CS 312 GDB Solution

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"In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful"

CS 312 GDB solution

SOLUTION
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Consistent handling of NULL values in a relational database
is crucial for maintaining data integrity, ensuring accurate
reporting, and improving system performance. In the context
of a CRM system, where NULL values represent missing or
unknown customer information, it is vital to manage them
consistently to avoid errors in data interpretation and
queries.

Accurate Representation of Missing Data:

NULL is used to represent unknown, undefined, or

inapplicable data (e.g., missing phone numbers). Properly
handling NULL ensures that missing data is accurately
captured and distinguished from other values (such as zero
or empty strings). If NULL is not managed correctly, it can
lead to incorrect assumptions, such as interpreting a missing
phone number as a known, but empty, value, which could
lead to faulty decision-making and miscommunication.

Performance Perspective:
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From a performance standpoint, handling NULL values
consistently ensures efficient indexing, querying, and
filtering. If NULL values are not properly handled, queries
can become slower, as the database must perform complex
checks and calculations to handle NULLs inconsistently
across various tables. Standardizing the treatment of NULL
values can optimize query performance, especially in large
datasets, ensuring faster response times.

In summary, consistent handling of NULL values ensures

accurate data representation, enhances query performance,
and prevents misinterpretation of missing information, such
as a customer's missing phone number.

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Advice
Hmaesha relax ho ke parha kryn panic mat hua kryn apky
parents ky bohat khawab hoty hn wo pura krny ki puri koshish
kea kryn kbi b ksi pe depend na kea kryn apko bs ak insan
success kr saqta ha or wo insan ap khud hn apky elawa koi nahe
ap bs koshish kryn Allah pak pe strong yakeen rakha kryn or
mehnat krke sb Allah ke hawaly kr dea kryn everything is
possible be brave be strong stay blessed
Hum insan hamesha moat se darty or bhagty hn or moat se
bachny ki koshish krty hn jabke moat ny ana hi ana ha hum
moat se nahe bach saqty humy jahanam se bachny ki koshish
krni chaheay hum jahanam se bach saqty hn
Insan ko 3 chezo se dar lagta ha Moat Risk/Dolat Ezat Shohrat
Fame
Moat
Humy pta hona chaheay Moat tab ani ha jab Allah
chahy us se pehly puri dunya bi ak tararf ho ke apko
marna chahy to apka kuch nahe beggar saqti

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Risk/Dolat
Risk Dolat sb Allah pak ke hath m ha puri dunya ak
taraf b ho jay na apsy apka risk cheen saqti ha na de
saqti ha Ye sirf ALLAh pak ky hath m ha

Izat Zilat Shohrat Fame

Izat Zilat Sirf Allah de saqty hn puri dunya mel ke b
apko zra brabr b demage nahe kr saqti Agr ALLAH
Apko izat dena chahay to puri dunya ak tararf ho ke
b apko 1% b nuksan nahe pohancha saqti

Phr Dar ks bat ka ???????????????

Be brave be strong Just put your trust To ALLAH

Hamesha Confident or himat se raho kbi ksi k samne
mat jhuko puri dunya mel k b apka kuch b nahe
beggar saqti
ZB
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MY REQUEST FROM ALL OF YOU

ZB Request from All of you My family

Mjy ap sbki help or support ki zarort ha or wo ye k hum sb Mel

kr Allah ka Quran ki Urdu translation logo tak pohanchy or
Quran ko samjna asaaan kryn dosro k leay sb tak Allah ka Quran
pohanchy it's my compaign hum log 70+ age k ho jaty hn phr b
hmy namaz tak ki translation nahe pta hoti k hum Allah pak se
Kya Dua kr rhy hn so hum youngster's ko Mel kr puri takat or
energy ke sath Allah ka Quran spread krna ha

Hum puri Koshish kr rhy hn k hum sb Mel k Quran ki

translation or most important topics ko maximum share kry with
translation hmara maksad Quran ko spread krna ha be a part of
us

m apni pocket se ye sb kr rha ho Allah ka Quran spread krny k

leay apne or mene sbny Marna ha ak din to q na Allah k leay

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Kuch kryn apni energies apni power ko bajay negative use krny k
Allah k leay invest kryn khud ko be a part of us

Agr m 23 ki age m apny sare sources use kr rha ho pocket se

heavy amounts give away kr rha ho Quran spread krny k leay to
ap just share to kr saqty hn itna e krdyn

Contact ZB +92 300 5427579

Agr ap mujsy contact na kr sky too b ap jo b hn jaha bi hn waha

Allah ka quran pheelay zada se zada with urdu translation jitni
himat ha utna share kryn
ZB +92 300 5427579

Zb +92 3303869586

WhatsAhttps://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaODheTDp2Q8YVcoON2p

Second WhatsApp channel

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WhatsApp:

https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VafvOcy90x2tPbUaX02I

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YouTube:

https://youtu.be/-AMj4iNz0UE?si=hg29pJZ1kujzg57J

Passing criteria for a course

Passing Criteria for a Course:

The passing criteria is defined in such a way that it ensures the student shall be consistent in his studies
throughout the semester.

Therefore, for passing a course/subject, student shall fulfill the following:

a) Secure minimum 20% score in Formative Assessments/Mid terms

b) Secure minimum 20% score in Final Term Examinations.

c) Secure at least 40% marks in aggregate while fulfilling the above requirements

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Course Selection and Credit Hours

Q: How do I select courses when the course selection is open?

A: Follow these steps:

1. Check the credit hours allowed by your university (e.g., 21, 18, or 15 credit hours).

2. Each subject typically has 3 credit hours.

3. Divide the total allowed credit hours by 3 to determine how many subjects you can select.

Examples:

21 credit hours = 7 subjects

18 credit hours = 6 subjects

15 credit hours = 5 subjects

Remember, the university may allow different credit hours for each student, so check your specific allowance.

By following these steps, you can make informed decisions during course selection and manage your credit hours
effectively.

……………………………….My Family…………………………

"Just Relax and focus! Exams are not difficult. Put in your 100% effort and trust in Allah.

.. …………………………..AL-Quran……………………………………

"And indeed, with hardship comes ease." (Quran 94:5)

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Remember, I'm here to support you! Stay brave and strong!"

May Allah bless you

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