. Find the radius of curvature of the lens and the thickness of the air film.

Solution:
Problem: In a Newton’s rings experiment the diameter of the 15th ring was found to be 0.59 cm and
that of the 5th ring was 0.336 cm. If the radius of the plano-convex lens is 100 cm, calculate the
wavelength of light used.

Solution:
Thank You

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